Author: Balaguru Mamundi

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National news

India’s iSNR: Setting Global Standards in Sustainable Rubber

On January 21, 2025, in Kottayam, Kerala, India unveiled the Indian Sustainable Natural Rubber (iSNR) initiative, aiming to establish new global benchmarks in sustainable rubber production. The launch event was graced by George Kurian, Minister of State for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, Dairying, and Minority Affairs, and presided over by Thiruvanchur Radhakrishnan, Member of the Legislative Assembly. Notable attendees included G. Anil Kumar, Vice Chairman of the Rubber Board, and N. Hari, Member of the Rubber Board.

Key Objectives:

• Zero-Cost Certification: Free certification for farmers to encourage participation.
• Global Compliance: Aligns with European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) to meet international sustainability standards.

Strategic Focus Areas:

• Deforestation Prevention: Commitments to zero deforestation, supporting biodiversity and carbon sequestration.
• Farmer Empowerment: Training and certification to improve yields, reduce environmental impact, and boost livelihoods.
• Supply Chain Traceability: Ensures ethical and sustainable sourcing from farm to factory.

Technology Partner:

TRST01

• Digital Monitoring: Real-time compliance with EUDR and sustainable practices.
• Simplified Processes: Streamlined certification for farmers and exporters.

Significance:

• Promotes India’s adherence to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Climate Agreement.
• Establishes India as a leader in sustainable natural rubber production globally.

International Conference Marks 125 Years of Solar Physics Research in India

An international conference titled ‘Sun, Space Weather, and Solar-Stellar Connections’ was held in Bengaluru from January 20 to 24, 2025, to commemorate the 125th anniversary of the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KSO). Organized by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), the event gathered over 200 solar physicists from India and abroad to discuss advancements in solar magnetism, solar-stellar connections, and space weather.

Historical Significance of Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KSO):

Established: 1899

Contributions:

• Extensive photographic records of solar phenomena like sunspots, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections.
• Pioneered solar astrophysics research in India.
• Unique location and advanced equipment have significantly advanced global understanding of the Sun’s behavior and its influence on Earth.

Key Highlights from the Conference:

Digitization of Historic Records:

• Prof. Abhay Karandikar (DST Secretary) emphasized the digitization of KSO’s archives.
• Highlighted IIA’s contributions to ISRO’s Aditya-L1 mission and plans for the National Large Solar Telescope in Ladakh.

ISRO’s Support:

• A.S. Kiran Kumar (Former ISRO Chairman) stressed ISRO’s capabilities in supporting space-based solar research.
• Invited proposals for new solar research instruments for future ISRO missions.

International Collaboration:

• Over 200 solar physicists participated, fostering international cooperation.
• Notable presentations, including Prof. John Leibacher (National Solar Observatory, USA), praised KSO’s contributions to global solar research.

Legacy and Future Directions:

• KSO remains central to Indian astronomy, with significant contributions to solar astrophysics.
• Ongoing projects like Aditya-L1 and the proposed National Large Solar Telescope aim to expand India’s leadership in solar physics.
• The conference underscored India’s commitment to advancing solar research through innovation and international collaboration.

“Hamara Samvidhan – Hamara Swabhiman” Campaign

The “Hamara Samvidhan – Hamara Swabhiman” campaign, launched on January 24, 2024, by the Hon’ble Vice President of India at the Dr. B.R. Ambedkar International Centre in New Delhi, commemorates the 75th anniversary of India’s Constitution and its establishment as a Republic. This year-long initiative aims to deepen citizens’ understanding of the Constitution and promote legal empowerment across the nation.

Campaign Objectives:

• To deepen citizens’ understanding of India’s Constitution.
• To promote legal empowerment across the nation, emphasizing the significance of legal awareness and citizens’ rights.

Key Highlights of the Campaign:

Nationwide Participation: Over 1.3 lakh citizens took the Panch Pran Pledge on the MyGov platform, committing to nation-building.

Legal Awareness Initiatives: Under the Gram Vidhi Chetna initiative, law students organized legal awareness activities in adopted villages, reaching approximately 21,000 beneficiaries.

Engagement with Marginalized Communities: Nari Bhagidari and Vanchit Varg Samman initiatives reached over 70 lakh individuals through webinars, empowering women and marginalized communities in legal and social matters.

Youth Involvement: The Nav Bharat Nav Sankalp campaign conducted interactive competitions, inspiring youth to take responsibility for a better future and increasing their engagement in national development.

Regional Events and Outreach:

• Locations: Bikaner (Rajasthan), Prayagraj (Uttar Pradesh), Guwahati (Assam).
• Attendance: Over 5,000 attendees at each regional event, with 8 lakh citizens engaged through sub-campaigns like Sabko Nyaya Har Ghar Nyaya, Nav Bharat Nav Sankalp, and Vidhi Jagriti Abhiyaan.
• Concluding Event in Prayagraj (January 24, 2025):
• Location: Parmarth Triveni Pushp, Arail Ghat, Prayagraj (coinciding with the Maha Kumbh Mela).

Key Activities:

• Release of Achievement Booklet: Documenting the campaign’s progress, including events, activities, and achievements throughout the year.
• Launch of 2025 Calendar: Reflecting the campaign’s themes and initiatives.
• Unveiling of Campaign Movie: Showcasing the year-long journey of the Hamara Samvidhan – Hamara Swabhiman campaign through audio-visuals.

International news

Trump Administration Officially Changes Name of Gulf of Mexico to Gulf of America

Trump administration has officially changed the name of the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of America as part of a series of executive actions aimed at fulfilling campaign promises. This decision was announced by the Interior Department on a Friday, hours after President Donald Trump took office, marking the beginning of a new chapter for U.S. territorial names and symbols. Another prominent change was the renaming of Denali, Alaska’s towering peak, back to its former name, Mount McKinley. These actions reflect the administration’s focus on reaffirming the nation’s historical heritage and honoring the legacy of significant figures and places.

Name Change to the Gulf of America:

Symbolism and Nationalism:

The name change reflects Trump’s administration’s focus on reasserting U.S. authority over its territories and resources. This change is seen as part of a broader nationalistic agenda to reaffirm American identity and honor the nation’s historical heritage.

International Controversy:

• The Gulf of Mexico, bordered by Mexico, the United States, and Cuba, has long been internationally recognized by this name.
• The name change, while symbolic of U.S. sovereignty, has sparked debate, especially concerning its international implications.
• Mexico has voiced strong concerns about the renaming, emphasizing that Gulf of Mexico is a historically recognized name used in international maritime navigation, trade, and cartography. The new title, they argue, could cause confusion in global communication and trade, especially considering the Gulf’s critical role as a key maritime route.

U.S. Geological Survey Actions:

• Despite Mexico’s objections, the U.S. Geological Survey has been directed by President Trump to update official U.S. government documents and maps to reflect the new title, Gulf of America.
• However, it is expected that the international community will continue using the traditional name, Gulf of Mexico, as it remains entrenched in global cartography and maritime law.

Other Symbolic Changes:

Renaming of Denali to Mount McKinley:

• In addition to renaming the Gulf of Mexico, the Trump administration also reversed the Obama-era decision to rename Mount McKinley (the highest peak in Alaska) back to its original name, Denali.
• This move is part of the administration’s broader effort to celebrate American legacy and honor historical figures and places.

Ranks and report news

NITI Aayog Unveils Fiscal Health Index 2025 in New Delhi

On January 24, 2025, NITI Aayog introduced the inaugural “Fiscal Health Index (FHI) 2025” in New Delhi. This comprehensive report evaluates the fiscal health of 18 major Indian states, aiming to guide policy reforms for sustainable and resilient economic growth.

Key Highlights of the Fiscal Health Index 2025:

Top-Ranked States:

• Odisha leads the index with a score of 67.8, followed by Chhattisgarh (55.2) and Goa (53.6). These states have excelled in areas such as:
• Revenue mobilization
• Expenditure management
• Debt sustainability

States with Areas of Improvement:

• Jharkhand has made significant strides in fiscal prudence and debt sustainability, showing progress compared to previous years.
• Karnataka faces challenges due to weaker performance in areas like expenditure quality and debt management.

Insights from Key Officials:

• Dr. Arvind Panagariya (Chairman, 16th Finance Commission):
• Emphasized that states should follow a stable fiscal path for balanced regional development and long-term sustainability.
• Highlighted that the FHI provides a systematic approach to measuring fiscal performance at the state level, offering valuable insights into broader fiscal trends across India.

Shri Suman Bery (Vice Chairman, NITI Aayog):

• Stated that the FHI is not just a ranking but a tool for improvement, designed to help states assess and enhance their fiscal health.
• Explained that the index serves as a framework to evaluate state economies’ financial well-being through key fiscal indicators.

Shri B.V.R. Subrahmanyam (CEO, NITI Aayog):

• Announced that the FHI report will be instrumental in helping policymakers make informed decisions.
• Added that the report presents an objective picture of fiscal conditions across states, providing actionable insights to strengthen fiscal resilience and ensure sustainable development.

Defence news

Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh flags-off ‘SANJAY – The Battlefield Surveillance System’

Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh flagged off ‘SANJAY – The Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS)’ from the South Block, New Delhi. This indigenously developed system marks a major milestone in India’s defense technology, strengthening the surveillance capabilities of the Indian Army. SANJAY is designed to enhance battlefield transparency, improve situational awareness, and optimize intelligence collection, thus transforming the battlefield in the era of modern warfare.

Key Features and Functions:

Purpose:

• Enhances battlefield transparency and situational awareness.
• Strengthens Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities.

Functionality:

• Integrates inputs from ground and aerial sensors.
• Validates, de-duplicates, and fuses data to create a Common Surveillance Picture (CSP).
• Transmits CSP over a secured Army Data Network and Satellite Communication Network.

Capabilities:

• Operates in conventional and sub-conventional military scenarios.
• Detects intrusions along India’s land borders.
• Provides real-time battlefield insights for better decision-making.

Technological Highlights:

Centralized Web Application:

• Supplies critical data to Command and Army Headquarters.
• Integrates with the Indian Army’s Decision Support System, enabling strategic analysis.

Significance in Defense:

Operational Efficiency:

• Offers a seamless, real-time view of the battlefield to commanders.
• Acts as a force multiplier by optimizing surveillance and intelligence.

Indigenous Development:

• Developed under the ‘Make in India’ and ‘Aatmanirbharta’ initiatives.
• Represents India’s growing capability in designing and producing advanced defense technology.

Investment: The SANJAY BSS has been developed with an investment of Rs 2,402 crore, reflecting India’s commitment to modernizing its defense infrastructure.

Impact:

• Strengthens India’s defense preparedness in the era of modern warfare.
• Positions India as a leader in indigenous military innovation.

Operation Sard Hawa: BSF Intensifies Vigil on Pakistan Border

Ahead of Republic Day, the Border Security Force (BSF) has heightened its vigilance along the India-Pakistan border at Jaisalmer to prevent any potential infiltration attempts. The BSF has initiated a special operation named ‘Operation Sard Hawa’, starting on January 22, aimed at foiling infiltration efforts by taking advantage of the reduced visibility caused by the dense winter fog. The operation will continue until January 29, with a focus on strengthening security along the border during this critical period.

Purpose:

• To prevent infiltration attempts during the dense winter fog that reduces visibility.
• Enhance vigilance along the border to ensure security ahead of Republic Day celebrations.

Key Features of Operation Sard Hawa:

Season-Specific Focus:

• Designed to counter low visibility challenges caused by winter fog.
• Complements Operation Garam Hawa, conducted in summer to address heat-related border security challenges.

Enhanced Security Measures:

• Deployment of ultra-modern weapons and advanced technical instruments.
• Increased patrolling and monitoring to detect unauthorized crossings.

Technological Integration:

• Use of advanced surveillance systems for effective monitoring in low-visibility conditions.
• Ensures round-the-clock vigilance despite weather-related challenges.

Significance:

• Strengthens India’s border security during a critical period.
• Demonstrates the BSF’s proactive approach to adapting security measures to seasonal conditions.
• Reinforces India’s commitment to maintaining territorial integrity and national security.

Science and tech news

Reliance Industries to Build World’s Largest Data Centre in Jamnagar, Gujarat

Reliance Industries, led by Chairman Mukesh Ambani, is set to build the world’s largest data centre in Jamnagar, Gujarat. This ambitious project is poised to be a game-changer in India’s digital infrastructure, especially in terms of its rapidly expanding artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities. With this massive investment, Reliance aims to help India become more competitive on the global AI stage while contributing significantly to the nation’s digital and technological growth.

Strategic Importance of the Data Centre:

Digital Transformation Backbone:

• The Jamnagar data centre is crucial for India’s digital infrastructure, offering unprecedented storage, processing, and AI-driven capabilities.
• Expected to serve as a central hub for AI applications, machine learning, and other advanced technologies, it will support India’s growing digital needs.

Global AI Competitiveness: This facility will contribute significantly to India’s position in the global AI race, enhancing the country’s competitiveness by enabling advanced processing of vast datasets.

One-Gigawatt Capacity: With a capacity of one gigawatt, the data centre will be the largest of its kind in the world, underlining its importance for India’s AI and digital aspirations.

Reliance’s Partnership with NVIDIA:

AI Technology Leadership:

• NVIDIA, a global leader in AI technology, will provide Blackwell AI processors for the Jamnagar data centre.
• These processors are designed to accelerate AI computations, enabling the data centre to efficiently handle complex AI workloads.

Strategic Collaboration: The collaboration with NVIDIA highlights Reliance’s commitment to building cutting-edge AI infrastructure in India, reinforcing its vision to be at the forefront of the global AI landscape.

Sports news

Arshdeep Singh Becomes India’s Leading Wicket-Taker in T20Is

In a remarkable achievement, Arshdeep Singh has overtaken Yuzvendra Chahal to become India’s highest wicket-taker in T20 Internationals. This milestone was reached during the first T20I against England on January 22, 2025, at Eden Gardens in Kolkata.

Record-Breaking Performance:

• Milestone: Arshdeep Singh overtook Yuzvendra Chahal to become India’s highest wicket-taker in T20 Internationals.
• He achieved this feat by dismissing Ben Duckett of England, bringing his total to 97 wickets in 61 matches, surpassing Chahal’s tally of 96 wickets in 80 matches.
• Arshdeep’s achievement came 19 matches earlier than Chahal, highlighting his impressive strike rate and consistency

Madison Keys Wins Australian Open 2025 Women’s Champion

Madison Keys, the 29-year-old American tennis star, has made history by clinching her first-ever Grand Slam title at the 2025 Australian Open. In a nail-biting final, she defeated two-time defending champion Aryna Sabalenka with a scoreline of 6-3, 2-6, 7-5 in Melbourne. This victory has cemented her position as one of the most remarkable players of her generation. Here’s an in-depth look at the journey of Madison Keys, her achievements, and her rise to prominence.

Early Career and Professional Debut:

• Professional Debut (2009): Madison Keys made her professional debut at just 14 years old.
• ITF Circuit Titles: By 2010, she won her first title on the ITF circuit, followed by two more titles in 2012.

Breakthrough Year (2013): Madison broke into the WTA Top 100 for the first time, finishing 2013 ranked 39th in the world, signaling her arrival as a rising star in women’s tennis.

Science and tech news

ISRO Set To Launch Its 100th Satellite On Jan 29

India’s space agency, ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation), is preparing to make history with the launch of its 100th satellite. This milestone mission is set to take place on January 29 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, with the GSLV-F15 NVS-02 mission. This achievement marks a significant step for India in space exploration and satellite technology, reinforcing the country’s growing space capabilities.

Launch Details and Mission Overview:

• Rocket: The GSLV-F15 rocket, equipped with India’s Indigenous Cryogenic Stage, will carry the NVS-02 satellite into orbit.
• Orbit: The satellite will be placed into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).
• Launch Pad: The mission will take place from the Second Launch Pad (SLP) at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, ISRO’s main hub for space missions.

Significance of GSLV-F15:

• This is the 17th flight of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) and the 11th flight featuring the Indigenous Cryogenic Stage.
• The cryogenic stage has become a cornerstone in India’s rocket propulsion technology, with this being the 8th operational flight using the cryogenic stage.

ISRO:

• Headquarters: Bengaluru
• Founded: 15 August 1969
• Chairman: Dr. V. Narayanan

Appointment news

Micheál Martin Reappointed as Irish PM

Micheál Martin has been re-elected as Ireland’s Taoiseach (Prime Minister) following a parliamentary vote on January 23, 2025. This marks his second term, having previously served from 2020 to 2022. The vote concluded with 95 in favor and 76 against, leading to the formation of a coalition government comprising Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, and independent lawmakers.

Akhil Gupta Appointed as Chairman of Bharti AXA Life Insurance

In June 2024, Akhil Gupta, Vice Chairman of Bharti Enterprises, was appointed as the new Chairman of Bharti AXA Life Insurance. With over 40 years of experience, Gupta has been instrumental in the growth of Bharti Airtel and has led strategic partnerships with investors such as Warburg Pincus, Temasek, KKR, Qatar Foundation Endowment, AIF, and Sequoia Capital. He has also overseen the successful public listings of Bharti Airtel, Bharti Infratel, and Airtel Africa.

Ayushmann Khurrana Appointed Brand Ambassador for FICCI Frames 25th Anniversary Edition

FICCI Frames, India’s premier global media and entertainment convention, is gearing up to celebrate its 25th anniversary this year. This significant milestone in the history of the event marks a special moment for the media and entertainment industry, and in recognition of this achievement, renowned Bollywood actor Ayushmann Khurrana has been appointed as the brand ambassador for this year’s edition of FICCI Frames.

Ayushmann Khurrana’s Excitement and Commitment:

Honour of Being Brand Ambassador:

• Ayushmann Khurrana expressed immense pride and excitement at being named the first-ever Brand Ambassador for FICCI Frames during its 25th anniversary year.
• Khurrana reflected on his journey, sharing that coming from Chandigarh to Mumbai with just dreams in his eyes, he never imagined such a remarkable path, where his work has contributed to shaping India’s pop culture.

Commitment to FICCI Frames:

• The actor emphasized his dedication to working closely with the FICCI team to promote innovation, disruption, and excellence in the media and entertainment industry.
• Khurrana’s role will include championing disruption, celebrating industry innovations, and highlighting the achievements that the media and entertainment industry continues to deliver.

About FICCI Frames:

FICCI Frames is a global media and entertainment convention that serves as a premier platform to bring together industry leaders, innovators, and creators from across the globe. The 25th edition of this event promises to showcase India’s growing influence in the global media landscape and further solidify the country’s role as a hub of creativity and innovation in entertainment.

With Ayushmann Khurrana as the brand ambassador, the 2025 edition of FICCI Frames is poised to be a memorable celebration, marking a milestone for the industry and setting the stage for its future growth.

Important days

National Voters’ Day 2025: Date, Theme, History and Significance

India marks its 15th National Voters’ Day (NVD) today, January 25, 2025, celebrating the power and importance of every vote in strengthening the democratic fabric of the nation. This annual observance commemorates the establishment of the Election Commission of India (ECI) and highlights the critical role of voters in sustaining democracy.

Theme for National Voters’ Day 2025: “Nothing Like Voting, I Vote for Sure”

• The theme continues to emphasize participatory democracy and encourages citizens to take pride in their right and duty to vote.
• It promotes the transformative power of each vote, urging voters at all levels (national, state, district, and local) to recognize the critical role of their participation in strengthening democracy.

National Tourism Day 2025: Date, Theme, History and Significance

National Tourism Day is celebrated annually on January 25 to promote responsible, sustainable, and accessible tourism across India. It is an occasion to showcase the country’s diverse tourist destinations, rich cultural heritage, and natural landscapes to the world, emphasizing the immense potential of India’s tourism industry.

• Theme of National Tourism Day 2025:
• “Tourism for Inclusive Growth”

The theme for this year’s celebration highlights the following priorities:

Cultural Exchange & Heritage Preservation:

• National Tourism Day serves as a platform to showcase India’s 43 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, natural landscapes, and the diverse cultural heritage of the country.
• Fosters international understanding and cultural exchange, positioning India as a top global tourism destination.

Economic Impact:

• Tourism contributes significantly to India’s economic growth, creating jobs and driving regional development.
• Supports the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises involved in the tourism industry, from handicrafts to hospitality services.

History of National Tourism Day:

Inception (1948):

• The Government of India established a dedicated Tourism Department in 1948 with the goal to Preserve and promote India’s vast cultural heritage.
• Make tourist destinations accessible and enjoyable for both domestic and international visitors.

Ministry of Tourism’s Role:

The Ministry of Tourism is responsible for:

• Developing and promoting tourism across the country.
• Designing policies to foster the growth of the tourism sector.
• Enhancing tourism infrastructure to create memorable travel experiences.
• Uttar Pradesh Foundation Day 2025: Celebrating 76 Years of Legacy

Uttar Pradesh Celebrates 76th Foundation Day: A Journey of Cultural Heritage and Development

Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state, commemorates its Foundation Day every year on January 24. This occasion reflects the state’s rich cultural heritage, remarkable contributions to India’s development, and its historical journey. In 2025, Uttar Pradesh celebrates its 76th Foundation Day, with grand events scheduled from January 24 to January 26 at Awadh Shilp Gram in Lucknow. Let us delve into the historical significance, achievements, and contributions of Uttar Pradesh on this momentous occasion.

Historical Evolution of Uttar Pradesh

Formation of United Provinces (1902):

• Renamed from North-Western Provinces to the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh under British rule.
• Administrative capital shifted from Allahabad to Lucknow, marking the region’s rise in cultural and political importance.

Post-Independence Integration (1947–1950):

• After independence, the United Provinces became an administrative unit.
• Princely states like Tehri Garhwal and Rampur were merged in 1949.
• Officially renamed Uttar Pradesh on January 24, 1950, coinciding with the adoption of the Indian Constitution.

Revival of Uttar Pradesh Day

Initial Celebration (1989):

First observed in 1989 but discontinued due to political opposition from the Samajwadi Party.

Revival (2017):

• Resumed by the Yogi Adityanath government.
• Since then, celebrated annually with grand cultural and developmental programs.
• Celebrations in 2025
• Location: Awadh Shilp Gram, Lucknow
• Duration: January 24–26
• Purpose: To honor the state’s cultural heritage, historical journey, and contributions to India’s growth.

Uttarpradesh:

• Capital: Lucknow (Executive Branch)
• Chief minister: Yogi Adityanath
• Governor: Anandiben Patel

Himachal Pradesh Statehood Day 2025: Celebrating a Rich History

Himachal Pradesh (H.P.) celebrates its Statehood Day on 25th January every year, marking the day when it officially became the 18th state of the Indian Union in 1971. On this occasion, the Prime Minister of India extended greetings to the people of H.P., acknowledging its unique cultural and historical heritage.

Historical Background of Himachal Pradesh

During British Rule:

• 1858: After Queen Victoria’s Proclamation, British territories in the hills, including Chamba, Mandi, and Bilaspur, came under British Crown control.
• World War I (1914-18): The rulers of Himachal’s hill states supported the British Empire, contributing men and materials.

Post-Independence History:

• Formation as Chief Commissioner’s Province (1948): Himachal Pradesh was formed by merging 30 princely states.
• Part C State (1950): Following the adoption of the Indian Constitution, Himachal became a Part C state under Article VII of the Constitution.
• Integration of Bilaspur (1954): The princely state of Bilaspur merged with Himachal Pradesh.
• Union Territory Status (1956): Following the State Reorganisation Commission’s recommendations, it became a Union Territory.
• Expansion with Punjab Hill Areas (1966): Kangra and other hill areas of Punjab were merged into Himachal Pradesh.

Statehood Achievement (1971):

• December 18, 1970: The State of Himachal Pradesh Act was passed in Parliament.
• January 25, 1971: Himachal Pradesh became the 18th state of India, completing its long journey towards full statehood.

Significance of Himachal Pradesh’s Statehood Day

• Cultural and Historical Heritage: Acknowledging Himachal Pradesh’s unique cultural legacy, the Prime Minister of India extended greetings to the state’s citizens on this occasion.
• Economic Progress and Development: Over the years, Himachal Pradesh has evolved into a self-reliant and economically vibrant state, with successive governments focusing on its development.
• Contribution to National Identity: Himachal Pradesh’s history is an essential part of India’s diverse and unified heritage, contributing significantly to the country’s progress.

Himachal Pradesh:

• Capitals: Shimla (Summer), Dharamshala (Winter)
• Chief minister: Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu
• Governor: Shiv Pratap Shukla

We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 26th and 27th January 2025 current affairs curated from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs of 26th and 27th January 2025 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation.

Edusprint Youtube Channel : Edusprint Academy

National news

Nation celebrates 76th Republic Day at Kartavya Path

On 26th January 2026, President Droupadi Murmu led the nation in celebrating the 76th Republic Day with a grand parade and cultural showcase at Kartavya Path (formerly Janpath) in New Delhi. Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto was the Chief Guest for the 2025 Republic Day celebration.

• Republic Day has been celebrated annually on 26th January since 1950 to mark the adoption of the Indian Constitution.
• The President of India hoists the National Flag during the Republic Day Parade, while the Union Ministry of Defence organizes and oversees the Republic Day festivities.

Republic Day Celebration: Since 2022, Republic Day celebrations in New Delhi begin on 23rd January and continue until 30th January. 23rd January is commemorated as Parakram Diwas, honoring the birth anniversary of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. The first Parakram Diwas was celebrated in 2021.

The main Republic Day event on 26th January features an impressive parade and cultural performances along Kartavya Path.

Beating Retreat Ceremony: The Beating Retreat ceremony, marking the conclusion of Republic Day celebrations, is held on 29th January at Vijay Chowk, New Delhi. This ceremony includes musical performances by the bands of the Indian Armed Forces, such as the Army, Navy, Air Force, Central Armed Police Force (CAPF), and the Delhi Police. The President presides over the ceremony, which signifies the end of the Republic Day festivities. The tradition of “Beating Retreat” originates from a centuries-old military custom when troops would cease fighting at sunset, sheath their arms, and return to their camps. During the ceremony, the Armed Forces seek the President’s permission to return to their barracks. The President serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces.

Martyrs’ Day: Martyrs’ Day, observed on 30th January, marks the death anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi and officially concludes the Republic Day celebrations.

Highlights of the 2025 Republic Day Parade

• Lieutenant General Bhavnish Kumar, the General Officer Commanding of the Delhi Area, served as the Commander of the 2025 Republic Day Parade.
• The parade featured a 152-member contingent from the Indonesian National Armed Forces and a 190-member Military Band from Indonesia’s Military Academy.
• The first foreign military contingent to participate in the Republic Day parade was the French Army Band in the 67th Republic Day parade of 2016.
• Assistant Commandant Aishwarya Joy M. led a 148-member all-women marching contingent from the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF).
• Deputy Commandant Manohar Singh Kheechee led the Border Security Force (BSF) Camel contingent.

Tableaux and Theme: Each year, India showcases its historical, cultural, and developmental diversity through tableaux. The theme for the 2025 Republic Day tableaux, selected by the Union Ministry of Defence, was “Swarnim Bharat: Virasat aur Vikas.” 15 States/Union Territories and 10 Ministries/Departments of the central government presented their tableaux.

Jayati Jaya Mamaḧ Bharatam: A grand cultural performance, “Jayati Jaya Mamaḧ Bharatam,” featured 5,000 artists from across the country. The performance, encompassing over 45 dances, spanned the entire length of Kartavya Path, ensuring a unified viewing experience for all attendees.

Bharat Parv: Organized by the Union Ministry of Tourism, the Bharat Parv festival takes place from 26th to 31st January 2025, coinciding with the Republic Day celebrations at the Red Fort in New Delhi. During the festival, the tableaux displayed on Kartavya Path will be showcased, along with cultural performances and static military band displays.

India Eyes 10,000 GI Tags by 2030, Goyal Announces

Union Minister of Commerce & Industry, Shri Piyush Goyal, announced an ambitious target to achieve 10,000 Geographical Indication (GI) Tags by 2030. This announcement was made during the GI Samagam held in New Delhi, organized by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) in collaboration with the India Today Group. The Minister emphasized a whole-of-government approach to achieve this target, including the formation of a dedicated committee to oversee its progress. Currently, India has 605 GI tags.

Shri Goyal highlighted the government’s initiatives under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership to strengthen India’s Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) ecosystem. These include initiatives like One District One Product (ODOP) and the Anusandhan National Research Foundation Fund. He emphasized the dual focus of “Vikas bhi aur Virasat bhi” (Development along with Heritage), stressing the importance of promoting and protecting GI-tagged products for both economic and cultural benefits.

Key Highlights of the Announcement:

GI Tag Target:

• The government aims for 10,000 GI tags by 2030, up from the current 605.
• A dedicated committee will be established to oversee the implementation and progress of the GI tag target.
• The approach will involve whole-of-government coordination to meet the target.

Strengthening the IPR Ecosystem:

• The number of authorized GI tag users has grown significantly from 365 to 29,000 in the past decade.
• The number of patents granted has surged from 6,000 to 100,000 over the last 10 years.

Promoting Indian Heritage Products:

The government is focusing on promoting heritage products through initiatives like:

• One District One Product (ODOP): Aimed at showcasing and promoting unique products from each district.
• Anusandhan National Research Foundation Fund: Focused on promoting research and innovation, particularly in heritage and traditional sectors.

Banke Bihari Temple Secures FCRA License to Accept Foreign Donations

The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has granted the Banke Bihari Temple in Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh, a license under the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA), allowing the temple to receive foreign funds. This approval comes after the intervention of a court, which led to the establishment of a management committee to oversee the temple’s operations. The committee had applied for the FCRA license, highlighting the temple’s significant foreign currency receipts and its desire to accept international donations.

Background and Management Transition: Historically, the Banke Bihari Temple was managed privately by a family of priests. However, following legal proceedings, the court directed the formation of a management committee to handle the temple’s administration. This shift in management has enabled the temple to meet regulatory requirements, including the application for the FCRA license.

FCRA License Details: The FCRA license allows the Banke Bihari Temple to accept foreign contributions, which will be utilized to support the temple’s religious and cultural activities. The approval from the MHA came after a detailed application process, including the required court approvals.

Indore, Udaipur Join Global Wetland Cities Network

Indore and Udaipur have achieved a significant milestone by becoming the first two cities from India to be included in the global list of accredited Wetland Cities under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. This recognition underscores India’s commitment to sustainable urban development and ecological conservation. Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated both cities, emphasizing the importance of balancing urban growth with environmental sustainability. The accreditation highlights the essential role of wetlands in providing ecological, social, and economic benefits, making them crucial for the sustainable development of urban areas.

Key Highlights

• Indore and Udaipur’s Recognition
• Indore and Udaipur are the first Indian cities to be recognized under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.
• Both cities were nominated by the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).

Wetlands in Indore and Udaipur

• Indore: Sirpur Lake, a Ramsar site, is significant for its role as a congregation area for water birds and is being developed as a bird sanctuary.
• Udaipur: The city is surrounded by five major wetlands, including Pichola, Fateh Sagar, Rang Sagar, Swaroop Sagar, and Doodh Talai, which contribute to the city’s cultural identity, microclimate regulation, and overall ecological balance.

Significance of Wetlands

• Wetlands provide multiple benefits, including flood regulation, livelihood opportunities, and recreational values.
• They are essential for ecological conservation and play a critical role in mitigating extreme climate events, enhancing the resilience of cities to climate change.

‘Samman Sanjeevani’ App Unveiled on National Girl Child Day

On National Girl Child Day 2025, Haryana Cabinet Minister Shruti Choudhry launched the ‘Samman Sanjeevani’ app, aimed at improving the effectiveness of the ‘Mahila Evam Kishori Samman Yojana’. The initiative focuses on providing essential services, particularly sanitary napkins, to BPL (Below Poverty Line) women and girls aged 10 to 45. This app is part of the Haryana Government’s continuous efforts to ensure the timely and efficient delivery of welfare benefits to its citizens. The event also commemorated the 10th anniversary of the ‘Beti Bachao Beti Padhao’ scheme, a key initiative for women’s empowerment.

Launch of the ‘Samman Sanjeevani’ App

• The app helps track services provided under the ‘Mahila Evam Kishori Samman Yojana’.
• It ensures that beneficiaries receive timely services, such as the distribution of sanitary napkins.
• The app also collects data on all beneficiaries, offering updates on monthly benefits.
• Services Under the ‘Mahila Evam Kishori Samman Yojana’
• Sanitary napkins are provided to BPL women and girls between the ages of 10-45.
• These benefits are distributed through Anganwadi centers and schools.

Purpose of the App

• The app helps ensure the timely delivery of services to beneficiaries.
• It aims to streamline program administration, preventing any delays in service delivery.

10th Anniversary of ‘Beti Bachao Beti Padhao’

• The Women and Child Development Department is organizing various activities to mark the anniversary, including rallies, cultural events, recognition ceremonies, and campaigns focused on women’s empowerment.
• Schoolgirls, successful women, and community groups are involved in these events to raise awareness about the importance of daughters.

Minister’s Address: Minister Shruti Choudhry emphasized the importance of both the newly launched app and the ongoing ‘Beti Bachao Beti Padhao’ scheme. She highlighted the government’s commitment to empowering women and raising awareness about women’s rights, with a particular focus on the welfare of daughters.

Summit news

First Technology Dialogue 2025 held in IISc Bengaluru

The inaugural edition of the Technology Dialogue took place at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bengaluru, Karnataka, on 24th January 2025. The event, held on 24th and 25th January 2025, was conducted in a hybrid format, with both virtual and in-person participation.

The Technology Dialogue aims to bring together senior policymakers, industry leaders, scientists, and scholars to discuss critical issues related to technology, including India’s international engagements in the tech domain.

The opening session was addressed virtually by Dr. Jitendra Singh, Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science & Technology, and Professor Ajay Kumar Sood, Principal Scientific Advisor to the Government of India.

Organizers of the Technology Dialogue: The Technology Dialogue was organized by the Ministry of External Affairs, in partnership with the Office of the Principal Scientific Advisor to the Government of India and the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. The event took place at the IISc campus in Bengaluru on 24th and 25th January 2025.

Theme of the First Technology Dialogue: The theme of the event, “Exploring New Frontiers in Technology Diplomacy,” underscores the focus on technology policy and international partnerships.

Objectives of the Technology Dialogue

• The Technology Dialogue serves as a Track 1.5 Dialogue led by the Ministry of External Affairs. In diplomacy, Track 1.5 refers to dialogues where government officials participate unofficially, alongside non-governmental experts, to foster discussion and collaboration.
• Science and technology have increasingly become strategic tools in international relations, driving cooperation between nations. The Technology Dialogue seeks to leverage this trend and advance India’s interests in the Science and Technology sectors.

The dialogue focuses on key emerging technologies, including:

• Artificial Intelligence
• Quantum Technologies
• Space
• Semiconductors
• Bioeconomy

Ranks and report news

Odisha tops the First Fiscal Health Index of the NITI Aayog

Odisha has emerged as the top performer in the inaugural edition of the NITI Aayog’s Fiscal Health Index (FHI) 2025.

The report, compiled by NITI Aayog, was officially released on 24th January 2025 in New Delhi by Dr. Arvind Panagariya, Chairman of the 16th Finance Commission, in the presence of Suman Bery, Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog, and BVR Subrahmanyam, CEO of NITI Aayog.

Overview of the NITI Aayog’s Fiscal Health Index 2025

• The report evaluates the fiscal health of 18 major states in India for the 2022-23 fiscal year, identifying areas for improvement and encouraging the adoption of best practices across these states.
• This Fiscal Health Index offers an objective assessment through a composite index, enabling the comparison and benchmarking of fiscal health practices across states.

Composition of the Fiscal Health Index

The Index covers 18 states that together account for approximately two-thirds of the country’s public expenditure and one-third of its total revenue. The assessment is based on the fiscal performance during the 2022-23 financial year.

The Fiscal Health Index consists of five major sub-indices:

• Quality of Expenditure
• Revenue Mobilisation
• Fiscal Prudence
• Debt Index
• Debt Sustainability

Additionally, the report includes nine minor sub-indices classified under:

• Deprivation Index
• Improvement Index
• States Segregated Based on Performance

Based on their performance in 2022-23, the 18 states have been divided into four categories:

Achiever States (Rank 1-5):

• Odisha
• Chhattisgarh
• Goa
• Jharkhand
• Gujarat

Frontrunner States (Rank 6-10):

• Maharashtra
• Uttar Pradesh
• Telangana
• Madhya Pradesh
• Karnataka

Performer States (Rank 11-14):

• Tamil Nadu
• Rajasthan
• Bihar
• Haryana

Aspirational States (Rank 15-18):

• Kerala
• West Bengal
• Andhra Pradesh
• Punjab

About NITI Aayog

The National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog was established by the government of India through an executive order.

It officially came into existence on 1st January 2015, replacing the former Planning Commission.

Leadership:

• Chairman: The Prime Minister of India
• Vice Chairman: Suman Bery
• Chief Executive Officer (CEO): BVR Subrahmanyam

NITI Aayog plays a pivotal role in promoting sustainable development, enhancing governance, and facilitating cooperative federalism in India. It works towards formulating strategies and policies that drive India’s economic and social progress.

Odisha:

• Chief minister: Mohan Charan Majhi
• Capital: Bhubaneswar
• Governor: Hari Babu Kambhampati

State news

Mohan Yadav Government in MP bans liquor sale in 17 religious towns

In a significant move, the Mohan Yadav-led Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government in Madhya Pradesh has announced a ban on the sale of liquor in 17 religious towns across the state. This decision was made during a Cabinet meeting chaired by Chief Minister Mohan Yadav in Maheshwar town (also known as the city of Devi Ahilyabai) in Khargone district on 24th January 2025. The meeting was held to commemorate the 300th birth anniversary of Devi Ahilyabai.

Liquor Sale Ban Details

• In Madhya Pradesh, the sale of liquor is already prohibited within a five-kilometer radius on both sides of the Narmada river.
• The liquor sale ban in religious towns will be implemented in phases.

In the first phase, the sale of liquor will be banned in 17 religious towns, which include:

• One municipal corporation
• Six Nagar Palikas
• Six Nagar Parishads
• Six Gram Panchayats

Constitutional Provision Regarding Liquor Ban:

Article 47 of the Indian Constitution outlines the state’s responsibility to improve public health and raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living. It directs the state to work towards the prohibition of intoxicating drinks and drugs harmful to health, except for medicinal purposes. This provision empowers the government (central or state) to implement policies to either completely or partially ban the sale and consumption of liquor.

States/Union Territories with Liquor Bans:

Several states and union territories in India have implemented partial or complete liquor bans:

• Gujarat was the first state to impose a total ban on the sale of liquor, a decision influenced by the principles of Mahatma Gandhi.
• Currently, Gujarat, Bihar, Nagaland, and Mizoram have enforced a complete liquor ban.
• In the Union Territory of Lakshadweep, the sale of liquor is banned except in a few designated islands.

Madhya Pradesh:

• Capital: Bhopal (Executive Branch)
• Governor: Mangubhai C. Patel
• CM: Mohan Yadav

Uniform Civil Code Rollout Begins in Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand has made history by becoming the first state in independent India to implement the Uniform Civil Code (UCC), effective from January 27, 2025. This landmark decision aligns with the BJP’s election promise and has been widely anticipated since the state’s 2022 assembly elections. The UCC seeks to establish uniformity in personal laws, ensuring equal rights and responsibilities for all citizens, irrespective of religion or community.

Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami has emphasized that the law’s goal is not to target any individual or group but to foster fairness, equality, and social harmony.

Key Developments

• Consultations and Expert Committees: The implementation of the UCC followed extensive consultations and the formation of expert committees. Comprehensive rules were also drafted to ensure the smooth rollout of the law.
• The Desai Committee, led by retired Supreme Court judge Ranjana Prakash Desai, submitted a thorough UCC draft in February 2024.
• The Uttarakhand assembly passed the bill, and President Droupadi Murmu gave her assent in March 2024.

Key Points of Uttarakhand’s Uniform Civil Code

• Historical Context: Uttarakhand becomes the first state in India to implement the UCC.
• UCC’s Objective: It aims to standardize laws regarding marriage, divorce, succession, and live-in relationships across all religions, ensuring equality.
• Chief Minister’s Statement: CM Pushkar Singh Dhami emphasized that the UCC is a part of the BJP’s vision for a developed, harmonious nation and is not aimed at any specific community.

Key Provisions of the UCC

• Equal Marriageable Age: The age for marriage will be the same for both men and women.
• Uniform Divorce Laws: The grounds and procedures for divorce will be uniform for all religions.
• Ban on Polygamy and ‘Halala’: The law bans polygamy and the practice of ‘halala’.
• Mandatory Registration: All marriages and live-in relationships will have to be registered.
• Gender Parity: The UCC ensures gender equality in matters of marriage, divorce, and succession.
• Legitimacy of Children: Children born of void marriages will be considered legitimate.
• Uttarakhand’s implementation of the UCC is expected to bring significant societal change by promoting equality and uniformity across different communities in the state.

Uttarakhand:

• Capitals: Dehradun (Winter), Bhararisen (Summer)
• Chief minister: Pushkar Singh Dhami
• Governor: Gurmit Singh

Geo-Tagging Saves Kashmir’s Iconic Chinar Trees

Kashmir’s iconic chinar trees, long regarded as symbols of the region’s cultural and natural heritage, are now under threat due to urbanization and infrastructure development. In response, the Jammu & Kashmir Forest Research Institute (JKFRI) has launched the ‘Digital Tree Aadhar’ initiative, aiming to provide each chinar tree with a unique digital identity. This innovative project combines modern technology to protect these trees, conserve biodiversity, and preserve the region’s cultural heritage, while also raising awareness about the importance of the chinar trees.

Key Highlights of the Initiative

About the ‘Digital Tree Aadhar’ Initiative

• Purpose: The initiative aims to monitor, protect, and manage the health of every chinar tree in Kashmir.
• Concept: Modeled after India’s Aadhaar system, each chinar tree is assigned a unique digital ID.

Technology Used:

• Geo-tagging with Geographic Information System (GIS)
• QR codes for easy scanning by the public
• Metal cards with barcodes for added accessibility

Current Scope and Progress

• Trees Tagged: So far, around 10,000 trees have been tagged with metal cards.
• Chinar Census: A systematic survey started in 2021 has successfully geo-tagged 28,560 chinar trees to date.
• Future Expansion: The initiative will expand to include chinars in Jammu’s Chenab Valley and the Pir Panjal Valley.
• Top Trees: Notable chinars, including the world’s third-largest chinar (girth: 74 ft) in Ganderbal district, are also being documented.

Significance and Benefits

• Tourism: Visitors can scan QR codes to learn about the tree’s age, height, and historical significance.
• Biodiversity Conservation: Chinars are vital habitats for bird species like crows and kites.
• Carbon Sequestration: Chinar trees play a crucial role in absorbing carbon and helping mitigate climate change.
• Cultural Heritage: These trees hold a deep connection with Kashmir’s folklore, literature, religious practices, and historical landmarks.

Historical and Cultural Importance of Chinars

• Origins: Chinar trees were introduced to Kashmir by Islamic preachers from Central Asia and Persia over 400 years ago.
• Oldest Tree: The oldest recorded chinar is a 700-year-old tree in Budgam district, planted by Sufi saint Syed Qasim Shah.
• Mughal Legacy: Chinars were extensively planted in Srinagar’s Mughal gardens such as Naseem Bagh, Nishat Bagh, and Shalimar Garden in the 16th century.
• Religious Symbolism: Revered by both Hindus and Muslims, chinars form integral parts of shrines like Hazratbal and temples like Kheer Bhawani.
• Bollywood Appeal: These majestic trees have also featured in numerous iconic Bollywood films, symbolizing romance and nostalgia.

Banking news

PNB Pioneers Real-Time Cybercrime Response with Clari5 Integration

Punjab National Bank (PNB) has made a significant stride in fraud prevention and complaint management by becoming the first Indian bank to implement Clari5’s National Cybercrime Reporting Portal (NCRP) Integration Solution. This advancement is the result of a collaboration with the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C). The system enables automated, real-time processing of cybercrime complaints across all retail banking channels, including Internet and Mobile Banking, ATMs, UPI, and NEFT/RTGS.

Key Features of the Integration

• Automated Lien Marking and Account Freezes: The system can automatically place holds on suspicious accounts and freeze them when necessary. This helps the bank prevent fraudulent transactions in a timely manner.
• Real-Time Processing Across Channels: The solution processes complaints in real-time across various banking platforms, ensuring rapid response to potential fraud across digital channels.
• Customizable Whitelisting: This feature allows the system to distinguish legitimate customer transactions from fraudulent ones, ensuring that valid transactions are not disrupted by fraud prevention measures.

Impact on the Indian Banking Sector: PNB’s adoption of Clari5’s NCRP Integration Solution sets a new benchmark for the Indian banking sector. It is expected to inspire other banks to implement similar technologies to enhance fraud prevention and ensure customer protection. This initiative supports the broader goal of creating a safer and more secure financial ecosystem in India.

Future Prospects: The successful implementation of this system at PNB lays a strong foundation for expanding this technology across other banks in India. As cyber threats continue to evolve, the integration of such advanced systems will be crucial in maintaining the integrity and security of India’s banking sector.

Punjab national bank:

• Headquarters: New Delhi
• Founder: Dyal Singh Majithia
• Founded: 19 May 1894, Lahore, Pakistan

32.81% Surge in Complaints to RBI Ombudsman

In 2024, the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) Integrated Ombudsman Scheme saw a significant 32.81% increase in bank customer complaints, totaling 9.34 lakh complaints. This rise highlights a growing concern regarding customer grievances in the banking sector. The complaints primarily centered around delays in service, errors in transactions, and inadequate redressal by banks, underscoring the need for improvements in customer service and grievance handling mechanisms.

• Complaints Surge: Key Data
• Total Complaints: 9.34 lakh (a 32.81% increase from the previous year)
• Growth Rate: 32.81% surge in complaints received under the Ombudsman scheme

Root Causes of the Rise

• Transaction Delays & Errors: A large number of complaints stemmed from delays or mistakes in banking transactions.
• Bank’s Response: The lack of timely and satisfactory responses from banks to customer issues contributed significantly to the rise in complaints.

Past vs Present: The increase in complaints signals an urgent need for banks to improve their customer service strategies, especially in light of the growing prominence of digital banking services. Despite the RBI’s efforts, customer dissatisfaction remains a significant issue within the financial sector.

RBI’s Role in Improving the Redressal Mechanism: The RBI Ombudsman system plays a vital role in resolving disputes between customers and financial institutions.

• Digital banking concerns: A large portion of complaints in the previous year stemmed from digital banking services, reflecting the growing concerns about online banking as it continues to expand.
• Addressing the Surge: Immediate Measures Needed

Financial institutions are urged to enhance their internal grievance redressal systems to prevent further escalation of complaints. The surge in complaints emphasizes the need for stronger consumer protection and greater accountability within the banking sector.

RBI:

• Founded: 1 April 1935, Kolkata
• Governor: Sanjay Malhotra
• Headquarters: Mumbai

Appointment news

Jitender Pal Singh Appointed as India’s New Ambassador to Israel

On January 24, 2025, the Government of India announced the appointment of Jitender Pal Singh as the next Ambassador to Israel. An Indian Foreign Service (IFS) officer from the 2002 batch, Singh is currently serving in the office of the External Affairs Minister and has previously led the Pakistan-Afghanistan-Iran division within the Ministry of External Affairs since 2020.

Predecessor’s Transition

• Singh succeeds Sanjeev Kumar Singla, who served as India’s Ambassador to Israel from 2019 until his recent appointment as Ambassador to France in October 2024.
• Singla’s tenure in Israel was marked by significant diplomatic engagements, including high-level visits and the strengthening of bilateral relations.

Israel:

• Capital: Jerusalem
• President: Isaac Herzog
• Prime minister: Benjamin Netanyahu
• Official language: Hebrew

SSB Chief Amrit Mohan Gets Additional Charge as BCAS DG

The Central Government has appointed Amrit Mohan Prasad, the Director General (DG) of Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB), to hold the additional charge as the Director General (DG) of the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS). This decision, which has been approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, highlights the government’s trust in Prasad’s leadership abilities. The appointment is set for six months, starting from November 1, 2024, or until the regular incumbent joins, whichever comes first. This is a significant move considering the strategic importance of civil aviation security in India.

P. Suriaraj Appointed Executive Director of Dhanlaxmi Bank

P. Suriaraj has assumed the role of Executive Director at Dhanlaxmi Bank, bringing with him a wealth of experience from his tenure at Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Ltd. His appointment is expected to bolster the bank’s strategic initiatives and operational efficiency.

Award news

Padma Awards 2025- Get the Complete Winners List

On the eve of the 76th Republic Day, in line with tradition, the Union Ministry of Home Affairs announced the names of the 2025 Padma awardees. The Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards are the highest civilian honors bestowed by the government of India to both Indian and foreign citizens, recognizing their distinguished contributions in areas where public service is involved.

The award ceremony, where these prestigious honors are conferred, will be held in March/April 2025 at Rashtrapati Bhawan in New Delhi, with the President of India presiding over the function.

2025 Padma Awards

In 2025, a total of 139 Padma Awards will be presented, including a duo case, where the award is counted as one. These include:

• 7 Padma Vibhushan
• 19 Padma Bhushan
• 113 Padma Shri

Out of these awardees, 23 are women, 10 are Foreigners/Non-Resident Indians/Persons of Indian Origin/Overseas Citizens of India, and 13 are posthumous awardees.

Though typically no more than 120 Padma Awards are conferred each year, exceptions are sometimes made.

Civilian Awards Overview

The Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards were instituted by the government of India in 1954. Initially, the Padma Award was called the Padma Vibhushan Award and was divided into three categories: Pahla Varg, Dusra Varg, and Tisra Varg. On 8th January 1955, the government renamed them as Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri.

• The Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award in India, followed by the Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri.
• The Bharat Ratna and Padma awards are conferred annually, but they were suspended in 1978-79 and from 1993-1997.

Who Decides the Award?

The President of India receives the recommendation for the Bharat Ratna from the Prime Minister. Typically, no more than three people are awarded the Bharat Ratna each year.

• For Padma Awards, the recommendations are made by the Padma Awards Committee, which is formed by the Prime Minister each year. The Cabinet Secretary heads the committee, which submits its recommendations to the Prime Minister and the President of India.
• A person may receive a higher category Padma award only after at least five years have passed since their previous Padma award, although the Committee may relax this rule in exceptional cases.

Categories of Padma Award

The Padma Awards are divided into three categories based on hierarchy:

• Padma Vibhushan (highest) – for exceptional and distinguished service.
• Padma Bhushan – for distinguished service of a high order.
• Padma Shri – for distinguished service.

Is the Award a Title?

• There has been controversy over whether the Bharat Ratna or Padma Award constitutes a title, as per Article 18 of the Indian Constitution. According to Clause 1 of Article 18, “No title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State.”
• In the Balaji Raghavan/S.P. Anand vs Union of India (1995) case, a 5-judge bench of the Supreme Court held that the Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards are not titles as per Article 18 and can be conferred by the government. However, the government has stated that these awards cannot be used as a suffix or prefix to the awardees’ names.

What Does the Awardee Receive?

Awardees are presented with a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a medallion. They are also given a small replica of the medallion, which can be worn during ceremonial or state functions. The names of the awardees are officially published in the Gazette of India on the day of the presentation ceremony.

Here is the list of 2025 Padma Awardees categorized by their respective awards:

Padma Bhushan Awardees (7)

• Duvvur Nageshwar Reddy – Medicine (Telangana)
• Justice (Retd.) Shri Jagdish Singh Khehar – Public Affairs (Chandigarh)
• Mrs. Kumudini Rajnikant Lakhia – Art (Gujarat)
• Lakshminarayana Subramaniam – Art (Karnataka)
• M. T. Vasudevan Nair (Posthumous) – Literature and Education (Kerala)
• Osamu Suzuki (Posthumous) – Trade and Industry (Founder of Maruti Suzuki, Japan)
• Sharda Sinha (Posthumous) – Art (Bihar Kokila) (Bihar)

Padma Bhushan Awardees (19)

• A Surya Prakash – Literature and Education (Journalism, Karnataka)
• Anant Nag – Art (Karnataka)
• Bibek Debroy (Posthumous) – Literature and Education (Former Chairman, Prime Minister Economic Advisory Council, NCT Delhi)
• Jatin Goswami – Art (Assam)
• Jose Chacko Periappuram – Medicine (Kerala)
• Kailash Nath Dikshit – Others (Archaeology, NCT Delhi)
• Manohar Joshi (Posthumous) – Public Affairs (Maharashtra)
• Nalli Kuppuswami Chetti – Trade and Industry (Tamil Nadu)
• Nandamuri Balakrishna – Art (Telugu film actor, Andhra Pradesh)
• P R Sreejesh – Sports (Ex Goalkeeper of Indian hockey team, Kerala)
• Pankaj Patel – Trade and Industry (Gujarat)
• Pankaj Udhas (Posthumous) – Art (Ghazal Singer, Maharashtra)
• Rambahadur Rai – Literature and Education (Journalism, Uttar Pradesh)
• Sadhvi Ritambhara – Social Work (Uttar Pradesh)
• S Ajith Kumar – Art (Tamil Nadu)
• Shekhar Kapur – Art (Film Director, Maharashtra)
• Shobana Chandrakumar – Art (Tamil Nadu)
• Sushil Kumar Modi (Posthumous) – Public Affairs (Bihar)
• Vinod Dham – Science and Engineering (Father of Pentium Chip, United States of America)

Padma Shri Awardees (113)

• Adwaita Charan Gadanayak – Art (Odisha)
• Achyut Ramchandra Palav – Art (Maharashtra)
• Ajay V Bhatt – Science and Engineering (United States of America)
• Anil Kumar Boro – Literature and Education (Assam)
• Arijit Singh – Art (Hindi film singer, West Bengal)
• Mrs. Arundhati Bhattacharya – Trade and Industry (Maharashtra)
• Arunoday Saha – Literature and Education (Tripura)
• Arvind Sharma – Literature and Education (Canada)
• Ashok Kumar Mahapatra – Medicine (Odisha)
• Ashok Laxman Saraf – Art (Maharashtra)

Sports news

Omarzai Crowned ICC Men’s ODI Cricketer of the Year

Azmatullah Omarzai, Afghanistan’s dynamic all-rounder, had an outstanding 2024 season in One Day International (ODI) cricket, showcasing his exceptional skills with both bat and ball. His performances not only bolstered Afghanistan’s cricketing presence but also helped elevate the team’s status on the international stage.

Key Highlights of Omarzai’s 2024 Season:

ODI Performance:

• Matches Played: 14
• Runs Scored: 417
• Wickets Taken: 17
• Batting Average: 52.12
• Bowling Average: 20.47

Smriti Mandhana Named ICC Women’s ODI Cricketer of the Year 2024

Smriti Mandhana had an exceptional year in 2024 in One Day International (ODI) cricket, solidifying her position as one of the leading players in the women’s game. Known for her stylish left-handed batting and ability to perform under pressure, Mandhana played a key role in India’s success across several series. She was not only the leading run-scorer in WODIs for the year but also broke multiple personal and team records.

Key Highlights of Smriti Mandhana’s Remarkable 2024:

Overview/Stats:

• Runs Scored: 747 runs in 13 matches, making her the leading run-scorer in WODIs for the year.
• Batting Average: 57.86, demonstrating her consistency and dominance in the 50-over format.
• Strike Rate: 95.15, reflecting her aggressive yet calculated approach at the crease.
• Centuries Scored: Four centuries in the year, setting a new record in women’s ODIs.
• Boundary Count: 95 fours and 6 sixes, showcasing her ability to find the boundary consistently.

Bumrah Crowned ICC Men’s Test Cricketer of the Year

Jasprit Bumrah had an extraordinary year in 2024, cementing his position as one of the most dominant bowlers in Test cricket. After making a stellar comeback from a back injury in late 2023, Bumrah’s exceptional performances were crucial to India’s success in both home and away series. His consistency, wicket-taking ability, and record-breaking feats helped keep India in the running for the ICC World Test Championship and earned him the prestigious ICC Men’s Test Cricketer of the Year award for 2024.

Key Highlights of Jasprit Bumrah’s 2024:

Overall Performance:

• Wickets Taken: 71 wickets in 13 matches, showcasing his vital role in India’s bowling attack.
• Average: 14.92 (the lowest among bowlers with 70+ wickets in a calendar year), underlining his dominance and consistency.
• Strike Rate: 30.1, demonstrating his ability to take wickets at regular intervals.
• Economy Rate: 2.96, reflecting his tight and controlled bowling in the Test format.
• Overs Bowled: 357 overs, showing his workhorse mentality and endurance.

Jannik Sinner &Madison Keys wins 2025 Australian Open Singles Titles

The 2025 Australian Open, the first Grand Slam of the tennis season, concluded with remarkable performances from Jannik Sinner and Madison Keys, both claiming their maiden and defending titles respectively. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the event:

Winners of the 2025 Australian Open:

Men’s Singles:

• Winner: Jannik Sinner (Italy)
• Runner-Up: Alexander Zverev (Germany)
• Score: Sinner defeated Zverev 6-3, 7-6(4), 6-3.

Significance: Jannik Sinner became the first Italian man to win 3 Grand Slam singles titles. This victory marked his second consecutive Australian Open title, successfully defending his 2024 championship.

It was Sinner’s third Grand Slam title, having previously won the 2024 US Open as well.

Historical Note: He became the first man to defend a maiden Grand Slam title since Rafael Nadal at the 2006 French Open.

Women’s Singles:

• Winner: Madison Keys (USA)
• Runner-Up: Aryna Sabalenka (Belarus)
• Score: Keys defeated Sabalenka 6-3, 2-6, 7-5.
• Significance: This victory marked Madison Keys’ first Grand Slam title, having previously lost in the 2017 US Open final to Sloane Stephens.
• It was a hard-fought match, and Keys became the first American woman to win the Australian Open singles title since 2015.

Men’s Doubles:

• Winners: Harri Heliovaara (Finland) and Henry Patten (Britain)
• Runners-Up: Simone Bolelli and Andrea Vavassori (Both Italy)

Women’s Doubles:

• Winners: Katerina Siniakova (Czech Republic) and Taylor Townsend (USA)
• Runners-Up: Su-Wei Hsieh (Taiwan) and Jelena Ostapenko (Latvia)

Mixed Doubles:

• Winners: Olivia Gadecki and John Peers (Both from Australia)
• Runners-Up: Kimberly Birrell and John Patrick Smith (Both from Australia)

Important days

International Day of Clean Energy 2025 Observed on 26th January

The International Day of Clean Energy on 26th January was declared by the United Nations General Assembly to raise awareness and drive action towards a just and inclusive transition to clean energy for the benefit of both people and the planet. This day highlights the dual challenge humanity faces: ensuring no one is left behind while also protecting the planet for future generations. Clean energy plays a vital role in addressing these challenges by reducing socio-economic inequalities and mitigating the harmful effects of climate change.

The Role of Clean Energy in Tackling Global Issues

• Energy Poverty: A Barrier to Socio-Economic Development
• Despite technological advancements, 685 million people worldwide still lack access to electricity, with over 80% of them living in Sub-Saharan Africa. This lack of reliable energy affects critical areas of life, such as:
• Education: Without electricity for lighting, computers, and communication, schools struggle to operate efficiently, limiting educational opportunities.
• Healthcare: Clinics without electricity cannot store vaccines or perform vital surgeries, jeopardizing public health.
• Economic Opportunities: Small businesses and industries, which rely on energy to operate and grow, face significant challenges in creating jobs and promoting economic development.

International Customs Day 2025- Theme, History, Significance and Key Facts

International Customs Day (ICD) is celebrated annually on January 26 to honor the crucial role played by customs officials and agencies in ensuring the smooth and secure flow of goods across international borders. This day highlights the importance of customs authorities in trade management, revenue generation, supply chain security, and in combating illegal trade. The observance is led by members of the World Customs Organisation (WCO), who actively participate in organizing events and showcasing their work to promote the objectives of efficient customs management.

Theme for International Customs Day 2025:

• The theme for International Customs Day 2025 is: “Customs Delivering on its Commitment to Efficiency, Security, and Prosperity.”
• This theme emphasizes the commitment of customs authorities to enhance the efficiency of global trade operations, ensure security, and contribute to economic prosperity. The WCO encourages its members to adopt this theme as they demonstrate their efforts in creating robust and efficient customs processes that benefit international trade and global security.

History of International Customs Day

Foundation of WCO:

• The origins of International Customs Day trace back to the establishment of the Customs Cooperation Council (CCC), which is now known as the World Customs Organisation (WCO). The CCC was formed in 1952 as an intergovernmental body aimed at improving the efficiency of customs administrations globally.
• The inaugural session of the CCC took place on January 26, 1953, in Brussels, Belgium, with representatives from 17 founding member nations. This event marked the beginning of a global initiative to streamline customs processes and enhance the management of international trade.
• Today, the WCO has grown to include 183 member states, collectively overseeing nearly 98% of the world’s trade. To commemorate the foundation of the WCO, January 26 was designated as International Customs Day.

Significance of International Customs Day

International Customs Day serves as a reminder of the essential role that customs agencies play in:

• Facilitating global trade while ensuring the security of goods.
• Preventing illegal trade and smuggling activities.
• Contributing to national and global economic prosperity.
• Ensuring supply chain integrity through effective customs management practices.

National Geographic Day 2025- History, Significance and Celebrations

National Geographic Day is celebrated every year on January 27 to honor the foundation of the National Geographic Society. The day not only celebrates the organization’s significant contributions to science, exploration, and environmental conservation, but also reminds us of the ongoing importance of preserving the natural world. Let’s explore more about the history and achievements of the National Geographic Society:

History and Background of National Geographic Society

Foundation of the National Geographic Society

The National Geographic Society was founded on January 27, 1888, in Washington, D.C., USA, by a group of 33 visionaries, including Gardiner Greene Hubbard.

The mission of the organization was:

• To promote the study of geography, science, and humanity.
• To raise awareness about Earth’s natural beauty and resources.
• To encourage exploration and discovery to uncover the mysteries of the world.

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National news

Union Minister Piyush Goyal sets target of 10,000 GI tags by 2030

Union Minister of Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal has set an ambitious target to achieve 10,000 Geographical Indication (GI) Tags by 2030. Speaking at the GI Samagam event in New Delhi, Mr. Goyal outlined the government’s strategy to meet this goal through a whole-of-government approach, including the formation of a committee to oversee the implementation.

Key Highlights

Current Status: Number of GI Tags Issued to Date: 605 tags have been granted so far.

Intellectual Property Ecosystem Growth:

• GI Tags: Increase in authorized users of GI tags from 365 to 29,000.
• Patents Granted: The number of patents granted has risen from 6,000 to 1 lakh in the past 10 years.

Government’s Efforts Under Prime Minister Modi: The government has made concerted efforts to promote the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) ecosystem, supporting the Prime Minister’s vision of ‘Vikas bhi aur Virasat bhi’ (Development and Heritage).

Collaboration for Branding and Quality: Emphasis on improving branding for GI products, including collaboration with FSSAI and BIS to ensure better quality standards.

India Inaugurates CSIR Mega Innovation Complex in Mumbai

On January , 2025, Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh inaugurated India’s first-of-its-kind CSIR Mega Innovation Complex in Mumbai, marking a significant milestone in the nation’s innovation landscape. This state-of-the-art facility is designed to bolster start-ups, micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), and industry stakeholders by providing high-end scientific infrastructure and expertise.

Key Features of the Innovation Complex

Infrastructure and Facilities:

• Nine Floors of cutting-edge infrastructure.
• 24 Incubation Labs equipped for specialized research.
• Office Spaces and Networking Zones to encourage collaboration and innovation.
• Tailored to support the growth of start-ups and MSMEs.

Support for Regulatory Compliance:

Bridges the gap between research and industry.

Focus on regulatory studies, technology transfer, and addressing sector-specific challenges in areas like:

• Healthcare
• Chemicals
• Energy
• Materials Science

Collaboration and Partnerships:

• Fosters collaboration among start-ups, MSMEs, and CSIR’s network of researchers.
• Supports the vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India).

Strategic Collaborations and Achievements

Memoranda of Association:

• Six MoUs signed between CSIR and institutes like IIT Bombay, iCreate, and NRDC.
• These MoUs aim to strengthen industry-academic collaborations and boost innovation.

Technology Transfers:

• Fifty technology transfers from CSIR institutes to start-ups, MSMEs, and other institutions.
• This promotes commercialization of research and enhances entrepreneurship.

Centre Hikes MSP on Jute, Promises 66.8% Returns for farmers

The Centre has made a significant decision to increase the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for raw jute by Rs 315, setting it at Rs 5,650 per quintal for the 2025-26 marketing season. This move, approved by the Union Cabinet, aims to provide farmers with a return of 66.8 per cent over the all-India weighted average cost of production, thus encouraging farmers to invest in jute cultivation.

Increase in MSP for Raw Jute (2025-26)

• New MSP: ₹5,650 per quintal, up by ₹315 from the 2024-25 rate of ₹5,335.
• Return to Farmers: 66.8% over the all-India weighted average cost of production.
• Historical Growth: MSP for raw jute has increased 2.35 times since 2014-15.
• Impact: Expected to boost jute production and provide better financial incentives for farmers.

2. Extension of the National Health Mission (NHM)

Duration: Extended for an additional five years.

Achievements:

• Added 1.2 million healthcare workers between 2021 and 2022.
• Played a critical role during the Covid-19 pandemic, supporting vaccination drives and public health campaigns.
• Enhanced healthcare access in rural and underserved areas.
• These decisions reflect the government’s commitment to supporting farmers and strengthening healthcare infrastructure in India.

India Launches Diamond Imprest Authorization (DIA) Scheme to Boost Diamond Sector Exports

In January 2025, the Department of Commerce (DOC) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I) introduced the Diamond Imprest Authorization (DIA) Scheme, effective from April 1, 2025. The scheme aims to enhance the global competitiveness of India’s diamond sector by encouraging value addition and increasing exports.

Key Features of the DIA Scheme

• Duty-Free Import: Allows duty-free importation of Natural Cut and Polished Diamonds weighing less than 4 carats (25 cents), promoting value addition.
• Export Requirement: Exports under the scheme must have at least 10% value added.
• Eligibility: Diamond exporters with USD 15 million in annual exports and Two Star Export House status or higher are eligible for the benefits.

Diamond Imprest License (DIL):

• Validity: 1 year for import and 18 months for export.
• Value: 5% of the average of the past 3 years’ exports, with a maximum value of USD 15 million per exporter annually.

Import and Export Conditions:

• Diamonds imported under the Actual User Condition.
• Import/Export will be restricted to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, Mumbai (Maharashtra).

Focus on MSME Competitiveness: Aimed at Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), providing a level playing field to compete against larger exporters.

India Launches First-ever Survey on Edible Oil Consumption Patterns

On January 9, 2025, the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (MOA&FW) launched the first-ever survey on the “My Gov” portal to assess edible oil consumption patterns across India. This initiative is crucial for supporting the effective implementation of the National Mission on Edible Oils-Oilseeds (NMEO-Oilseeds) and addressing the absence of recent data on edible oil consumption in the country.

Key Details

Objective:

• To gather data on edible oil consumption patterns, aiding the formulation of policies for the NMEO-Oilseeds.
• India is the world’s largest consumer and importer of edible oils, and accurate data is essential for managing supply and demand effectively.

Survey Duration: The questionnaire-based survey runs from January 9 to February 23, 2025, for a period of 45 days.

Industry Insight: Reports indicate that India’s per capita annual consumption (PCAC) of edible oils has surpassed 20 kg, significantly higher than the recommended limits of 12 kg by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and 13 kg by the World Health Organization (WHO).

About the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (MOA&FW)

• Union Minister: Shivraj Singh Chouhan (Constituency: Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh)
• Minister of State (MOS): Ram Nath Thakur (Rajya Sabha, Bihar)

Significance: The survey will provide essential insights into edible oil consumption in India, enabling the government to design targeted interventions to balance consumption and promote healthier alternatives, while also supporting domestic oilseed production under the NMEO-Oilseeds mission.

International news

India and France Strengthen Maritime Security Cooperation

In January 2025, India and France further bolstered their maritime security cooperation during the 7th India-France Maritime Cooperation Dialogue held in New Delhi. This dialogue focused on ensuring peace and security in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), a vital area for global maritime trade.

Key Points

Co-Chairs:

• Pavan Kapoor, Deputy National Security Adviser (NSA), Government of India.
• Alice Rufo, Director General for International Relations and Strategy, Ministry for the Armed Forces, France.

Maritime Security Focus:

Both countries agreed to analyze threats to maritime security in the IOR, aiming to combat issues such as:

• Piracy and armed robbery
• Maritime terrorism
• Contraband smuggling
• Unreported and excessive fishing

Ensuring Secure Sea Lanes: India and France committed to ensuring free and secure access to sea lanes of communication by enhancing their collaboration through maritime assets and organizations.

Maritime Organizations Involved:

• Information Fusion Centre-Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR) in Gurugram, India.
• Regional Coordination Operations Centre (RCOC) in Seychelles.
• Regional Maritime Information Fusion Centre (RMIFC) in Madagascar.

Additional Context India’s Role: India assumes the chairmanship of the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) in 2025 for the next two years, strengthening its leadership in regional maritime security.

Significance: The India-France cooperation on maritime security enhances both nations’ capabilities to address regional challenges in the IOR and contributes to maintaining peace, security, and stability in this strategically important region.

India Joins the Eurodrone Programme as Observer State

In January 2025, India officially joined the Medium Altitude Long Endurance Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (MALE RPAS) or Eurodrone programme as an Observer State. This makes India the second Asia-Pacific country, after Japan, to obtain this status. The move allows India access to technical data and the opportunity to place orders for the Eurodrone aircraft.

Key Details

Approval: The Letter of Approval (LOA) was handed over by Joachim Sucker, Executive Administration Director of the Organisation for Joint Armament Cooperation (OCCAR), to Ajit Gupte, India’s Ambassador to Germany, in Berlin, Germany.

Access and Participation:

• India is granted access to technical data and can place orders for the Eurodrone aircraft.
• However, India will not participate in decision-making related to the platform’s design, development, or distribution of workshare among participating countries.

About OCCAR

• Full Name: Organisation Conjointe de Coopération en matière d’Armement (OCCAR).
• Role: An intergovernmental organization that manages and facilitates collaborative armament programs.
• Director: Joachim Sucker.
• Headquarters: Bonn, Germany.
• Established: 1996.

Banking news

RBI’s Strategic Liquidity Infusion to Stabilize Money Markets

To address liquidity constraints in the Indian banking system, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has infused ₹76,000 crore into the financial system through Variable Rate Repo (VRR) auctions. This measure aims to stabilize short-term interest rates, particularly the call money rates, which had been trading above the RBI’s repo rate of 6.5%.

Crux of the Matter

The RBI’s intervention aims to inject liquidity into the banking system, which will:

• Lower the Weighted Average Call Rate (WACR).
• Align overnight borrowing costs with the repo rate.
• Stabilize short-term interest rates, preventing them from rising sharply above the current repo rate.

Key Details

Auction Details (January 20, 2025):

• Bids accepted: ₹75,772 crore.
• Cut-off rate: 6.51%.
• The liquidity injected is scheduled to be reversed on January 21, 2025.

Liquidity Deficit:

• As of January 19, 2025, the banking system’s liquidity deficit stood at ₹1.93 lakh crore.
• The average deficit in January was ₹1.61 lakh crore.

Market Impact: On January 20, 2025, the WACR closed at 6.60%, indicating overnight borrowing costs were slightly above the repo rate due to the liquidity deficit.

Expert Insights

• Alok Singh, Group Head of Treasury at CSB Bank, noted that while daily VRR auctions help reduce volatility in overnight rates, they may not fully address the higher liquidity deficit in the long term.
• These measures are seen as short-term interventions to stabilize the market but may require additional steps for durable liquidity.

Historical Context: This intervention follows previous actions, including the March 2024 infusion of ₹1.16 lakh crore through three VRR auctions amidst tight liquidity conditions.

Variable Rate Repo (VRR) – Key Points

• Definition: A liquidity adjustment tool used by the RBI to inject short-term funds into the banking system.
• Interest Rate: Determined through an auction, unlike the fixed-rate repo.
• Purpose: To manage liquidity deficits and stabilize short-term interest rates like the call money rate.
• Tenure: Typically short-term, often overnight or up to 14 days.
• Mechanism: Banks bid for funds at varying interest rates, with the RBI accepting the lowest rates first.
• Frequency: Conducted as needed, depending on market liquidity conditions.
• Significance: Ensures market rates align with the RBI’s policy repo rate.

Ranks and report news

19th Global 500 2025 Report by Brand Finance

According to the 19th Global 500 2025 report published by Brand Finance, Apple has retained its position as the world’s most valuable brand, with a brand value of USD 574.5 billion (bn). Tata Group (USD 28.6 bn) is the most valuable Indian brand for the 15th consecutive holding 60th spot in the list.

Top Global Brands

• Apple has retained its position as the world’s most valuable brand with a brand value of USD 574.5 billion.
• Microsoft is ranked 2nd with a value of USD 461.1 billion.
• Google holds the 3rd spot with a brand value of USD 413 billion.

Strongest Brands in the World

• WeChat is the strongest brand for the 2nd consecutive year, with a score of 95.2.
• Nike follows in 2nd place with a score of 94.7.
• Google ranks 3rd with a score of 94.3.

Brand Distribution by Country

• United States has the greatest number of brands, with 193 brands in the list.
• China follows with 69 brands, and Germany ranks 3rd with 27 brands.
• India is ranked 8th, with 15 brands making the list.

Top Indian Brands

• Tata Group remains the most valuable Indian brand for the 15th consecutive year, valued at USD 28.6 billion, ranked 60th globally.
• Infosys is one of the top-performing IT brands globally, with the highest compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.2% over the past 5 years.
• HDFC Group, Life Insurance Corporation (LIC), and Reliance Group round out the top five Indian brands.

Noteworthy Growth

• HCL Technologies (HCLTech) has emerged as the world’s fastest-growing IT services brand in 2025.
• e&, a telecommunications brand, is the fastest-growing brand in the world with an eight-fold increase in brand value, now valued at USD 15.3 billion.

State news

Mizoram Pioneers Property Card Distribution in Northeast

Mizoram has become the first state in Northeast India to distribute property cards under the Survey of Villages Abadi and Mapping with Improvised Technology in Village Areas (SVAMITVA) scheme. On January 18, 2025, Governor Gen (Dr) VK Singh virtually participated in the distribution event from Raj Bhavan, Aizawl. Prime Minister Narendra Modi also attended, distributing over 65 lakh property cards to beneficiaries across 10 states and two Union Territories. Among these, 1,754 property cardholders from 18 villages in Mizoram received their cards.

Participants:

• Governor Gen (Dr) VK Singh participated virtually from Raj Bhavan, Aizawl.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi distributed over 65 lakh property cards to beneficiaries across 10 states and 2 UTs, including 1,754 cards to 18 villages in Mizoram.

SVAMITVA Scheme Overview

• Launch Date: April 24, 2020.
• Objective: To provide legal documentation of property ownership in rural areas using drone and GIS technology.

Significance:

• Property cards serve as legal proof of ownership.
• Usable as collateral for loans and other financial purposes.
• Mizoram’s Implementation Journey

MoU with Survey of India: Signed on July 8, 2021.

Drone Surveys:

• Began on December 9, 2021.
• Completed by December 2, 2024, covering 319 villages across 9 districts.

Property Card Distribution: Started on April 24, 2023.

As of January 18, 2025: 2,909 cards distributed.

Future goal: Provide 35,000 property cards.

The Pangsau Pass International Festival 2025- Celebrating History, Culture, and Heritage in Arunachal Pradesh

The Pangsau Pass International Festival (PPIF) 2025, held in Nampong, Arunachal Pradesh, is a vibrant celebration of the region’s rich cultural heritage and its historical significance during World War II. This year’s festival is particularly special as it coincides with the 80th anniversary of the war’s conclusion. Chief Minister Pema Khandu emphasized plans to bolster tourism by restoring World War II remnants in the region, underscoring the festival’s role in promoting economic growth, cultural exchange, and historical remembrance.

Occasion: Celebrates the region’s cultural heritage and marks the 80th anniversary of World War II’s conclusion.

Significance:

• Promotes tourism, economic growth, and cultural exchange.
• Highlights the historical importance of Pangsau Pass and the Stilwell Road.
• Historical and Geographical Significance of Pangsau Pass

Geographical Facts

Location:

• Situated on the India-Myanmar border, at an altitude of 3,727 feet (1,136 meters).
• Forms a part of the Patkai Hills.

Nearby Areas:

• Pangsau Village (Myanmar) is located 2 km east of the border.
• Close to Chaukan Pass, India’s easternmost point, in Changlang district, Arunachal Pradesh.

Accessibility: One of the most accessible routes from the Assam plains into Myanmar.

Historical Context

• 13th Century: Used by the Ahoms, a Shan tribe, to enter Assam.
• British Era: Surveyed for possible railway and road connections between India and Burma (Myanmar).

No railway was constructed.

World War II:

• Played a key role in constructing the Stilwell Road (Ledo Road).
• Known as “Hell Pass” due to the challenging terrain faced during the road’s construction.
• Used to connect British India to Nationalist China, serving as a vital supply route for Allied forces against Japanese troops.

Science and tech news

Kerala Launches KaWaCHAM: India’s First Fully Integrated Disaster Warning System

On January 21, 2025, Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan launched the Kerala Warnings, Crisis, and Hazard Management (KaWaCHAM) System, India’s first fully integrated disaster warning system. The system was inaugurated at the Kerala State Disaster Management Authority (KSDMA) headquarters in Thiruvananthapuram.

Key Features of KaWaCHAM

Objective:

• To enhance disaster preparedness and response capabilities.
• Issues alerts for extreme weather events such as cyclones and heavy rainfall.

Development:

• Designed by KSDMA with support from the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and the World Bank (WB).
• Part of the National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP).

Symbolism: “KaWaCHAM” means shield in Malayalam, representing protection.

System Infrastructure

Sirens and Emergency Operations:

• A network of 126 siren-strobe light units and 93 emergency operation centers linked through a Virtual Private Network (VPN) and data center.
• 91 sirens installed in Phase 1, with the rest to follow in subsequent phases.

Geographical Deployment:

• Thiruvananthapuram and Ernakulam have the highest number of sirens (13 each).
• Kottayam, Idukki, and Wayanad have the fewest (5 each).

Significance

• Disaster Management: Improves the state’s ability to mitigate risks from cyclones and other extreme weather events.
• Technological Advancement: Establishes Kerala as a leader in using advanced systems for disaster preparedness.

India Launches World’s First Commercial Satellite for Space Situational Awareness (SSA)

In January 2025, Digantara, a Bengaluru-based aerospace company, launched the Space Camera for Object Tracking (SCOT) satellite, marking a significant milestone as the world’s first commercial satellite dedicated to Space Situational Awareness (SSA). The project is backed by the Aditya Birla Group and the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI).

Key Details

Launch Details:

• The SCOT satellite was launched aboard SpaceX’s Transporter-12 mission from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California, USA.
• XDLINX Space Labs, another Indian space-tech startup, also launched its high-tech satellites aimed at monitoring both Earth and space objects.

Purpose of SCOT:

• Space Situational Awareness (SSA): As Earth’s orbits become increasingly crowded with satellites and space debris, SSA is critical to preventing collisions and ensuring the safety of spacecraft.
• SCOT offers precise and reliable tracking capabilities, significantly improving safety in space by monitoring and tracking space objects.

Significance

• Space Safety: SCOT is a significant step toward enhancing global space safety. By providing critical data on space debris and satellite movements, the satellite plays a vital role in preventing potential collisions and ensuring secure operations in space.
• Indian Space-Tech Growth: The successful launch of SCOT marks a key achievement for India’s space-tech sector, showcasing the country’s growing capabilities in Space Situational Awareness and satellite technology.

About Digantara:

• Chief Executive Officer (CEO)- Anirudh Sharma
• Headquarters- Bengaluru, Karnataka
• Established-2018

India to deploy 1st human-operated underwater submersible

India is preparing to deploy its first human-operated underwater submersible as part of the Deep Ocean Mission, a groundbreaking initiative aimed at exploring and harnessing underwater resources while advancing India’s blue economy. The submersible, capable of reaching depths of up to 500 meters, is expected to be launched this year, with plans to extend its operational depth to 6,000 meters by the next year.

Key Objectives of the Deep Ocean Mission

• Exploration of Underwater Resources: Focus on discovering critical minerals, rare metals, and marine biodiversity that have both economic and environmental significance.
• Advancement of the Blue Economy: Promotes the sustainable use of ocean resources, benefiting India’s scientific community and economy.
• Contributions to Fisheries and Conservation: Supports the sustainable fisheries sector and contributes to biodiversity conservation.
• Environmental and Economic Benefits: The mission will help identify and harness underwater resources, providing long-term advantages for India’s economy and environmental protection.

Significance of the Mission

• Human-Operated Submersible: Marks a major step in underwater exploration and deep-sea research.
• Alignment with Space Program: The Deep Ocean Mission runs parallel to the Gaganyaan space program, showcasing India’s advancements in both marine and space technologies.

Sarla Aviation Unveils India’s First eVTOL Air Taxi ‘Shunya’

Sarla Aviation, a Bengaluru-based aerospace startup, has unveiled ‘Shunya,’ India’s first electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) air taxi prototype. This marks a significant advancement in urban air mobility, aiming to alleviate traffic congestion and pollution in Indian cities.

Key Features of ‘Shunya’

Design and Capacity:

• Designed for short trips (20–30 km).
• Accommodates up to 6 passengers with a maximum payload of 680 kg—the highest in its category.

Speed and Efficiency: Maximum speed of 250 km/h, providing a fast alternative to traditional transport.

Environmental Impact: Fully electric, promoting cleaner and sustainable urban transportation.

Sports news

India to Host FIDE Chess World Cup 2025

India is set to host the FIDE Chess World Cup 2025, marking a historic milestone for the country as it takes on the prestigious role of hosting its first major international chess tournament since the 2022 Chennai Chess Olympiad. This event is poised to further solidify India’s growing influence in the global chess arena.

Details of the Tournament

• Dates: The FIDE Chess World Cup 2025 will take place from October 31 to November 27, 2025.
• Format: The tournament follows a knockout format and will feature over 200 players from around the world.

Qualification Importance:

• The event serves as a crucial gateway to the Candidates Tournament, with three qualification spots available for the winners.
• The Candidates Tournament ultimately determines who will challenge the reigning World Chess Champion.

Reaffirmed Hosting Rights: Although there was initial uncertainty due to a retraction in the official announcement by FIDE, sources within the All India Chess Federation (AICF) confirmed that India has indeed secured the hosting rights, reaffirming the country’s commitment to hosting this prestigious event.

Historical Context of India’s Chess Achievements

R. Praggnanandhaa’s Remarkable Performance (2023):

• In the 2023 FIDE Chess World Cup, India’s R. Praggnanandhaa made history by securing the silver medal after a narrow loss to Magnus Carlsen in the final.
• His remarkable performance captivated chess enthusiasts globally and underscored India’s rising prominence in the world of chess.

Viswanathan Anand’s Legacy:

• Viswanathan Anand, one of India’s most iconic chess players, remains the only Indian to have won the FIDE World Cup, securing back-to-back titles in 2000 and 2002.
• Anand’s victories helped elevate India’s reputation in the global chess community and cemented his legacy as one of the greatest chess players of all time.

Significance of India’s Hosting

• Hosting the FIDE Chess World Cup 2025 not only reinforces India’s growing stature in the chess world but also strengthens its role as a leader in global chess development.
• The tournament will bring international attention to India’s chess culture, fostering growth at both the grassroots and professional levels.

Award news

Indian Short Film Anuja Nominated for the Oscars 2025

Anuja, an Indian short film directed by Adam J. Graves and Suchitra Mattai, has earned a nomination for Best Short Film (Live Action) at the Oscars 2025. The film tells the compelling story of a nine-year-old girl, Anuja, and her sister Palak, as they navigate a life-changing opportunity that tests their bond, reflecting the universal struggles faced by girls around the world.

Key Details

• Directors: Adam J. Graves and Suchitra Mattai.
• Backing: The film is produced by Guneet Monga, a two-time Academy Award winner, with support from actors Priyanka Chopra and Mindy Kaling.
• Plot: Follows Anuja and Palak’s journey, offering a poignant look at the challenges young girls face globally.

Other Nominated Films:

• A Lien
• The Last Ranger
• I’m Not a Robot
• The Man Who Could Not Remain Silent

Oscars 2025 Nominations: The nominations were announced by Bowen Yang and Rachel Sennott after being postponed twice earlier in the month due to wildfires in Los Angeles.

Significance: Anuja’s nomination marks a significant achievement for Indian cinema, highlighting the growing global influence of Indian films and the importance of supporting narratives that amplify universal stories.

INCOIS Honored with Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar-2025

The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) in Hyderabad has been selected for the Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar-2025 in the Institutional Category, recognizing its exceptional contributions to disaster management.

INCOIS’s Contributions

• Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre (ITEWC): Provides tsunami alerts within 10 minutes for India and 28 Indian Ocean countries.
• High-Wave, Cyclone, and Storm Surge Forecasts: Protects coastal areas and maritime operations.
• Cyclone Assistance: Facilitated evacuations during 2013 Phailin and 2014 Hudhud cyclones.
• Search and Rescue Aided Tool (SARAT): Assists Coast Guard and Navy in locating lost individuals/objects at sea.
• SynOPS Visualization Platform: Integrates real-time data for better coordination during extreme events.

Recognition and Awards

• Geospatial World Excellence in Maritime Services Award (2024)
• Disaster Risk Reduction Excellence Award (2021)

Conclusion: INCOIS, founded in 1999, plays a critical role in India’s disaster management by providing early warnings for ocean-related hazards and assisting in emergency response operations. The Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar-2025 recognizes its significant impact in this field.