Category: Current Affairs

Edusprint Youtube Channel : Edusprint Academy

We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 8th and 9th December current affairs 2024, curated from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs December 2024 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation.

National news

Amit Shah Unveils Sardar Patel Statue in Jodhpur

Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation Shri Amit Shah unveiled an 11-ft tall statue of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, in the presence of Union Minister Shri Gajendra Singh Shekhawat and other dignitaries. The statue, made of several metals and weighing 1,100 kilograms, stands on an 8-ft pedestal. During the unveiling ceremony, Shri Amit Shah highlighted Sardar Patel’s immense contributions to India’s unity, his historical significance, and the recognition he has received under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership.

Significance of Sardar Patel

• Known as the “Iron Man of India,” Patel unified 556 princely states post-Independence.
• Played a pivotal role in integrating Jodhpur and transforming its airbase into a strategic security hub.
• Defied predictions of India’s disintegration, ensuring a strong and united nation.

Historical Neglect and Recognition

• Shri Amit Shah criticized the neglect of Patel’s legacy by earlier regimes.
• Highlighted PM Modi’s efforts in honoring Patel, including the Statue of Unity and Bharat Ratna award.
• Sardar Patel’s Unfinished Dreams Fulfilled

Key Initiatives Under PM Modi:

• Abrogation of Articles 370 and 35A.
• Implementation of the Uniform Civil Code in Uttarakhand.
• Construction of Ram Temple in Ayodhya.
• Abolition of triple talaq.
• Strengthened defense via surgical and air strikes.

Note: Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation Shri Amit Shah

Economy news

OECD Revises India’s Economic Growth Forecast for FY25 and FY26

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) released its “Economic Outlook December 2024” on 4th December 2024, revising India’s economic growth forecast upwards.

Key Highlights:

• Growth Forecast for FY25: India’s growth forecast for Financial Year 2024-25 (FY25) has been raised by 20 basis points (bps), from the previous estimate of 6.6% to 6.8%.
• Reason for Revision: The positive revision is attributed to rapidly increasing public infrastructure spending and sustained growth in private consumption.
• GDP Projection for FY26: India’s real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) projection for FY26 has been revised upwards to 6.9%, compared to the earlier estimate of 6.8% made in the September 2024 Economic Outlook.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

• Secretary-General: Mathias Hubert Paul Cormann
• Headquarters: Paris, France
• Established: 1961

India’s Cash Transfer Schemes for Women (FY 2024-25)

According to Goldman Sachs Global Research, nine Indian states have ongoing or proposed cash transfer schemes for women, with a combined allocation of USD 18 billion in their budget estimates for Financial Year 2024-25 (FY25), representing 0.5% of India’s GDP.

Maharashtra:

• Allocation: USD 5.4 billion, which is 1.1% of the state’s GDP.
• Maharashtra leads in terms of the largest budget allocation for women’s cash transfers among Indian states.

Haryana:

• Proposed Financial Support: Rs 2,100 per month for women aged 18 and above, with an annual household income of less than Rs 2 lakh.
• Haryana offers the highest monthly financial support to women.

Karnataka: Proposed Financial Support: Rs 2,000 per month for women, following closely behind Haryana.

Banking news

Razorpay Collaborates with MHA and I4C to Strengthen Cybersecurity in India’s Digital Payments Ecosystem

On December, 2024, Razorpay, India’s first full-stack financial solutions company, announced its collaboration with the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) to enhance cybersecurity in India’s growing digital payments ecosystem.

Key Points:

• Objective: To provide necessary knowledge and awareness about cybersecurity to businesses and end customers across India.
• Integration of Expertise: Razorpay’s technological expertise will complement the government’s cybersecurity strategies, strengthening the country’s digital infrastructure.

India’s Growing Digital Payment Landscape:

• Digital Payment Volume: India now accounts for 46% of the world’s digital payment volume.
• Cybercrime Statistics: Between January 2024 and April 2024, over 7,000 daily cybercrime complaints were reported, with 85% related to financial fraud, causing USD 21.2 million in losses.
• Cybercrime Collaboration: Razorpay has partnered with over 1,600 cybercrime stations across 25 states and union territories to strengthen the fight against cybercrime.

Razorpay’s Security Initiatives:

Authentication Control Server (ACS): In 2024, Razorpay launched its ACS, including a Fraud Risk Management (FRM) system, which analyzes the risk of transactions in real-time based on factors such as transaction amount, user behavior, and device details, helping mitigate potential risks.

About Razorpay Software Private Limited (RSPL):

• CEO & Co-Founder: Harshil Mathur
• Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka
• Founded: 2014

About Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA):

• Union Minister: Amit Shah (Constituency: Gandhinagar, Gujarat)
• Ministers of State (MOS): Nityanand Rai (Constituency: Ujiarpur, Bihar), Bandi Sanjay Kumar (Constituency: Karimnagar, Telangana)

RBI Introduces Secured Overnight Rupee Rate (SORR)

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has announced the creation of the Secured Overnight Rupee Rate (SORR), a new benchmark for the interest rate derivatives market. This initiative aims to enhance the robustness, transparency, and reliability of India’s financial benchmarks, aligning them with global standards.

Key Features of SORR

• Transaction-Based Benchmark: SORR will be derived from actual secured money market transactions, including market repo and tri-party repo (TREPS), reflecting real market dynamics.
• Support from FBIL: The Financial Benchmarks India Limited (FBIL) will spearhead the development and implementation of SORR, incorporating feedback from the financial community.
• Manipulation-Resistant: Unlike the existing Mumbai Inter-Bank Offer Rate (MIBOR), which is derived through polling of market participants, SORR will be trade-based, significantly reducing the scope for manipulation.

Transition from MIBOR to SORR

• MIBOR Overview: Introduced in 1998, MIBOR has been widely used in India’s financial markets. However, it is based on polling responses, which raises concerns about its susceptibility to distortion and manipulation.
• SORR’s Advantages: SORR will provide a more accurate representation of overnight funding rates, covering 98% of the overnight market activity, thus ensuring higher reliability.

It is designed to be transparent, robust, and aligned with global best practices, including the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) in the U.S., which replaced LIBOR as a benchmark.

Role of FBIL and Implementation Timeline

FBIL’s Role:

• FBIL will develop and operationalize SORR based on the recommendations of the MIBOR Committee.
• Public consultations and feedback will be accepted until November 15, 2024, to finalize SORR’s design and methodology.

Gradual Implementation: While SORR will be introduced as a new benchmark, the transition from MIBOR to SORR will occur gradually to ensure market stability.

RBI Unveils MuleHunter.AI to Fight Financial Fraud

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has introduced MuleHunter.AI, an advanced AI-driven tool developed through its Innovation Hub (RBIH) to identify and flag mule bank accounts linked to illicit financial activities, including money laundering.

What Are Mule Accounts?

Definition: Mule accounts are used by criminals to launder illegally obtained funds.

Operation: Often managed by individuals from low-income groups or those with limited technical knowledge who are coerced or deceived into participation.

Challenges:

• Highly interconnected accounts, making them difficult to trace.
• Increase the risk of financial fraud and cybercrime.

Significance of MuleHunter.AI

Addressing Financial Fraud:

• Online financial fraud accounts for 67.8% of cybercrime cases in India.
• MuleHunter.AI strengthens the financial system by enhancing fraud detection capabilities.

Efficient and Accurate Detection: AI-based analysis ensures a more reliable identification process, addressing gaps in existing systems.

Combatting Money Laundering: By detecting mule accounts efficiently, MuleHunter.AI helps in curbing the flow of illicit funds and improving compliance with anti-money laundering laws.

Ranks and report news

India’s Billionaire Count Soars to 185, China Sees Drop Amid Slowdown

India’s billionaire count has reached 185 in 2024, reflecting a 20% increase from 153 in 2023, according to the UBS Billionaire Ambitions Report. This rise cements India’s position as the third-largest billionaire hub globally, behind the United States and China.

Key Highlights from the UBS Report

India’s Billionaire Growth

• Count in 2024: 185 billionaires.
• Growth Rate: 20% increase from 2023 and a 123% rise since 2015.
• Total Wealth: Billionaire wealth surged by 42.1%, reaching $905.6 billion in 2024.

China’s Decline

• Billionaire Count: Dropped from 520 in 2023 to 427 in 2024 due to economic slowdowns and regulatory changes.
• Wealth Reduction: Declined from $2.1 trillion in 2020 to $1.8 trillion in 2024.

Family-Led Businesses as Drivers

• India ranks third globally in publicly listed family-owned businesses.
• Key sectors: Pharma, fintech, edtech, and food delivery have driven wealth creation.

Global Wealth Trends

• Billionaire wealth worldwide grew by 121% from 2015 to 2024, reaching $14 trillion (up from $6.3 trillion).
• India’s billionaire entrepreneurs are projected to grow rapidly, mirroring China’s growth trajectory until 2020.

Corporate Climate Action in India: SBTI Commitments

India has secured the 6th spot globally in corporate climate action, with 127 companies committing to net-zero targets under the Science-Based Target Initiative (SBTI). This reflects a growing awareness among Indian corporations towards addressing climate change, although high-emission sectors like power, energy, and cement still lag behind in adopting such goals.

India: 127 companies committed to SBTI targets.

Global Rankings:

• United Kingdom: 702 companies (1st)
• USA: 425 companies (2nd)
• China: 233 companies (3rd)
• Germany: 203 companies (4th)
• Sweden: 143 companies (5th)

Global Emissions: India contributes around 7% of global emissions, while China contributes 27% but has less corporate adoption.

Global Commitment: Approximately 9,000 companies globally have committed to emission reduction targets, with 3,500 targeting net-zero emissions.

Award news

Karmaveer Chakra Awards 2024-25

The Karmaveer Chakra Awards for 2024-25 were presented during the 13th edition of REX ConcLIVE, held from 25th-26th November 2024 in Noida, Uttar Pradesh. The awards were given to individuals who have made remarkable contributions to societal change through innovation and positive impact.

Awardees:

Rumana Sinha Sehgal:

• Role: Mentor at T-Hub, Hyderabad, and founder of Serendipity.
• Achievement: She became the first entrepreneur from Telangana to receive the Karmaveer Chakra Platinum Medal for 2024-25.
• She is also the first woman entrepreneur from the state to receive this award three times.
• Contribution: Recognized for her outstanding work in areas such as sustainability, entrepreneurship, and community development, particularly through T-Hub and its associated changemakers.

Akshay Deshpande: Role: Founder of Switcheko.

Abhishek Agarwal: Role: Founder of Goodeebag.

About Karmaveer Chakra Awards:

• Institution: Established by the Indian Confederation of NGOs (iCongo) in collaboration with the United Nations (UN) in 2008-09.
• Tribute: The award honors the legacy of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, the 11th President of India.
• Objective: To recognize individuals who have brought positive societal change through their work and innovative solutions.

Appointment news

Devajit Saikia Appointed Acting Secretary of BCCI

Devajit Saikia, a former cricketer from Assam, has been appointed the acting secretary of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). This move fills the vacancy left by Jay Shah, who recently transitioned to the role of International Cricket Council (ICC) chairman. The decision was made by BCCI president Roger Binny, who exercised his constitutional powers to ensure the smooth functioning of the organization. Saikia’s appointment is considered a temporary measure, and a permanent secretary will be appointed as per the BCCI’s constitution.

BCCI:

• President: Roger Binny
• Headquarters: Mumbai
• Founded: December 1928

D Gukesh Appointed Brand Ambassador of RBL Bank

In November 2024, RBL Bank Limited (formerly Ratnakar Bank Limited), based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, appointed D Gukesh, the Indian Chess Grandmaster, as its Brand Ambassador.

Key Points:

• D Gukesh is a chess prodigy known for his exceptional achievements in the game.

He is:

• The youngest-ever contender to compete in the World Chess Championship.
• The third youngest grandmaster to achieve a rating of 2700.
• He is also the second Indian, after Viswanathan Anand, to compete in a World Chess Championship Match.

Partnership with RBL Bank:

• This collaboration highlights the alignment of qualities such as strategic thinking and foresight, which resonate with both Gukesh’s approach to chess and RBL Bank’s values.
• The bank’s association with Gukesh reflects its emphasis on precision, focus, and visionary outlook, qualities that Gukesh exemplifies in his chess career.

RBL bank:

• Headquarters: Mumbai
• Founded: 14 June 1943
• Key people: R Subramaniakumar; (MD & CEO)
  

Defence news

Indian Defense Companies in Global Arms Production

According to the SIPRI Report 2023, three Indian defense public sector undertakings (DPSUs)—Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), and Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd (MDL)—are ranked among the world’s 100 largest arms producers.

Key Highlights:

Combined Revenue: The three companies generated USD 6.74 billion in 2023, a 5.8% increase from the previous year.

• HAL: Revenue of USD 3.71 billion, up 6.9%.
• BEL: Revenue of USD 1.94 billion, up 0.5%, but dropped to 67th place from 65th in 2022.
• MDL: Revenue of USD 1.09 billion, up 12.4%, and improved to 94th from 96th in 2022.

Top Global Arms Producers (SIPRI 2023):

• Lockheed Martin (USA): USD 60.81 billion
• Raytheon Technologies (USA): USD 40.66 billion
• Northrop Grumman (USA): USD 35.57 billion
• Boeing (USA): USD 31.1 billion
• General Dynamics (USA): USD 30.2 billion

About ICRA ESG Ratings Limited

• MD & CEO: Ramnath Krishnan
• Headquarters: New Delhi, India
• Founded: 1991

About SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute)

• Director: Dan Smith
• Headquarters: Solna, Sweden
• Founded: 1966

Science and tech news

Indian Astronauts Selected for Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) to ISS

In November 2024, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), based in Bengaluru, Karnataka, announced the successful completion of the initial training phase for two Indian astronauts, Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla (prime) and Group Captain Prasanth Balakrishnan Nair (backup), who are selected for the upcoming Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) to the International Space Station (ISS). These astronauts are referred to as Gaganyatris.

Key Details: Training: The astronauts began their training in the USA in August 2024 as part of the ongoing collaboration between ISRO and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Mission Overview:

• Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) is a private spaceflight to the International Space Station (ISS).
• It is operated by Axiom Space, a USA-based private spaceflight company, in partnership with SpaceX, an American space technology company.

About NASA:

• Administrator: Bill Nelson
• Headquarters: Washington, D.C., USA
• Founded: 1958

Sports news

Bangladesh Triumphs in U-19 Asia Cup Final, Beats India by 59 Runs

Bangladesh U-19 retained their Asia Cup title, defeating India by 59 runs in a thrilling final. Despite early breakthroughs by India’s bowlers, Bangladesh’s strong middle-order performances set a competitive target of 199, which India failed to chase, bowing out at 139 in 35.2 overs.

Match Highlights

Bangladesh Innings

• Key Partnership: Mohammad Shihab James (36) and Rizan Hossan (32) stitched a crucial 62-run partnership, stabilizing the innings after an early wobble.
• Collapse and Recovery: Quick dismissals post James’ wicket led to a middle-order collapse. However, a late contribution from Azizul Hakim added valuable runs.

Final Total: Bangladesh managed to post 198 runs, getting bowled out in 47.5 overs.

India’s Bowling

Top Performers:

• Yudhajit Guha: 2 wickets for 29 runs.
• Raj: 2 wickets for 41 runs.

Missed Opportunities: Despite early wickets, Indian bowlers couldn’t capitalize, allowing Bangladesh to recover and set a challenging target.

Bangladesh:

• Capital: Dhaka
• Currency: Bangladeshi Taka
• Official language: Bengali
• President: Mohammed Shahabuddin

Norris Wins Abu Dhabi GP, Ends McLaren’s 26-Year Wait

In a dramatic race at the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, Lando Norris delivered a stellar performance, claiming victory and bringing McLaren its first Constructors’ Championship since 1998. The race was filled with incidents, penalties, and emotional moments, as the grid battled fiercely in the season finale.

McLaren’s Triumph

Historic Constructors’ Title: McLaren secured its first championship in 26 years, marking a return to dominance in Formula 1.

Lando Norris’ Victory:

• Claimed the win with a margin of 5.832 seconds over Ferrari’s Carlos Sainz.
• Demonstrated composure under pressure, maintaining his lead throughout the race.

Oscar Piastri’s Resilience: Despite an early Turn One collision with Max Verstappen and a 10-second penalty, Piastri managed to finish 10th.

Max Verstappen Wins F1 Qatar Grand Prix 2024

On December, 2024, Max Verstappen of Red Bull secured victory at the Formula 1 (F1) Qatar Grand Prix 2024, held at the Lusail International Circuit in Lusail, Qatar. This win marked his 9th victory of the season and the 63rd of his career.

Podium Finishers:

• 1st place: Max Verstappen (Red Bull) – 9th win of the season
• 2nd place: Charles Leclerc (Ferrari) – 18 points
• 3rd place: Oscar Piastri (McLaren) – 15 points

About Max Verstappen:

• First F1 Championship: Max Verstappen won his first Formula 1 World Championship title in 2021 after winning 10 Grands Prix that season.
• Consecutive Titles: He went on to win the next two championships in 2022 and 2023.
• 4th Consecutive Title: Verstappen secured his 4th consecutive F1 World Championship title in 2024, adding his 9th Grand Prix victory in the season to his impressive record.
• Grand Prix Wins in 2024: His 9 wins in the 2024 season include victories at the Las Vegas GP, Sao Paulo GP, Bahrain GP, Saudi Arabia GP, Japanese GP, Chinese GP, Emilia-Romagna GP, Canadian GP, and Spanish GP.

Books and author news

Himachal Pradesh CM Releases Book on Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s Life and Contributions

In November 2024, Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu, the Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh, released a book titled ‘Loh Purush Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Ka Jeevanvrit’, authored by Rakesh Kumar Sharma, in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.

Book Overview:

• The book provides an in-depth exploration of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, one of India’s most significant historical figures.
• It highlights Patel’s personality, his role in India’s freedom struggle, and his contributions to nation-building.

About the Author:

• Rakesh Kumar Sharma is an established author who has previously written several books on Sardar Patel.
• ‘Loh Purush Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: Jeevan Darshan aur Rashtra Nirman ki Bhumika’ (2022)
• ‘Iron Man Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: Role in Swaraj Struggle and National Integration’ (2023)
• This book further cements Sharma’s focus on celebrating the life and contributions of Sardar Patel, known as the Iron Man of India.

Himachal Pradesh:

• Capitals: Shimla (Summer), Dharamshala (Winter)
• Chief minister: Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu
• Governor: Shiv Pratap Shukla

Important days

International Anti-Corruption Day 2024: December 9, 2024

International Anti-Corruption Day is observed globally on December 9 each year to raise awareness about the devastating impact of corruption and to emphasize the need for transparency, accountability, and integrity in governance and society. This day mobilizes individuals, governments, and organizations to combat corruption and its far-reaching consequences.

Background of International Anti-Corruption Day

• Proclamation in 2003: The United Nations General Assembly declared December 9 as International Anti-Corruption Day through Resolution 58/4 in 2003. This resolution also led to the adoption of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), a landmark international treaty designed to address the issue of corruption globally.
• Primary Goal: The key objective of this day is to create global awareness about the prevalence of corruption and to highlight the critical role of the UNCAC in fighting corruption. The day serves to remind governments, organizations, and individuals about their responsibility to act against corruption and promote good governance practices.
• A Global Reminder: Since its inception, International Anti-Corruption Day has been a powerful reminder of the urgent need to prevent and combat corruption. The day encourages fostering integrity, accountability, and transparent governance systems to ensure a fairer, more just society for all.

Edusprint Youtube Channel : Edusprint Academy

We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 7th December current affairs 2024, curated from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs December 2024 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation.

National news

“Bharatiya Vayuyan Vidheyak Passed: Civil Aviation Minister Hails Milestone”

The Bharatiya Vayuyan Vidheyak, 2024, marks a transformative step in India’s aviation sector by replacing the 90-year-old Aircraft Act of 1934. Passed by both Houses of Parliament, the bill aims to streamline aviation regulations, align with international standards, and support the sector’s exponential growth. It addresses safety, affordability, governance, and consumer protection while fostering investment and self-reliance in aircraft manufacturing. The Hindi renaming of the bill, a move to honor India’s cultural heritage, sparked debates but aligns with the government’s broader objective of promoting indigenous identity.

Objectives and Scope

• Modernization: Eliminates outdated provisions from the Aircraft Act, 1934.
• Focus Areas: Safety, affordability, governance, and consumer protection.
• Ease of Doing Business: Simplifies processes to attract investments.
• Global Alignment: Implements internationally recognized aviation practices.

Regulatory Improvements

• DGCA Amendment: Removes a 2010 clause allowing airlines to alter fares within 24 hours, promoting transparency.
• Governance: Enhances tariff monitoring to address pricing issues.

Airfare and Accessibility

• Udan Scheme: Operationalized 609 routes and 86 regional airports for improved accessibility.
• Fuel Tax Reduction: Advocates for lower VAT on aviation fuel in states like Delhi, West Bengal, and Tamil Nadu.
• Fare Monitoring: Airlines must report route-wise tariffs to the DGCA monthly.

Safety and Data Privacy

• Increased Surveillance: Addresses rising threat calls in late 2024.
• DigiYatra Privacy: Ensures secure storage and auto-deletion of Aadhaar and boarding data post-travel.

Concerns Raised

• Market Concentration: MPs highlighted concerns over Air India and Indigo’s duopoly in fares and routes.
• Privatization: Notable airports handed to Adani Group raised debates.
• Title Controversy: MPs debated the Hindi title’s adoption versus an English title like the Indian Aircraft Act.

Sex Ratio and Girl Child Enrollment Show Positive Trends Under BBBP Scheme

The Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched on January 22, 2015, under the Ministry of Women & Child Development in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, has achieved notable progress in improving the Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB) and Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) for girls.

Provisional data from the Health Management Information System (HMIS) shows SRB improved from 918 in 2014-15 to 930 in 2023-24. GER at the secondary level has risen from 75.51% in 2014-15 to 79.4% in 2021-22, as per UDISE+ data. The scheme focuses on eliminating gender-biased practices, ensuring girl child protection, and promoting education.

Achievements

• Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB): Improved from 918 (2014-15) to 930 (2023-24) as per HMIS data.
• Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER): Increased from 75.51% (2014-15) to 79.4% (2021-22) at the secondary level (UDISE+ data).

Implementation Framework

Funding: Centrally sponsored under Sambal vertical of Mission Shakti with 100% central government funding.

District-wise Fund Allocation:

• SRB ≤ 918: ₹40 lakh/year.
• SRB 919–952: ₹30 lakh/year.
• SRB > 952: ₹20 lakh/year.

Disbursal Mechanism: Through the Public Financial Management System (PFMS) via Single Nodal Agencies (SNA).

Activity Calendar and Monitoring

• Operational Manual: Includes a year-round Activity Calendar aligned with key dates like October 11 (International Day of the Girl Child).
• Campaigns: 10-day campaign from October 2-11, 2024, across all States/UTs.
• Monitoring: Regular reviews, video conferences, and annual Programme Approval Board meetings.

Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) Scheme

Launched: On January 22, 2015.

Ministry: The scheme was launched by the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD), in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the Ministry of Education.

Objective: The BBBP scheme aims to:

• Prevent gender-based discrimination.
• Ensure the survival, protection, and education of the girl child.
• Address issues of declining child sex ratio and empower girls through education and awareness.

International news

Nebraska Declares December 6 as Mahatma Gandhi Remembrance Day

A bust of Mahatma Gandhi was unveiled at the Nebraska State Capitol on December 6, 2024, marking the day as “A Day of Remembrance for Mahatma Gandhi.” Nebraska Governor Jim Pillen declared this special day to honor Gandhi’s principles of non-violence, tolerance, and justice, emphasizing their relevance in today’s world. The event was a collaboration between the Indian Consulate in Seattle and the Governor’s Office in Nebraska, reflecting cultural understanding and long-term partnership.

Significance

• Bust Unveiled: Gifted by the Indian government, symbolizes Gandhi’s legacy of Ahimsa (non-violence) and Satyagraha (truth force).
• Proclamation by Governor Jim Pillen: Honors Gandhi as a global symbol of peace, justice, and tolerance, emphasizing his teachings’ modern relevance.

Economy news

SBI Report Projects India’s GDP Growth to Drop Below 6.5% for FY25

According to State Bank of India (SBI)’s Economic Research Department (ERD) report released on 29th November 2024, India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is most likely to drop below 6.5% for the current Financial Year 2024-25 (FY25) as GDP growth in the 2nd Quarter (Q2: July-September) of FY25 slowed to 5.4%.

 India’s GDP growth plunged below 6.0% in Q2FY25 after 7 quarters is mainly attributed by sluggish growth in the industry sector which decelerated to 6-quarters low to 3.6% in Q2 of the current financial year.

Key Factors for Slowdown: The main contributor to the slowdown is sluggish growth in the industrial sector, which grew at a 6-quarter low of 3.6% in Q2FY25.

Sectoral Performance:

• Industry: The incremental growth in the industrial sector dropped significantly to Rs 42,515 crore in Q2FY25, down from Rs 1.4 lakh crore in Q2FY24.
• Agriculture: Agriculture sector growth improved to 3.5% in Q2FY25, up from 1.7% in the same period last year, but its contribution to overall growth is minimal (40 bps).
• Services: Services sector grew by 7.1% in Q2FY25, slightly higher than the 6.0% growth in Q2FY24 but lower than the 7.2% growth in Q1FY25.
• GDP Growth Projections: The real GDP growth in the first half (H1FY25) was 6.0%. Projections for the second half (H2FY25) range between 6.5% to 6.8%.
• GVA and Nominal GDP: The Gross Value Added (GVA) grew by 5.6%, while nominal GDP grew by 8% in Q2FY25.

About SBI:

• Chairman: Challa Sreenivasulu Setty
• Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Founded: July 1, 1955
• Tagline: “The Banker to Every Indian”

Banking news

RBI Introduces Podcast Facility for Public Communication

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), led by Governor Shaktikanta Das, has announced a podcast series to enhance public communication and financial literacy, part of its broader efforts to promote transparency and education.

Key Developments

Podcast Series

• Aims to provide insights on monetary policy, financial stability, and financial literacy.
• Targets diverse audiences for better public engagement.

Monetary Policy Updates

• Key Interest Rate: Kept unchanged due to inflation risks.
• Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR): Reduced to inject liquidity and support economic growth.

Financial Literacy Initiatives

• Launched booklets in Santali (Ol Chiki) language on financial products and consumer protection, focusing on rural and underserved communities.
• Target groups: Children, farmers, entrepreneurs, self-help groups, and senior citizens.

AI Integration in Financial Systems

• Formation of FREE-AI (Framework for Responsible and Ethical Enablement of AI) to mitigate AI-related risks in the financial sector.
• Development of MuleHunter.AI, a tool to detect mule accounts used in digital fraud.

Public Engagement Efforts: Organized student quiz competitions to increase awareness of financial matters.

RBI Leads Global Gold Purchases with Record Reserves Surge

India’s gold reserves surged to 882 tonnes in October 2024, with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) adding 27 tonnes to its reserves, as per World Gold Council (WGC) data. This marks a five-fold increase in gold purchases compared to the same period in 2023, totaling 77 tonnes from January to October 2024. Central banks worldwide bought 60 tonnes in October, with RBI leading the surge, contributing significantly to global gold demand.

Gold Reserves: India’s total gold reserves reached 882 tonnes in October 2024, with 510 tonnes held domestically.

RBI’s Purchases: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) added 27 tonnes in October 2024, contributing to a five-fold increase in gold purchases compared to 2023. In total, RBI purchased 77 tonnes from January to October 2024, making India a leading contributor to global central bank gold demand.

Global Central Bank Purchases:

• Turkey: Added 17 tonnes in October, continuing a streak of net buying for 17 consecutive months, totaling 72 tonnes in 2024.
• Poland: Increased its reserves by 8 tonnes in October, reaching 69 tonnes for the year.
• Kazakhstan: Purchased 5 tonnes in October, ending a five-month selling streak.
• Czech Republic: Added 2 tonnes in October, continuing its 20-month streak of gold accumulation.
• Ghana: Expanded its reserves to 28 tonnes, up from 9 tonnes in May 2023.

RBI:

• Founded: 1 April 1935, Kolkata
• Governor: Sanjay Malhotra

Emerging Market Trends: Emerging markets led the global surge in gold purchases, with central banks from these regions accounting for 60% of global gold acquisitions in 2024. India, Turkey, and Poland were key contributors to this trend.

Strategic Asset: The growing demand for gold among central banks reflects its increasing role as a strategic asset, with India playing a significant part in the global gold market’s expansion.

Federal Bank Launches ‘Esteem Savings Account’ for Customers Aged 55 and Above

Aluva (Kerala)-based Indian Private Sector Bank, Federal Bank Limited has launched ‘Esteem Savings Account’ to provide customized financial services for customers aged 55 years and above that will cater the diverse financial needs of them.

Key Features:

Insurance Benefits:

• Free yearly health check-up
• Hospital cash facility
• Doctor-on-call facility

Airport Lounge Access: Two complimentary airport lounge visits per quarter.

Exclusive Discounts: Discounts on health, utilities, and elder care services.

Family Benefits: Complimentary Zero balance accounts for the spouse and two grandchildren.

No Fees on Banking Services: No charges for 10 commonly used banking services, including debit card issuance, NEFT, RTGS, and others.

Locker and Demat Account Benefits:

• 25% discount on locker rent
• AMC waived for the first year on demat account opening.

About Federal Bank:

• Managing Director (MD) & CEO: KVS Manian
• Headquarters: Aluva, Kerala
• Founded: 1931
• Tagline: “Your Perfect Banking Partner”

Appointment news

WTO Reappoints Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala for Second Term as Director General

In November 2024, the World Trade Organization (WTO) General Council unanimously reappointed Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala as the Director General (DG) for a consecutive four-year term.

• Term Details: Her second term will begin on September 1, 2025, following the conclusion of her first term on August 31, 2025.
• Significance: Okonjo-Iweala, the first woman and the first African to lead the WTO, took office as the 7th DG of WTO on March 1, 2021.

World trade organization:

• Purpose: The WTO’s goal is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible.
• Headquarters: The WTO is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
• Founding: The WTO was founded on January 1, 1995.

Ranks and report news

India’s Employment Growth: Unemployment Rate Falls to 3.2% in 7 Years

India’s employment landscape has seen significant improvement in recent years, with the unemployment rate dropping from 6% to 3.2% between 2017 and 2024, as per the latest Annual Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) data. The Worker Population Ratio (WPR), indicating the share of the working-age population employed, rose from 46.8% to 58.2% during this period, demonstrating strong job creation despite challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This marks a notable shift from earlier notions of “jobless growth” and highlights India’s progress in economic and employment expansion.

Key Trends in Employment Growth

• Job Creation: Between 2016-17 and 2022-23, India added 170 million jobs, a 36% increase, while GDP grew by an average of 6.5%. This growth dispels the myth of “jobless growth.”
• Labor Market Strengthening: Employment has consistently risen since the 1980s, with the WPR increasing by nearly 26% from 2017-2023, highlighting strong job generation across sectors.

Youth, Female, and Gig Workforce Trends

• Youth Employment: The unemployment rate for youth (ages 15-29) decreased from 17.8% in 2017-18 to 10% in 2022-23, signaling better employment prospects for young workers.
• Female Labor Force Participation: Policies encouraging female workforce participation have led to steady growth in female employment.
• Gig Economy Growth: India’s gig economy is set to expand, with an estimated workforce of 23.5 million by 2029-30.

Economic Survey and Employment Indicators

• Labor Market Improvements: The Economic Survey confirms a positive employment trend, with the unemployment rate reaching 3.2% in FY 2023. Payroll additions under EPFO have doubled from 61.1 lakh in FY 2019 to 131.5 lakh in FY 2024.
• Manufacturing and AI: The manufacturing sector remains a strong contributor to job creation, while advancements in AI are expected to further influence the employment landscape.

India’s Economic Outlook

GDP Growth: India’s real GDP is expected to grow by 8.2% in FY 2023-24, up from 7% in the previous fiscal year, primarily driven by strong manufacturing and mining performance, reinforcing the link between economic growth and job creation.

Summit news

India to Chair 68th Session of UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs

India has achieved a significant milestone by being named to chair the 68th Session of the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND), marking the first time the country has been chosen for this prestigious role. Ambassador Shambhu S Kumaran, India’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations in Vienna, officially assumed the chairmanship of this crucial forum. The CND, a key policy-making body of the UN, focuses on addressing global drug-related issues and promoting international collaboration on drug control measures.

• Role of the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND): The CND is a key UN body responsible for monitoring global drug trends, advising member states on drug policies, and overseeing international drug conventions. It also functions as the governing body of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and operates under the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).
• India’s Leadership and Responsibilities: India’s appointment as Chair underscores its growing leadership in global policy discussions. As Chair, India is set to represent the interests of developing nations, particularly those from the Global South, ensuring their voices are heard in global drug policy debates. India will advocate for inclusive approaches and foster dialogue between emerging economies and developed nations.
• Focus Areas of the 68th Session: The agenda for the 68th session will center on global issues such as illicit drug trafficking, substance abuse, and the health impacts of drugs. India aims to promote evidence-based solutions, ensure better access to controlled substances for medical and scientific purposes, and uphold sustainable, equitable strategies in addressing global drug challenges.

Important days

Armed Forces Flag Day 2024: Date, History and Significance

India celebrates Armed Forces Flag Day annually on December 7 to honor the bravery, sacrifices, and commitment of the Indian Armed Forces. This day recognizes the dedication of Army, Navy, and Air Force personnel in safeguarding the nation’s freedom and security. It is also a day for citizens to express gratitude and contribute to the welfare of armed forces personnel, veterans, and their families.

History of Armed Forces Flag Day

Armed Forces Flag Day was first observed on December 7, 1949, under the Ministry of Defence to raise funds through the distribution of symbolic flags. The initiative aimed to honor the sacrifices of military personnel and increase awareness about their welfare.

In 1993, the Ministry of Defence unified various welfare funds for war victims, ex-servicemen, and their families into the Armed Forces Flag Day Fund, streamlining support for these groups and creating a platform for civilian contributions.

Significance of Armed Forces Flag Day

Armed Forces Flag Day holds deep significance:

• Acknowledging Sacrifices: It honors those who have given their lives in service to the nation.
• Strengthening Patriotism: It fosters unity and patriotism by connecting civilians with the armed forces.
• Supporting Veterans: Funds raised on this day directly support war widows, dependents, retired soldiers, and veterans in need.

How Armed Forces Flag Day is Observed

Armed Forces Flag Day is marked by various events and activities across India:

• Traditional and Cultural Activities: Military staff organize plays, parades, and performances that highlight the valor and heritage of the Indian Armed Forces.
• Distribution of Tricolor Flags: Citizens are encouraged to purchase and wear vehicle flags in red, dark blue, and light blue, representing the Army, Navy, and Air Force, respectively, to show solidarity.
• Fundraising Efforts: The Defence Ministry and Kendriya Sainik Board lead fundraising efforts, with proceeds supporting war widows, disabled soldiers, veterans, and welfare initiatives.

Armed Forces Flag Day Fund Established in 1949, the Armed Forces Flag Day Fund channels donations to support military personnel and their families. The fund is managed by the Defence Minister’s Committee and overseen by the Kendriya Sainik Board, ensuring that the contributions are effectively utilized to improve the welfare of veterans and their dependents.

UNGA Declares December 21 as World Meditation Day

The UN General Assembly (UNGA) has unanimously adopted a resolution declaring December 21 as World Meditation Day, a move co-sponsored by India and supported by countries such as Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Mexico, and Andorra. This resolution emphasizes meditation’s role in promoting comprehensive well-being, inner peace, and helping individuals cope with modern challenges, such as stress and anxiety.

• The date of December 21, the Winter Solstice, is significant in Indian tradition as a time for reflection and spiritual growth, making it an ideal occasion for World Meditation Day. This new observance complements the International Day of Yoga, which is celebrated on June 21 (the Summer Solstice), reflecting India’s leadership in promoting global wellness practices.

• India’s Role and Leadership: India played a pivotal role in championing this resolution, reinforcing its commitment to global human well-being in line with the philosophy of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” (The world is one family). Ambassador Parvathaneni Harish highlighted that the declaration aligns with India’s civilizational values and its ongoing efforts to foster practices that contribute to mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual harmony.

Meditation as a Tool for Global Wellness

The resolution recognizes the ancient roots of meditation while emphasizing its modern relevance. Scientific research has shown that meditation has various benefits, including:

• Reducing stress and promoting mental clarity.
• Improving cognitive and physical health.
• Fostering harmony between humans and nature.

This global initiative aims to inspire individuals around the world to embrace meditation as a tool for inner transformation and holistic health.

International Civil Aviation Day 2024,History, Significance, Theme of 2024

International Civil Aviation Day (ICAD) is observed annually on December 7 to celebrate the profound impact of civil aviation on global development. Established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1996, ICAD underscores the vital role of aviation in driving economic growth, fostering cultural exchange, and ensuring global connectivity.

Historical Background

• Chicago Convention (1944): The Chicago Convention, signed by 54 nations, laid the foundation for international regulations for civil aviation, establishing global standards for air travel.
• First Celebration: ICAD was first celebrated in 1994 during the 50th anniversary of the Chicago Convention, marking a significant milestone in aviation history.
• UN Recognition: In 1996, the United Nations General Assembly formally proclaimed December 7 as International Civil Aviation Day.

Purpose and Objectives

The observance of International Civil Aviation Day focuses on several key objectives:

• Promote Aviation’s Role: Highlighting aviation’s crucial contribution to global trade, tourism, and cultural exchange.
• Highlight Sustainability: Encouraging the aviation industry to reduce its environmental impact, with a focus on achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050.
• Encourage Innovation: Inspiring advancements in aviation technology, safety, and operational efficiency.
• Foster Global Cooperation: Strengthening international partnerships and promoting unified aviation standards across the globe.
• Acknowledge Contributions: Recognizing the dedication and hard work of aviation professionals such as pilots, engineers, air traffic controllers, and regulatory authorities.

2024 Theme: “Safe Skies. Sustainable Future” The theme for 2024 marks the 80th anniversary of the Chicago Convention and celebrates the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)’s achievements in advancing safe and sustainable air travel. The focus areas for this year include:

• Reducing aviation’s carbon footprint to combat climate change.
• Encouraging the adoption of green technologies within the aviation sector.
• Aligning aviation industry efforts with global sustainability goals and environmental initiatives.

Obituary news

Omchery N.N. Pillai, Renowned Malayalam Writer, Passes Away at 100

Renowned writer & Kendra Sahitya Akademi awardee Omchery NN Pillai passed away In November 2024, Renowned Malayalam playwright and writer Professor Omchery N.N. Pillai passed away at the age of 100 in New Delhi, Delhi. He was born on February 1, 1924 at Kottayam, Kerala.

Career Highlights:

• All India Radio: Pillai started his career in 1951 with All India Radio, joining its Malayalam news division.
• First Play: His first play, Ee Velicham Ningaludethakunnu (This Light is Ours), was written at the suggestion of A.K. Gopalan, the Leader of Opposition in the Indian Parliament.
• Writing Style: Known for experimenting with form, technique, and themes, he wrote over 80 one-act plays and nine full-length plays.

Awards and Recognitions:

• Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award (2020): Awarded for his memoir Akasmikam (The Accidental).
• Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award (1972): For his play Pralayam.
• Sahitya Akademi Award (2010): For his overall contribution to Malayalam literature.

Edusprint Youtube Channel : Edusprint Academy

We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 6th December current affairs 2024, curated from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs December 2024 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation.

National news

PMGDISHA Achieves 6.39 Crore Digital Literacy Milestone

The Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan (PMGDISHA) is a flagship scheme launched under the Digital India Programme to bridge the digital literacy gap in rural India. It aims to empower rural citizens with essential digital skills, enabling them to utilize IT tools for improving their livelihoods and accessing online services.

Key Features of PMGDISHA

Objective:

• To make one member from each rural household digitally literate.
• Targeted underserved groups, including SC/ST, women, and differently-abled individuals.
• Addressed the digital divide highlighted by the 71st NSSO Survey (2014), which revealed that only 6% of rural households owned computers.

Target and Achievement:

Initial target: 6 crore rural households.

• Achievement (as of March 31, 2024):
• 7.35 crore individuals enrolled.
• 6.39 crore trained.
• 4.78 crore certified.

Implementation:

Nationwide implementation through training centers supervised by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) in collaboration with State Implementing Agencies.

Training duration: 20 hours spread over 10–30 days.

Training included:

• Device functionality.
• Internet browsing.
• Cashless payments.
• Accessing online government services.

Focus Groups:

• Non-smartphone users.
• Below Poverty Line (BPL) households.
• School dropouts.

State-Wise Performance

Top Performing States:

• Uttar Pradesh: 1.45 crore trained individuals (highest in the country).
• Bihar: 74.12 lakh trained individuals.
• Maharashtra: 53.23 lakh trained individuals.

Challenges in Smaller Regions: Lakshadweep and Manipur reported limited participation due to demographic constraints.

About the scheme:

The Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan

• Objective: PMGDISHA is a government initiative aimed at promoting digital literacy among rural populations in India, especially targeting the marginalized and underprivileged sections, to empower them with the necessary skills to use digital tools and services.
• Key Features: Target Audience: The scheme focuses on individuals in rural areas, particularly those aged 14 to 60 years, with an emphasis on women, Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and differently-abled people.

Launched: The initiative was launched in 2017 under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) as part of the government’s efforts to make India a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.

PMSGMBY: 10 Lakh Solar Installations by 2025, 1 Crore by 2027

The Pradhan Mantri Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (PMSGMBY), the world’s largest domestic rooftop solar scheme, is rapidly transforming India’s solar energy landscape. Launched in February 2024, the scheme has already achieved impressive milestones, with 6.3 lakh installations in just 9 months—averaging 70,000 per month, a sharp increase from the 7,000 per month prior to its launch. By March 2025, installations are projected to exceed 10 lakh, and the scheme aims for one crore installations by March 2027.

Overview

• Launch: February 2024.
• Goal: Install 1 crore domestic rooftop solar systems by March 2027.

Key Achievements

Record Growth:

• 6.3 lakh installations in 9 months (70,000/month).
• Projected to surpass 10 lakh by March 2025 and 40 lakh by March 2026.
• State Leaders: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh.

Subsidy Disbursement

• ₹3,100 crore disbursed to 4 lakh consumers.
• 67,000 households receiving subsidies monthly.

NSIC Pays Record Dividend of Rs. 37.97 Crore for FY 2023-24

The National Small Industries Corporation Limited (NSIC), a Mini Ratna enterprise under the Ministry of MSME, achieved a milestone by paying its highest-ever dividend of Rs. 37.97 crore to the Government of India for the financial year 2023-24. Chairman-cum-Managing Director, Dr. Subhransu Sekhar Acharya, presented the dividend cheque to Shri Jitan Ram Manjhi, Hon’ble Union Minister, and Sushri Shobha Karandlaje, Hon’ble MoS, Ministry of MSME, in the presence of senior ministry officials, marking a significant achievement in the corporation’s history.

Key Achievements (FY 2023-24)

Highest Dividend: Paid a record ₹37.97 crore dividend to the Government of India.

Financial Growth:

• Revenue: ₹3,273 crore (18.16% growth YoY).
• Profit After Tax (PAT): ₹126.56 crore (14.55% growth YoY).

Leadership Remarks

• Shri Jitan Ram Manjhi, Union Minister: Applauded NSIC’s role in empowering MSMEs and urged expansion in skill development and enterprise creation.
• Sushri Shobha Karandlaje, MoS: Highlighted NSIC’s contribution to MSME growth and innovation.

National Small Industries Corporation Limited (NSIC)

Overview: The National Small Industries Corporation Limited (NSIC) is a government-owned organization that plays a significant role in promoting, supporting, and developing small-scale industries in India. It was established in 1955 by the Government of India under the Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) with the aim of fostering the growth of small industries.

• Headquarters: New Delhi
• Chairman-cum-Managing Director (CMD) of the National Small Industries Corporation Limited (NSIC) is Satyendra Kumar Singh.

India Intensifies Efforts to Reduce Snakebite Deaths by 2030

India, which accounts for nearly 50% of global snakebite deaths, has declared snakebite a notifiable disease at the national level. This initiative aims to reduce the high mortality and morbidity rates associated with snakebites, particularly in rural and tribal areas, and aligns with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) target of halving global snakebite deaths and injuries by 2030. By mandating reporting of all snakebite cases and deaths, the move enables better surveillance, treatment, and prevention strategies, offering hope to marginalized communities disproportionately affected by this neglected public health issue.

Declaration and Implementation:

• The Union Health Ministry announced on November 27, 2024, that snakebites will now be a notifiable disease at the national level.
• The notification was signed by Union Health Secretary Punya Salila Srivastava.

Mandatory Reporting: All government and private healthcare facilities, including medical colleges, are required to report suspected or confirmed snakebite cases and deaths under relevant state health laws.

Alignment with WHO Goals: This move aligns with the World Health Organization (WHO) target of halving global snakebite deaths and injuries by 2030.

Objective

• The initiative aims to reduce mortality and morbidity due to snakebites, especially in rural and tribal areas, by improving surveillance, treatment, and prevention strategies.
• It addresses a critical public health issue disproportionately affecting marginalized communities.

Launch of “Bal Vivah Mukt Bharat” Campaign to Combat Child Marriage and Empower Girls

On November 27 2024, Union Minister for Women and Child Development, Annapurna Devi, launched the “Bal Vivah Mukt Bharat” campaign in Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi(Delhi) to eradicate child marriage and empower young girls across the nation. This national initiative is a strategic effort to combat child marriage, ensuring that every girl has the opportunity to be educated, protected, and free to pursue her dreams.

• Objective: The “Bal Vivah Mukt Bharat” campaign was launched by Union Minister for Women and Child Development, Annapurna Devi at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, on November 27, 2024. The initiative aims to eradicate child marriage and empower young girls across India.
• Campaign Details: The initiative seeks to ensure that every girl has access to education, protection, and the freedom to pursue her aspirations without being subject to child marriage.
• Significance of the Launch: The launch coincides with the 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence, running from November 25 (International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women) to December 10 (Human Rights Day). This provides a platform to highlight the importance of ending child marriage as part of broader gender-based violence efforts.

Key Features:

• Child Marriage Free Bharat Portal: A crucial online platform was introduced to empower citizens to:Report child marriage incidents.File complaints.
• Access information about Child Marriage Prohibition Officers (CMPOS) across the country.

Additional Statistical Insight:

Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB) in India has improved from 918 in 2014-15 to 930 in 2023-24, reflecting a positive trend in gender balance.

Inauguration of First Underground Shooting Range for NCC Cadets in Delhi

In November 2024, Atishi Marlena Sing, Chief Minister (CM) of Delhi, inaugurated the first underground shooting range for National Cadet Corps (NCC) cadets at the NCC Bhawan in Rohini, New Delhi(Delhi).

The inauguration of this facility marks a significant milestone in the development of NCC cadets, providing them with world-class resources to enhance their training and skills.

Key Highlights: First Underground Shooting Range: The inauguration marks the establishment of the first underground shooting range for National Cadet Corps (NCC) cadets in India, a significant development aimed at enhancing training facilities for young cadets.

Facility Features:

• 25-meter Firing Range: Equipped with six firing lanes and bulletproof ceilings to ensure safety for the cadets.
• Electronic Target Control System: Allows uninterrupted training with 24/7 access.
• Night Firing Capability: Supports training in varying conditions with focused lighting.
• Automatic Steel Bullet Trap System: Ensures safety and efficiency during practice.
• Advanced Software: Facilitates precise target control for training with various small arms.
• Complementary Facility: The shooting range complements the upcoming range at a government school in Kalkaji, enhancing accessibility for NCC cadets.

About National Cadet Corps (NCC):

• Established: 1948
• Objective: To nurture young citizens with leadership, discipline, and a sense of national service, aiming to develop a pool of trained youth ready to serve the nation in various capacities.

International news

India-UK Collaboration on Electric Propulsion Systems for Indian Navy

India and the United Kingdom (UK) signed a Statement of Intent (SOI) to collaborate on Design & Development of Electric Propulsion Systems for the Indian Navy(IN).

 The signing was part of the third Joint Working Group on Electric Propulsion Capability Partnership (JWG EPCP) meeting, symbolising the commitment to promote indigenous development of niche technologies.

Key Highlights:

• Statement of Intent (SOI): India and the UK signed an SOI to collaborate on the design and development of Electric Propulsion Systems for the Indian Navy (IN).
• Objective: The agreement aims to promote the indigenous development of electric propulsion systems for future naval ships.

Major Provisions of the SOI:

• Co-Design, Co-Creation, and Co-Production: The agreement sets a framework for collaborative work in electric propulsion technology.
• Rolls-Royce MT-30 Gas Turbines: The deal includes the use of Rolls-Royce MT-30 turbines in Indian warships, similar to those used in the UK’s HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales.
• Future Projects: The first project involves building Landing Platform Docks (LPDs) at an Indian shipyard, designed with a Full Electric Propulsion System.
• Context: The SOI follows the visit of Catherine West, the British Minister for Indo-Pacific, to India in November 2024, further strengthening defense relations between the two nations.

About the Indian Navy’s Current Propulsion Systems:

The IN currently uses gas turbine, diesel, and some steam engines in its assets, with systems sourced from the USA, Russia, and Ukraine.

About the United Kingdom (UK):

• Prime Minister: Keir Starmer
• Capital: London
• Currency: British Pound Sterling (GBP)

BRICS Sherpa and Sous-Sherpa Meeting in Ekaterinburg, Russia – November 2024

• The final Sherpa and Sous-Sherpa meeting of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) took place from 27th to 28th November 2024 in Ekaterinburg, Russia.
• Chairmanship Handover: The meeting marked the ceremonial handover of the BRICS chairmanship from Russia to Brazil, concluding Russia’s leadership in 2024.

Key Highlights:

• Progress in Various Sectors: Sergey Ryabkov, Russia’s Deputy Foreign Minister and BRICS Sherpa, highlighted BRICS’ advancements in politics, security, economics, and humanitarian efforts.
• Over 250 Events: Russia organized more than 250 events aimed at enhancing cooperation within BRICS during its presidency.

Key Accomplishments Under Russia’s Leadership:

Agreements Signed:

• Establishment of a BRICS grain exchange.
• Formation of a contact group on climate and sustainable development.
• Launch of a geological, technological, and investment platform.
• Creation of a working group on nuclear medicine.

XVI BRICS Summit in Kazan (22-24 October 2024):

Adoption of the Kazan Declaration.

• BRICS Expansion: Egypt, Iran, UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Ethiopia became full members in 2024.
• New BRICS Partners: Belarus, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand joined as BRICS partners.
• The meeting in Ekaterinburg symbolized the transition of leadership, reflecting the continued strengthening of BRICS as a global bloc.

Brics:

• Founders: Russia, China, India, Brazil
• Founded: 16 June 2009
• Official languages: English, Arabic, Amharic, Chinese, Russian, Hindi, Persian, Portuguese

Economy news

Morgan Stanley Cuts India’s FY25 GDP Growth to 6.3%

Morgan Stanley has revised India’s GDP growth projection for FY25 down to 6.3%, from its previous estimate of 6.7%. This downward revision comes after India’s GDP growth slowed to 5.4% in the July-September 2024 quarter, marking its lowest level since March 2023. This reflects a broader economic slowdown, driven by weaker private consumption and capital expenditure (capex), though the services sector showed resilience. Despite this dip, Morgan Stanley maintains optimism for a recovery in the latter half of FY25, expecting growth to average 6.6%, fueled by government spending, improved rural demand, and easing financial conditions.

Key Points from the Latest Revision

Slowdown in Q2 FY25: India’s GDP growth slowed to 5.4% YoY in Q2, the lowest since March 2023, primarily due to weaker private consumption and subdued capital expenditure (capex).

Sector Performance:

• Private Consumption: Grew by 6%.
• Capex: Lower growth at 5.4%.
• Services Sector: Expanded by 7.1%, showing resilience.

Industry: Lagged with only a 3.9% increase, driven by declines in manufacturing and electricity generation.

Monetary Policy and Liquidity Measures

• RBI’s Role: Interest Rates: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is expected to keep interest rates unchanged in its December 6 review, with inflation projected to ease to 5-5.5% in the next two months.
• Liquidity Measures: The RBI may implement liquidity-enhancing measures like open market operations (OMO) to address tight banking system liquidity.

Banking news

RBI Increases UPI Lite Wallet and Transaction Limits

In a bid to enhance digital payments, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has raised the UPI Lite wallet limit to Rs 5,000, with an increase in the per-transaction limit to Rs 1,000. This adjustment, announced after the RBI’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting on October 9, 2024, aims to promote wider adoption of UPI Lite and ease offline transactions, providing a more seamless experience for users.

Key Changes

• Per-Transaction Limit: Increased from ₹500 to ₹1,000, enabling higher-value offline payments.
• Total Wallet Limit: Raised from ₹2,000 to ₹5,000, allowing users to store more funds for small-value transactions.
• Replenishment: Can only be done online, secured with Additional Factor Authentication (AFA) for enhanced security.

Impact on UPI Lite and Offline Transactions

• Facilitates offline small-value payments without a UPI PIN or internet connection.
• Expected to drive adoption in areas with limited connectivity, offering seamless digital payment options.

UPI Growth and Global Expansion

International Reach: Active in Sri Lanka, Mauritius, and Singapore, with talks underway for adoption in over 20 countries across Africa and South America.

Transaction Growth:

• October 2024: 516 million daily transactions worth ₹71,840 crore.
• Continued robust growth despite slight fluctuations in volume and value.
• This initiative underscores RBI’s commitment to advancing digital payments and enhancing user convenience through UPI Lite.

RBI:

• Founded: 1 April 1935, Kolkata
• Governor: Shaktikanta Das

Science and tech news

Successful Nationwide Launch of e-Daakhil Portal for Consumer Grievance Redressal

The e-Daakhil portal, launched by the Department of Consumer Affairs (DoCA), Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution (MoCAF&PD), has been successfully implemented across all States and Union Territories (UTs) of India. The final launch was carried out in Ladakh on 22nd November 2024 by Lieutenant Governor Brig. (Dr.) B.D. Mishra (Retd.), making it a pan-India initiative.

Key Features of e-Daakhil:

• Launched initially on 7th September 2020 by the National Consumer Dispute Redressal Commission (NCDRC) to simplify the consumer grievance process.
• Provides a cost-effective, quick, and paperless method for filing complaints, eliminating the need for physical appearances.
• Offers an easy-to-use interface for users to file complaints, track their status, and make payments.
• Promotes transparency and a hassle-free, online mechanism for filing cases.

Current Statistics:

• Over 2.81 lakh users registered on the portal.
• 1,98,725 cases filed, with 38,453 cases disposed of.

The government is also planning to introduce a new initiative, “e-Jagriti”, to further enhance the consumer grievance redressal process.

National Consumer Dispute Redressal Commission (NCDRC)

• Established: 1988 under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
• Nature: A quasi-judicial commission tasked with resolving consumer disputes.
• President: Justice Amreshwar Pratap Sahi.
• Headquarters: New Delhi, Delhi.

Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution (MoCAF&PD)

• Union Minister: Pralhad Joshi (Constituency: Dharwad, Karnataka).

Ministers of State (MOS):

• Banwari Lal Verma (Rajya Sabha – Uttar Pradesh).
• Nimuben Jayantibhai Bambhaniya (Constituency: Bhavnagar, Gujarat).

Ranks and report news

Anna University Tops Among Indian Universities in THE’s Inaugural Interdisciplinary Science Rankings (ISR) 2025

Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, has secured the 42nd position globally with an overall score of 66.1, making it the only Indian university to feature in the top 50 of the list.

Top Global Universities:

• 1st: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA, with a score of 92.4.
• 2nd: Stanford University, USA.
• 3rd: National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore.

India’s Representation:

India has 65 universities featured in the rankings, making it the most represented country. However, no Indian university made it to the top 10 or top 20.

Regional Representation in Top 100:

• Asia leads with 47 institutions from 15 countries.
• Followed by Europe (24), North America (17), Africa (5), Oceania (4), and South America (3).

About Times Higher Education (THE):

• Formerly: The Times Higher Education Supplement (The THES).
• Focus: News and issues related to higher education.
• CEO: Paul Howarth.
• Headquarters: London, United Kingdom.

Defence news

Adani Defence Delivers 2nd Drishti-10 Drone to Indian Navy for Maritime Security

Adani Defence has delivered the second Drishti-10 Starliner surveillance drone to the Indian Navy, enhancing the nation’s maritime capabilities. This marks a significant leap in India’s indigenous defence technology, underscoring the country’s focus on self-reliance. The Drishti-10 drone is a highly advanced intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) platform designed to monitor vast maritime territories, mitigate piracy, and provide over-the-horizon surveillance with unmatched endurance.

Key Features of Drishti-10 Starliner Drone

Endurance & Payload: 36-hour endurance and a 450 kg payload capacity for extended surveillance.

All-Weather Capability: Certified with NATO STANAG 4671, allowing operation in both segregated and unsegregated airspace.

Advanced Surveillance: Supports multi-payload, fully autonomous operations with satellite communication, crucial for maritime security and surveillance.

Strategic Significance

• Indigenous Capability: The Drishti-10 highlights India’s advancing indigenous UAV technologies, showcasing resilience in harsh terrains like the Himalayas.
• Rapid Progress: Adani Defence delivered the MALE UAV in under three years, a milestone typically achieved in five to six years in the industry.
• Strategic Interests: This delivery strengthens India’s maritime surveillance capabilities, marking a significant step toward self-reliance in defence technology and enhancing national security.

Important days

World Soil Day 2024: Understanding Its Importance and Combating Soil Degradation

World Soil Day, observed annually on 5th December, highlights the importance of healthy soil and advocates for the sustainable management of soil resources. This global event aims to raise awareness about soil conservation and its role in sustaining life on Earth.

Background

• Inception: Proposed by the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS) in 2002.
• Endorsement: In 2013, the FAO Conference endorsed it, and the UN General Assembly officially recognized December 5 as World Soil Day in 2014.
• Significance of Date: December 5 honors the birth anniversary of H.M King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand, a strong supporter of soil conservation. After his passing in 2016, the day became a tribute to his leadership.
• Theme for 2024: “Caring for Soils: Measure, Monitor, Manage”

Focus: The theme emphasizes the importance of measuring, monitoring, and managing soil health for sustainable agriculture and food security.

Importance of Soil

• Supports Plant Life: Provides essential nutrients, water, and minerals.
• Biodiversity: Home to millions of microorganisms and insects.
• Food Production: Critical for producing 95% of the world’s food.
• Climate Mitigation: Soils help store carbon and combat climate change.
• Water Filtration: Soils filter water and recycle nutrients.

Significance: World Soil Day advocates for sustainable soil management, ensuring the long-term health of ecosystems and the planet.

International Volunteer Day 2024: Date, History and Theme

International Volunteer Day is celebrated annually on December 5 by the United Nations (UN) to recognize the vital contributions of volunteers to economic and social development.

Goal: This day highlights the transformative power of volunteerism in addressing global challenges and advancing progress at local, national, and international levels.

Theme for 2024: “Diverse Volunteers, Stronger Communities”

• Focus: Emphasizes the essential role of diverse volunteers in creating inclusive and resilient communities.
• SDG Contribution: Volunteerism is critical in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by fostering participation, bridging gaps, and encouraging collaboration across generations.

History of International Volunteer Day

• 1985: UN General Assembly established International Volunteer Day through Resolution 40/212, urging governments to observe it on December 5 annually.
• 1997: International Year of Volunteers (IYV) was proclaimed in 2001, recognizing the work of volunteers and aiming to enhance their support.
• 2001: Set recommendations for governments and the UN system to encourage volunteer support and recognition.
• 2002: Strengthened the UN Volunteers (UNV) programme to maximize the potential of IVD.
• 2008: Marked the 10th Anniversary of IYV with special UN sessions.

UN Volunteers Programme in 2024

• 13,000+ on-site volunteers served with 70+ UN entities.
• A record 10,000 online volunteers contributed from 180 countries, showcasing the importance of volunteer diversity in achieving global development objectives.

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We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 5th December current affairs 2024, curated from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs December 2024 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation.

National news

India Welcomes Its 57th Tiger Reserve: Ratapani Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh

The Union Minister for Environment, Forest, and Climate Change, Shri Bhupender Yadav, has officially announced the notification of the Ratapani Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh as India’s 57th Tiger Reserve. This remarkable step emphasizes India’s commitment to tiger conservation and highlights the nation’s dedication to preserving its rich biodiversity.

Details of Ratapani Tiger Reserve

Geographical Details:

• Core Area: 763.8 sq km
• Buffer Area: 507.6 sq km
• Total Area: 1,271.4 sq km

Location: Spans across the forests of Ratapani, Bhopal, and Sehore in Madhya Pradesh.

State Significance:

• Ratapani is the 8th tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh.
• Reinforces Madhya Pradesh’s title as the “Tiger State of India.”

Ecological Importance:

• Boasts rich biodiversity and serves as a critical habitat for tigers and other wildlife.
• Focuses on enhancing wildlife management and providing secure habitats.
• Conservation Initiatives for Ratapani

Standard Protection and Habitat Management:

• Enhanced security measures for flora and fauna.
• Implementation of scientific habitat management to maintain a balanced ecosystem.

India’s Commitment to Tiger Conservation

Madhya Pradesh’s Role:

• Madhya Pradesh hosts 8 tiger reserves, including Kanha, Bandhavgarh, Pench, Panna, and now Ratapani.
• Plays a pivotal role in India’s tiger conservation strategy.

Project Tiger:

• Launched in 1973, it has significantly expanded over the years.
• Provides critical protection to tigers, ensuring their survival and habitat preservation.

Madhya Pradesh:

• Capital: Bhopal (Executive Branch)
• Governor: Mangubhai C. Patel
• Chief minister: Mohan Yadav

Mahila Samman Savings Certificate: Empowering Women Financially

As of 31st October 2024, the Mahila Samman Savings Certificate (MSSC) scheme has achieved a significant milestone with over 43 lakh accounts opened. Launched on 31st March 2023 by the Government of India to commemorate the ‘Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav’, the scheme aims to provide financial security to women and minor girls, empowering them with a safe and attractive investment option. This initiative is part of the broader goal of enhancing financial inclusion and supporting the financial independence of women across the nation.

• Objective: Provide financial security to women and minor girls, empowering them with a safe and attractive investment option.
• Occasion: Launched to commemorate the ‘Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav.’
• Milestone: As of 31st October 2024, over 43 lakh accounts have been opened.
• Broader Goal: Enhance financial inclusion and support women’s financial independence across India.

Key Features of MSSC Scheme

Eligibility: Women or guardians of minor girls can open an account.

Deposit Limits:

• Minimum Deposit: ₹1,000
• Maximum Deposit: ₹2,00,000

Interest Rate: Rate: 7.5% per annum (compounded quarterly).

Tenure: Fixed at 2 years from the date of deposit.

Flexibility: Partial Withdrawals: Up to 40% of the balance is allowed.

Premature Closure: Permitted on compassionate grounds (e.g., medical emergencies, death of the account holder).

Significance of the Scheme

• Promotes women’s financial empowerment by offering a secure and lucrative savings option.
• Contributes to financial inclusion and supports the broader objective of gender equality in economic participation.
• Enhances access to financial products tailored to the needs of women and minor girls.

Kirti Vardhan Singh Launches Nano Bubble Tech to Purify Delhi Zoo Pond Water

Union Minister of State for Environment, Forest, and Climate Change, Kirti Vardhan Singh, inaugurated a 15-day trial of Nano Bubble Technology at the National Zoological Park in Delhi on Tuesday. This initiative is aimed at improving the water quality in the zoo’s ponds to benefit aquatic animals by removing algae, foul odors, and discoloration often caused by polluted water. The success of this trial could lead to the broader implementation of the technology to ensure cleaner, healthier water for the animals.

Objective:

• Improve water quality in zoo ponds to benefit aquatic animals like gharials and marsh crocodiles.
• Address issues of algae, foul odors, and discoloration caused by water pollution.

Technology Highlights:

• Nano Bubble Technology: Uses microscopic bubbles to purify water, removing algae and organic growth.
• Ensures cleaner water for better animal health and visibility.

Expected Benefits:

• Aquatic Animal Health: Cleaner water improves health and well-being.
• Visitor Experience: Enhances visibility of aquatic animals.
• Supports long-term sustainability of zoo habitats.

Economy news

Government Ends Windfall Tax on Crude Oil and Petroleum Exports

The Indian government has abolished the windfall tax on crude petroleum oil, petrol, diesel, and Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF), effective November 2, 2024. Additionally, the Road and Infrastructure Cess on the export of petrol and diesel has been scrapped. Initially imposed on July 1, 2022, to curb abnormal profits by oil companies during the Russia-Ukraine war, the tax aimed to stabilize domestic supplies and fund welfare programs. However, its removal follows a review by the PMO, Revenue Department, and Petroleum Ministry, citing stabilizing crude prices and reduced revenue from the tax.

Overview of the Windfall Tax

Imposed On: Crude petroleum oil, petrol, diesel, and Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF).

Initial Purpose:

• Curb excessive profits of oil companies during the Russia-Ukraine war.
• Stabilize domestic supplies of refined petroleum products.
• Generate revenue for government welfare programs.

Duration: Introduced on July 1, 2022, and scrapped on November 2, 2024.

Impact and Revenue Utilization

Domestic Market Impact:

• Discouraged exports to prioritize domestic supply.
• Aimed to control domestic fuel prices.

Revenue Generated:

• ₹25,000 crore in 2022-23.
• Declined to ₹6,000 crore in 2024-25.
• Funds were allocated for welfare programs.

Ranks and report news

India’s Tiger Population Doubles Since 2006, Reaches 3,682 in 2022

India’s tiger population has grown remarkably, reaching 3,682 in 2022 from 1,411 in 2006, doubling in just over 15 years. The rise reflects a significant annual increase of 6% in consistently monitored areas, with numbers rising from 2,967 in 2018. This achievement has been driven by focused conservation efforts under Project Tiger and measures implemented by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), the Parliament was informed.

• Tiger Population: Increased from 1,411 in 2006 to 3,682 in 2022, doubling in over 15 years.
• Annual Growth: 6% increase in consistently monitored areas since 2018 (from 2,967 to 3,682).
• Key Drivers: Focused conservation under Project Tiger and measures by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).

Regional Tiger Population Trends (2018–2022)

Central Indian and Eastern Ghats Landscapes:

• Growth: 1,033 to 1,439 tigers.

Notable Increases:

• Madhya Pradesh: 526 to 785.
• Maharashtra: 312 to 444.
• Declines: Odisha, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand.

Shivalik-Gangetic Plains:

• Growth: 646 to 819 tigers.
• Contribution: Uttarakhand (442 to 560).

Sundarbans: Marginal increase: 88 to 101 tigers.

Northeastern Decline: Arunachal Pradesh: Dropped from 29 to 9 tigers.

Project Tiger and Legislative Framework

Project Tiger:

• Funds allocated based on Tiger Conservation Plans (TCPs).
• Mandated by the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
• Focus on habitat improvement, tiger dispersal, and conflict reduction.

Wildlife Protection:

• Tigers listed under Schedule-I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 for the highest degree of protection.
• Critical tiger habitats declared as Protected Areas.

India Emerges as Prime Global Target for Mobile Malware Attacks

According to a recently published Zscaler ThreatLabz 2024 Mobile IoT and OT Threat report, India has emerged as the most targeted country for mobile malware attacks. The Report, published by the cloud security company Zscaler Inc. on 3rd December 2024, analysed security attacks by hackers on mobile and IoT/OT from June 2023 to May 2024.

India’s Mobile Malware Vulnerability:

• India accounts for 28% of all global mobile malware attacks, making it the most targeted country.
• In the Asia Pacific region, India is responsible for 66.5% of mobile malware attacks.
• India’s global ranking has risen from third in 2023 to first in 2024 in terms of mobile malware attacks.

Global Malware Landscape:

• After India, the United States ranks second for mobile malware attacks, followed by Canada, South Africa, and the Netherlands.
• United States remains the top target for Internet of Things (IoT) attacks, followed by Singapore, United Kingdom, Germany, and Canada.

India’s Malware Origin:

• Within the Asia Pacific region, India ranked seventh as the origin of malware attacks, down from fifth in the previous year.
• The major origin of malware in the region is Singapore, followed by China and South Korea.

Cybersecurity in India

Key Laws and Agencies Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000:

Purpose: Governs cybersecurity, data protection, and cybercrime in India.

Key Features:

• Provides statutory recognition to electronic transactions and communications.
• Safeguards electronic data and prevents unlawful use of computer systems.
• Criminalizes activities like hacking, malware attacks, identity fraud, and phishing.

Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In):

• Established: January 2004 under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
• Role: Acts as the national nodal agency for responding to cybersecurity incidents in India.

Key Functions:

• Collects, analyzes, and disseminates information about cybersecurity threats.
• Provides emergency response and remediation measures to combat cyberattacks.

Conclusion: The Zscaler ThreatLabz 2024 report highlights India’s growing vulnerability to mobile malware attacks, underlining the need for enhanced cybersecurity measures and vigilance. As India continues to be a major target for cybercriminals, strengthening the IT Act and enhancing CERT-In’s role in national cybersecurity will be crucial for tackling these threats.

Scheme news

SheSTEM 2024: Empowering Youth-Led Innovation for a Sustainable Future

Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) and the Swedish Embassy, in collaboration with Nordic partners like Innovation Norway, Innovation Centre Denmark, and Business Finland, successfully concluded SheSTEM 2024. This initiative, aimed at inspiring young innovators, celebrated the contributions of women in STEM fields and invited students from grades 6–12 across India to present innovative ideas on Battery Technology and Energy Storage (BEST) systems. The event was part of the India-Nordic BEST project, designed to foster sustainability through advancements in energy storage technologies.

Highlights of SheSTEM 2024

Innovation Challenge:

• Students submitted prototypes or concepts for energy storage solutions via two-minute videos.
• Over 1,000 creative submissions received.

Global Collaboration:

• Part of the India-Nordic BEST project.
• Focused on sustainability and energy storage advancements.
• Swedish Ambassador Jan Thesleff and AIM Mission Director Dr. Chintan Vaishnav highlighted the event’s global impact.

Platform for Future Leaders:

• Encouraged youth engagement in STEM and sustainability.
• Aimed to shape future leaders in science and technology.

AIM’s Contribution to Innovation

• Promoting STEM Education: Initiatives like SheSTEM foster innovation and entrepreneurial culture.
• Supporting Youth Talent: Provides platforms for students to address pressing global challenges.
• Advancing Sustainability: Focuses on solutions for a sustainable, technology-driven world.

Appointment news

Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah elected 5th & first female President of Namibia

Namibia made history when it elected its first woman president, Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah. The current Vice President will succeed the interim President, Nangolo Mbumba. Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah was promoted to Vice President in February this year after President Hage Geingob died in office.

According to the Namibian Electoral Commission, Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah secured 57% of the votes, while her closest rival, Panduleni Itula, got 26%.

About Namibia

• Namibia is located on the southwestern coast of Africa and gained independence from South Africa in 1990.
• Initially, it was called South West Africa, and after independence, it was renamed Namibia.
• Namibia’s total population is around 30 lakhs, and it is one of the most sparsely populated countries in Africa.
• Namibia is a harsh place to live as both the Namib and Kalahari deserts straddle the country.
• Capital:  Windhoek
• Currency: Namibian Dollar

Once sworn in, Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah will be the second woman to be the President of Africa. Samia Suluhu Hassan of Tanzania is currently Africa’s only female President

Sports news

India Wins 5th Men’s Hockey Junior Asia Cup After Defeating Pakistan

The Indian squash community mourns the loss of Brigadier Raj Manchanda, a legendary figure affectionately known as the ‘Old Fox,’ who passed away on December 1, 2024, in Delhi. At the age of 80, Manchanda leaves behind an inspiring legacy marked by unparalleled achievements, resilience, and contributions to the sport. He was cremated with Military Honours at Brar Square in Delhi.

Life and Legacy

• Affectionately called the ‘Old Fox’, Brigadier Manchanda passed away at 80 in Delhi on December 1, 2024.
• Cremated with Military Honours at Brar Square, Delhi.

Award news

Maria Victoria Juan Wins Aster Guardians Global Nursing Award 2024

Nurse Maria Victoria Juan has been honoured with the Aster Guardians Global Nursing Award 2024, a prestigious recognition that celebrates exceptional contributions to the nursing profession worldwide. Maria, whose career has been a testament to dedication and resilience, was chosen for this award for her outstanding efforts in transforming the healthcare landscape, particularly in the Philippine Army Health Services and the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

Award Recognition

• Honored for her transformative contributions to healthcare, particularly in military and conflict settings.
• Recognized for her leadership, dedication, and innovation in nursing.

Key Contributions

Aeromedical Evacuation System:

• Pioneered the first aeromedical evacuation system in the Philippines.
• Enhanced survival rates in conflict zones by ensuring rapid medical transport.
• Oversaw its development as the Chief Nurse of the Philippine Army.

Pandemic Response:

• Organized the Endurun Mega Swabbing Center during COVID-19.
• Facilitated nearly 500,000 tests, contributing to the country’s pandemic containment efforts.

Environmental Health Initiatives:

• Implemented vetiver grass technology to combat soil erosion and water pollution.
• Promoted sustainable public health solutions.

Global Impact

• Maria’s achievements, praised by Dr. Azad Moopen of Aster DM Healthcare, set a global benchmark for nursing excellence.
• Her work has been transformative for both military and civilian healthcare systems.

Science and tech news

China Opens First Atmospheric Monitoring Station in Antarctica

China has inaugurated its first atmospheric monitoring station in Antarctica, marking a significant expansion of its research presence on the continent. Located in Larsmann Hills, East Antarctica, the Zhongshan National Atmospheric Background Station aims to provide continuous and long-term observations of atmospheric components, contributing valuable data on climate change and the impact of human activity on the environment. This station supports China’s growing role in Antarctic research, aligning with its broader goals as a ‘polar power.’

Overview

• Location: Larsmann Hills, East Antarctica.
• Station Name: Zhongshan National Atmospheric Background Station.

Purpose:

• Continuous, long-term atmospheric observations.
• Provide data on climate change and human environmental impact.

Strategic Value: Enhances China’s role in Antarctic research and climate studies.

China’s Expanding Antarctic Presence

Network of Stations:

• Zhongshan joins China’s six Antarctic research stations.
• Ross Sea research station inaugurated earlier this year.

Strategic Vision:

• Focus on scientific research and resource exploration (minerals, petroleum, and natural gas).
• Aligns with China’s aspirations to be a “polar power.”

Antarctic Treaty and Future Implications

Treaty Overview:

• Demilitarizes the continent and promotes scientific cooperation.
• Restricts mining and resource extraction until 2048.

China’s Position:

• Balances environmental protection with resource interests.
• Prepares for potential future changes to the treaty.

Obituary news

Brigadier Raj Manchanda: The ‘Old Fox’ of Indian Squash Passes Away at 80

The Indian squash community mourns the loss of Brigadier Raj Manchanda, a legendary figure affectionately known as the ‘Old Fox,’ who passed away on December 1, 2024, in Delhi. At the age of 80, Manchanda leaves behind an inspiring legacy marked by unparalleled achievements, resilience, and contributions to the sport. He was cremated with Military Honours at Brar Square in Delhi.

Life and Legacy

• Affectionately called the ‘Old Fox’, Brigadier Manchanda passed away at 80 in Delhi on December 1, 2024.
• Cremated with Military Honours at Brar Square, Delhi.

Achievements in Squash

National Success:

• Six-time National Champion (1977–1982).
• Started playing squash in his 30s, demonstrating unmatched dedication and talent.
• Recipient of the prestigious Arjuna Award.

International Representation: Achieved fourth place at the 1984 Asian Championships in Jordan.

Tributes: Cyrus Poncha, Secretary of the Squash Rackets Federation of India, hailed him as a trailblazer:“He was one of the pioneers from Services to take squash seriously and did really well.”