Author: Balaguru Mamundi

We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 3rd and 4th February 2025 current affairs from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs of 3rd and 4th February 2024 current affairsFebruary 2025 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation.

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National news

Rise in Female Labour Force Participation Says Economic Survey

The Economic Survey for 2024-25 highlighted a significant rise in the Female Labour Force Participation Rate (FLFPR) in India, driven largely by women in rural areas joining the workforce. This increase is considered a key factor contributing to the improvement of overall labour market indicators in the country. The findings were presented by Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on January 31, 2025, during the tabling of the survey in Parliament. The surge in FLFPR has been attributed to government schemes, women’s entrepreneurship initiatives, and better inclusion of women in economic activities.

Key Takeaways from the Economic Survey 2024-25:

1. Increase in Female Labour Force Participation Rate (FLFPR):
   • FLFPR rose from 23.3% in 2017-18 to 41.7% in 2023-24.
   • 21 states have FLFPR between 30% and 40%; 7 states/UTs report FLFPR above 40%, with Sikkim leading at 56.9%.
2. Rural Women’s Participation:
   • Rural FLFPR increased from 24.6% in 2017-18 to 47.6% in 2023-24.
   • Government schemes like Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana (DAY-NRLM) helped increase rural women’s workforce participation.
3. Government Initiatives:
   • Skilling programs and better access to credit for rural women contributed to economic participation.
   • Women’s entrepreneurship focus led to 73,151 start-ups with at least one woman director by October 2024.
4. Challenges for Rural Women Entrepreneurs:
   • Barriers include limited business skills, market access, technology gaps, and lack of mentorship.
   • Continued government support for credit, formalization of businesses, and service delivery is essential.
5. Periodic Labour Force Survey:
   • Survey conducted in districts of Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh (November 2024) to capture more women in unpaid work.

Gender Budgeting in 2025-26: A Step Toward Inclusive Growth

The Union Budget 2025-26, presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on February 1, 2025, has made significant strides in gender budgeting, increasing the share of the Gender Budget allocation to 8.86% of the total Union Budget, compared to 6.8% in FY 2024-25. The allocation for women and girls has risen to ₹4.49 lakh crore, marking a 37.25% increase from the previous year’s ₹3.27 lakh crore. Additionally, 49 Ministries/Departments and 5 UTs have reported gender-specific allocations, making it the highest number of contributors to the Gender Budget Statement (GBS) since its inception.

Key Highlights of the Gender Budget 2025-26:

1. Total Gender Budget Allocation:
   • ₹4.49 lakh crore allocated for women and girls, a 37.25% increase from ₹3.27 lakh crore in FY 2024-25.
2. Share in Union Budget:
   • The share of the Gender Budget has increased to 8.86% of the total Union Budget, up from 6.8% in FY 2024-25.
3. Number of Reporting Ministries/Departments:
   • 49 Ministries/Departments have reported gender-specific allocations, an increase from 38 in FY 2024-25.
4. Number of Reporting UTs:
   • 5 Union Territories (UTs) have contributed to the Gender Budget Statement (GBS) for the first time.
5. New Ministries/Departments Reporting for the First Time:
   • New contributors include the Departments of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Biotechnology, Fisheries, Financial Services, Pharmaceuticals, Food & Public Distribution, Land Resources, and Water Resources, as well as Ministries of Food Processing Industries, Panchayati Raj, Ports, Shipping & Waterways, and Railways.
6. Breakdown of Gender Budget Allocations:
   • Part A (100% women-specific schemes): ₹1,05,535.40 crore (23.50% of total GBS).
   • Part B (30-99% allocation for women): ₹3,26,672.00 crore (72.75% of total GBS).
   • Part C (Below 30% allocation for women): ₹16,821.28 crore (3.75% of total GBS).
7. Trends in Gender Budget Statement (GBS):
   • Since its introduction in FY 2005-06, the Gender Budget has grown consistently.
   • The GBS as a percentage of total expenditure was 5% in FY 2019-20 and has now reached 9% in FY 2025-26.

PM-JANMAN Package for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups

The PM-JANMAN Package (Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan) was launched in November 2023 with the primary objective of improving the living conditions of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in India. This initiative comes as a solution to the longstanding challenges faced by these marginalized communities. The mission is designed to bring significant infrastructural and socio-economic improvements through a series of strategic interventions.

Objective: Launched in November 2023, the PM-JANMAN Package aims to uplift Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) by addressing their long-standing socio-economic challenges and improving living conditions. The initiative focuses on comprehensive infrastructural and welfare interventions for these marginalized communities.

Key Interventions:

1. Housing:
2. 4.9 lakh pucca homes will be constructed for PVTG families, providing them with permanent and safe housing.
3. Infrastructure:
4. 8,000 km of roads will be built to improve connectivity and access to markets, healthcare, and education for isolated tribal villages.
5. Healthcare:
6. 1,000 mobile medical units will be deployed to provide essential healthcare services, bridging the gap in healthcare access for remote communities.
7. Education & Skill Development:

4. 2,500 anganwadi centers will be established to enhance early childhood education.
5. Vocational training facilities will be set up to enhance skill development, enabling better job opportunities for tribal youth.
6. Energy:
7. Off-grid solar power systems will be provided to 1 lakh households, ensuring access to clean and sustainable energy.
8. Water Supply:
9. Piped water will be provided to every household, ensuring access to clean water.

Recent Updates:

• The Ministry of Tribal Affairs has expedited the process of sanctioning homes, aiming to accelerate the provision of housing to the most vulnerable tribal families.
• This initiative is part of the government’s broader goal to bridge the development gap between tribal and non-tribal populations, improving the standard of living for PVTGs.

Impact:

• The PM-JANMAN Package addresses crucial needs like safe housing, better infrastructure, healthcare access, education, and energy, which have been historically lacking due to the geographic isolation of these communities.
• The package seeks to provide better living conditions and integrate these communities with mainstream development.

Banking news

SBI Introduces ‘SBI Patrons’ Term Deposit Scheme for Super Senior Citizens

In January 2025, the State Bank of India (SBI) launched a new Term Deposit (TD) scheme called ‘SBI Patrons’ for Super Senior Citizens, defined as residents aged 80 years or above. The scheme offers additional interest benefits, with an interest rate 10 basis points (0.10%) higher than the rates provided to senior citizens.

Key Features:

1. Interest Rates: The scheme offers interest rates ranging from 4.10% to 7.60%. For example, the 1-year TD rate is 7.4%, and the 5-year TD rate is 7.6% for super senior citizens.
2. Deposit Options: The scheme offers Term Deposit Receipt (TDR) and Short-Term Deposit Receipt (STDR) options with a minimum deposit of Rs. 1,000 and a maximum deposit of up to Rs. 3 crore. The tenure for deposits ranges from 7 days to 10 years.
3. Penalty for Premature Withdrawal: A penalty of 0.50% applies for premature withdrawals up to Rs. 5 lakh, and 1% for amounts exceeding Rs. 5 lakh.

This initiative aims to provide super senior citizens with better returns on their savings, supporting their financial stability in their later years.

RBI Tightens Norms for Monetary Penalties and Compounding Offences under Payment and Settlement Systems Act (PSS Act, 2007)

In January 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) introduced stricter norms for imposing monetary penalties and compounding offences under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act (PSS Act, 2007). This new framework aims to streamline and strengthen enforcement actions against payment system operators and banks for violations such as operating without authorization, disclosing prohibited information, and failing to pay penalties within the prescribed time.

Key Provisions:

1. Penalty Provisions: As per Section 30 of the PSS Act, RBI can now impose penalties up to Rs 10 lakh or twice the amount involved in the contravention (whichever is higher), where the amount is quantifiable.
2. Compounding of Offences: Under Section 31 of the Act, RBI officers are authorized to compound contraventions, except for offences punishable with imprisonment or both imprisonment and fine. This change aims to ensure more effective regulatory oversight and quicker resolutions in cases of non-compliance.

NPCI Implements New Rules for UPI Transaction ID from February 1, 2025

The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has introduced new regulations for Unified Payments Interface (UPI) transactions, which came into effect on February 1, 2025. Under the new guidelines, all UPI transaction IDs containing special characters (such as @, #, $, %, etc.) will be declined, and only alphanumeric characters will be permitted.

Key Points:

1. Enforcement of Alphanumeric Only Transaction IDs: The regulation mandates that UPI transaction IDs must exclusively use alphanumeric characters, aligning with technical specifications set by NPCI in March 2024.
2. Compliance with Technical Standards: The move follows NPCI’s earlier Operating Circular (OC 193) from March 2024, which called for standardizing transaction IDs to facilitate smoother operations across UPI platforms.
3. System Updates for Compliance: Banks, payment service providers, and third-party applications (apps) are required to update their systems in accordance with the new rules before the enforcement date.

Banking news

Rajesh Nirwan Appointed Director General of BCAS

In January 2025, the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has approved the appointment of a 1992-batch senior Indian Police Service (IPS) officer of the Rajasthan cadre Rajesh Nirwan as the Director General (DG) of the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) under the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA).

Agreement news

MoU Signed Between DIID, MoSPI & IIIT-Delhi to Enhance India’s Statistical Ecosystem through Data Innovation Lab (DIL) Initiative

DIID, MOSPI & IIIT-Delhi Sign MoU to Strengthen India’s Statistical Ecosystem On January 30, 2025, the Data Informatics and Innovation Division (DIID), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology (IIIT-Delhi) under the Data Innovation Lab (DIL) initiative to modernize India’s National Statistical System (NSS).

• Parties Involved: Data Informatics and Innovation Division (DIID), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), and Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology (IIIT-Delhi)
• Objective: The partnership aims to modernize India’s National Statistical System (NSS) under the Data Innovation Lab (DIL) initiative.

Key Points:

• Focus: This collaboration seeks to integrate academic expertise with government practices, fostering innovative solutions for India’s evolving statistical challenges.
• Challenges Addressed: Data integration, real-time analytics, and predictive modeling.
• DIL Initiative: Launched by MoSPI in July 2024, the DIL initiative aims to revolutionize official statistics through innovation and build a research-driven ecosystem.
• Technologies Used: The Data Innovation Lab leverages emerging technologies such as AI, ML, and Big Data Analytics to enhance the processes of data collection, processing, and dissemination.
• Academic Collaborations: The DIL initiative has partnered with over 100 academic institutions, including IITs and IIMs, to bring cutting-edge research into India’s statistical framework.

State news

Inauguration of ‘Utkarsh Odisha – Make in Odisha Conclave 2025’

In January 2025, Prime Minister (PM) of India, Narendra Modi inaugurated the ‘Utkarsh Odisha – Make in Odisha Conclave 2025′ and the ‘Make in Odisha Exhibition’ in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

• Date & Location: January 28-29, 2025, in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
• Inauguration: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the event, marking a significant milestone for Odisha’s industrial growth.

Key Highlights:

• Participants: Industry leaders, investors, and policymakers from over 16 countries, with partner countries Singapore, Malaysia, and Australia.
• Purpose: To explore and promote investment opportunities in Odisha across various sectors.

Outcomes of the Event:

• MOUs Signed: 145 Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs) signed during the conclave.
• Investment Commitments: Rs 16.73 lakh crore committed across sectors like:
  • Chemicals & petrochemicals
  • Textiles
  • Mining & metallurgy
  • Renewable energy (RE)
  • IT/ITES
  • Tourism
  • Food processing

Defence news

Maldives host the 13th edition of the ‘Ekuverin’ military exercise

The 13th edition of the joint India-Maldives military exercise ‘Ekuverin’ is being hosted by Maldives from 2-15 February 2025. The inaugural ceremony of the 13th Ekuverin exercise between the Indian Army and the Maldives National Defence Forces (MNDF) was held at the Official Composite Training Center of the MNDF at Maafilaafushi in Maldives on 2 February 2025.

About Ekuverin Exercise:

• Meaning: ‘Ekuverin’ translates to ‘Friends’ in Dhivehi (Maldives’ language).
• Started in: 2009, aimed to strengthen military ties between India and Maldives.
• Participants: Indian Army and MNDF.
• Frequency & Rotation: Held alternately in India and the Maldives.
• Focus:
  • Counter-insurgency operations.
  • Joint humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations.
• Participants’ Level: Platoon-level contingent from both countries.

Purpose & Goals:

• Enhance coordination and operational partnership between the Indian Army and MNDF.
• Improve joint preparedness for counter-insurgency and disaster relief operations.

Defence Cooperation Between India and Maldives:

• Political & Defence Relationship: Close ties since 1998 with a focus on defence and security cooperation.
• Comprehensive Action Plan (2016): Strengthened military relations, including military hardware gifts and training for MNDF personnel.
• Regular Military Exercises: Joint exercises are held to promote strong ties and operational synergy.

Other Key India-Maldives Military Exercises:

1. Exercise Katha (Indian Navy & MNDF Naval Wing)
   • 6th edition in Maldives (June-July 2023).
   • First edition in 2017.
2. Exercise Shield (Indian Navy, MNDF, Sri Lanka Navy)
   • Anti-narcotics and maritime search and rescue.
   • First edition in 2021, virtual exercise.
3. Exercise Dosti (Indian, Maldives, Sri Lanka Coast Guards)
   • Annual exercise since 1991 (Maldives & India), Sri Lanka joined in 2012.
   • 16th edition held in February 2024 near Male, Maldives.

DRDO Conducts Three Back-to-Back VSHORADS Trials

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully carried out three successive flight trials of the Very Short-Range Air Defence System (VSHORADS) on February 1, 2025, from the Chandipur test range off the Odisha coast. These tests were conducted against high-speed aerial targets flying at low altitudes, reinforcing India’s air defence capabilities. The trials showcased the missile system’s precision, reliability, and effectiveness in neutralizing airborne threats, particularly drones and loitering munitions.

Successful Flight Tests:

• DRDO conducted three consecutive flight trials of the Very Short-Range Air Defence System (VSHORADS) on February 1, 2025, at the Chandipur test range in Odisha.
• The tests targeted high-speed, low-altitude threats simulating drones.

Impressive Interception Capability:

• In all trials, the system successfully intercepted and destroyed the targets, which mimicked low-flying drones with reduced thermal signatures.

Final Deployment Configuration:

• The missile system was tested in its final deployment configuration.
• Two field operators managed weapon readiness, target acquisition, and missile launch.

Accurate Tracking & Performance Verification:

• Advanced telemetry, electro-optical tracking, and radar confirmed the missile’s precision and performance in neutralizing aerial threats.

Indigenous Development & Military Application:

• Developed by Research Centre Imarat with DRDO collaboration, VSHORADS is a man-portable air defence system (MANPADS) for the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
• It is crucial for close air defence, particularly against drones and loitering munitions.

Appreciation: Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and DRDO Chairman Dr. Samir V Kamat praised the achievement and efforts of DRDO and its collaborators.

India’s Defence Ministry Pilot Study on LAWS

In February 2025, India’s Defence Ministry, in collaboration with the Manohar Parrikar Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses, conducted a pilot study on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS). The study is part of India’s exploration into the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in modern warfare. This is a crucial step in evaluating how AI can be integrated into India’s defense strategy while addressing the ethical, legal, and accountability challenges of employing such advanced systems in military operations.

Importance of AI in India’s Defence:

• Global Trend: AI is increasingly becoming a key element in military strategies worldwide, and India recognizes its potential in strengthening its defense capabilities.
• Autonomy and Efficiency: AI enables military systems to operate autonomously, which means they can make decisions without constant human oversight. This is particularly valuable for quicker decision-making in combat scenarios, allowing faster responses to rapidly changing situations.
• Strategic Autonomy: For India, AI is essential for maintaining strategic autonomy. In the context of modern warfare, technological superiority is closely tied to military power. AI can help India remain competitive and resilient against evolving threats.
• Security and Military Superiority: AI is seen as crucial for India to strengthen its defense technology, improve combat effectiveness, and reduce human intervention in critical military operations.

India’s Position in the Global AI Arms Race:

• Global Competition: India is not the only nation exploring AI for military applications. Over 50 countries, including global powers such as the United States, China, Russia, and allies like Japan and South Korea, are actively developing their AI-based military strategies.
• Race for Technological Superiority: The global race to integrate AI into military operations is intensifying. Nations are keen to maintain technological superiority to secure national security, and India must act swiftly to develop its own sovereign AI capabilities to avoid falling behind other major military powers.
• Strategic Imperative: In this evolving landscape, India’s swift progress in AI development is essential to ensure that its defense capabilities are on par with other global powers, safeguarding national security and strategic interests.

India’s Strategy for AI in Defence:

• Commitment to Responsible AI Development: India is committed to the development of AI in defense not just in terms of technology but also in a framework that ensures ethical and responsible usage.

• AI Task Force (2018): In 2018, India established the AI Task Force to steer efforts in AI integration within defense.
• Defence AI Council and Project Agency: The Defence Ministry formed the Defence AI Council and the Defence AI Project Agency, both of which focus on advancing AI applications in defense. These bodies are tasked with identifying key areas where AI can be effectively used, already outlining 75 priority areas.
• Collaboration with iDEX: India’s armed services are working closely with the Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) initiative, which promotes innovation and the development of cutting-edge technologies, including AI solutions.
• Ethical and Responsible Use of AI:

• Responsible Application in Combat: India’s approach to AI in defense emphasizes caution, especially when it comes to lethal autonomous weapons that can operate independently in warfare. Ethical concerns regarding accountability and decision-making in combat situations are central to India’s considerations.
• Global Engagement: India is actively participating in international discussions on the use of LAWS, advocating for a regulated and responsible framework for their use. The country has pushed for global dialogue on the matter and has suggested that the UN establish a Group of Governmental Experts to explore the ethical and legal implications of LAWS further.
• Position on International Law: While India abstained from the 2024 United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolution on LAWS, it remains dedicated to ensuring that the use of AI in military operations complies with international humanitarian law.

Science and tech news

Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla to Pilot Axiom Mission 4 to ISS

In January 2025, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)’s astronaut and the fighter pilot of Indian Air Force (IAF), Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, has been named the pilot for Axiom Mission 4(Ax-4), a private spaceflight for International Space Station (ISS). • With this announcement, he will become the 1st Indian astronaut to go to the ISS on a private mission and also the 1st Indian to go to space in the last 40 years.

Brief Notes:

• Historic Achievement: Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, an astronaut of ISRO and a fighter pilot with the Indian Air Force (IAF), has been named the pilot for the Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) private spaceflight to the International Space Station (ISS).
• Significance: He will become the first Indian astronaut to participate in a private mission to the ISS and the first Indian to go to space in 40 years.

About Shubhanshu Shukla:

• Commissioned into IAF on June 17, 2006.
• A fighter combat leader and test pilot with over 2,000 flight hours.
• Experienced in flying various aircraft, including Su-30 MKI, MiG-21, MiG-29, and more.
• Promoted to Wing Commander in 2019 and Group Captain in 2024.
• Selected as one of the 4 astronaut-designates for India’s Gaganyaan mission.

About Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4):

• A private astronaut mission to the ISS, scheduled for 2025, organized by Axiom Space in collaboration with NASA.
• Axiom Space has contracted SpaceX for transportation to and from the space station.
• The mission will include 14 days of scientific experiments, educational outreach, and commercial activities.
• The mission will launch from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

Other Crew Members of Ax-4:

• Mission Commander: Peggy Whitson (NASA, USA)
• Mission Specialists: Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski (ESA, Poland) and Tibor Kapu (Hungary)

About NASA:

• Acting Administrator: Janet Petro
• Headquarters: Washington D.C., USA
• Established: 1958

Garuda Aerospace Pledges Rs 100 Crore Investment for India’s 1st ‘Drone City’ in Andhra Pradesh

In January 2025, Chennai-based Garuda Aerospace Private Limited, a leading drone manufacturing company, announced its commitment to invest Rs 100 crore for the development of India’s first ‘Drone City’ in Orvakal village, Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh (AP).

Key Points:

1. Investment for Drone Innovation: The proposed Drone City aims to become a hub for drone innovation, Research & Development (R&D), and contribute to transforming India into a global leader in drone technology.
2. Vision Alignment with National Initiatives: Agnishwar Jayaprakash, CEO of Garuda Aerospace, stated that the project aligns with the ‘Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra’ and supports the ‘Namo Drone Didi’ initiative, which empowers rural women through drone technology.
3. Regulatory Approvals: Garuda Aerospace has already received six approvals from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), including Type Certification and Remote Pilot Training Organisation (RPTO) approvals.

Garuda Aerospace’s commitment to the Drone City aims to bolster India’s position in the global drone industry while promoting innovation, employment, and socio-economic empowerment, especially for rural women.

ISRO’s NVS-02 Satellite Faces Orbit-Raising Challenge

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is addressing a significant technical issue with its NVS-02 navigation satellite, launched on January 29, 2025, aboard the GSLV-F15 rocket. Post-launch, the satellite’s solar panels deployed successfully, and communication with ground control was established. However, a malfunctioning valve has prevented the Liquid Apogee Motor (LAM) from firing, hindering the satellite’s orbit-raising maneuvers. Consequently, NVS-02 remains in an elliptical Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) instead of reaching its designated geostationary orbit.

Overview:

• Launch Date: January 29, 2025, aboard the GSLV-F15 rocket.
• Post-launch: Successful solar panel deployment and communication with ground control.
• Issue: A malfunctioning valve prevented the Liquid Apogee Motor (LAM) from firing, hindering the satellite’s orbit-raising maneuvers.

Cause of the Problem:

• The failure of valves to open prevented the oxidizer from reaching the thrusters required for orbit-raising operations.
• The satellite is stuck in an elliptical Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) instead of achieving the desired geostationary orbit.

ISRO’s Response:

• A dedicated committee has been set up to explore recovery options and rectify the valve malfunction.
• Ongoing efforts to resolve the issue, but the satellite remains operational despite the delay in reaching the correct orbit.

Impact on India’s Navigation System:

• NVS-02 is part of NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation), India’s independent regional navigation system.
• The issue with NVS-02 may affect the planned expansion and enhancement of the NavIC constellation, impacting its Position, Velocity, and Timing (PVT) services across India and surrounding regions.

Award news

Chandrika Tandon wins Best New Age Album Award at the 67th Grammy

Indian-born American musician Chandrika Tandon won her first Grammy award in the ‘ Best New Age Album, Ambient or Chant Album category’ for her album Triveni at the 67th Grammy Awards 2025. This was the first Grammy Award for the 71-year-old Chandrika Tandon who was once nominated for a Grammy award in 2011 for her album Soul Call. The 67th annual Grammy Awards function was held at Crypto.com Arena in Los Angeles, the United States of America, on 2 February 2025.

About Chandrika Tandon:

• Background: Born in Chennai, India, and an alumnus of the Indian Institute of Management – Ahmedabad, she began her professional career with Citibank.
• Musical Training: She is a trained Carnatic and Hindustani vocalist.
• Album “Triveni”: A collaboration featuring South African flautist Wouter Kellerman (three-time Grammy winner) and Japanese cellist Eru Matsumoto. The album blends Vedic chants, meditative tones, and world music, representing diverse cultural influences.

Competition:

• Tandon’s album Triveni beat other notable nominees, including Padma Shri Ricky Kej (three-time Grammy winner) and Anoushka Shankar (daughter of Pandit Ravi Shankar), who have both been significant figures in the world of music.

Indian Grammy Winners:

• Pandit Ravi Shankar: Five-time Grammy winner, the most for any Indian or Indian-origin musician.
• Zakir Hussain: Four-time Grammy winner.
• Ricky Kej: Three-time Grammy winner.
• AR Rahman: Two-time Grammy winner.
• Other notable Indian Grammy winners include Vishwa Mohan Bhatt, Tanvi Shah, and Shakti, among others.

Other Notable 67th Grammy Winners (2025):

• Album of the Year: Cowboy Carter – Beyoncé
• Record of the Year: Not Like Us – Kendrick Lamar
• Best New Artist: Chappell Roan
• Best Pop Solo Performance: Espresso – Sabrina Carpenter
• Best Rock Album: Hackney Diamonds – The Rolling Stones
• Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media: Dune: Part Two – Hans Zimmer

Important days

World Wetlands Day 2025 Date, Theme, Challenges, Role of RAMSAR Convention

World Wetlands Day, celebrated annually on February 2, raises global awareness about the critical role wetlands play in supporting biodiversity, human well-being, and cultural heritage. The 2025 theme, ‘Protecting Wetlands for Our Common Future’, emphasizes the significance of wetlands in preserving life, combating climate change, and supporting sustainable livelihoods. Wetlands are vital ecosystems that contribute significantly to the planet’s ecological balance, and protecting them is essential for the future of both nature and humanity.

Purpose of World Wetlands Day:

• Raise awareness about the importance of wetlands for biodiversity, human well-being, and cultural heritage.
• Highlight the vital ecosystems wetlands represent and promote actions for their protection.

2025 Theme:

• ‘Protecting Wetlands for Our Common Future’ emphasizes the role of wetlands in preserving life, combating climate change, and supporting sustainable livelihoods.

Wetlands as Productive Ecosystems:

• Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems globally, providing essential services like carbon sinks that help in combating climate change.
• They ensure freshwater security and are critical for the survival of many communities and species.

Cultural and Economic Significance:

• Wetlands have shaped human cultures and provide livelihoods through activities like fishing, agriculture, and tourism.

Threats to Wetlands:

• Wetlands face significant threats from pollution, land reclamation, and climate change.
• Ongoing conservation efforts are essential to protect wetland biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Role of UNESCO and Ramsar Convention:

• UNESCO supports the Ramsar Convention, an international treaty focused on conserving wetlands.
• Ramsar Sites and UNESCO World Heritage properties are designated to improve protection efforts and ensure sustainable use of wetlands.

World Wetlands Day and COP15:

• The theme aligns with the 15th Meeting of the Ramsar Convention Conference of the Parties (COP15) in July 2025 at Mosi-oa-Tunya/Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe.
• COP15 will set global goals for wetland conservation and highlight the importance of protecting wetlands worldwide.

Notable Wetlands Protected under Ramsar and UNESCO:

1. Mont-Saint-Michel and its Bay (France): A coastal wetland supporting migratory birds and fisheries.
2. Wood Buffalo National Park (Canada): Protects one of the largest inland deltas, vital for freshwater.
3. Banc d’Arguin National Park (Mauritania): Critical for migratory birds and local livelihoods.
4. Itsukushima Shinto Shrine (Japan): Wetlands that are essential for cultural heritage and tourism.

Ramsar Sites in India:

• India’s Ramsar Sites list has expanded to 89 sites, with new additions in Sikkim and Jharkhand.
• Newly added sites (February 2025):
  • Sakkarakottai Bird Sanctuary (Tamil Nadu)
  • Therthangal Bird Sanctuary (Tamil Nadu)
  • Khecheopalri Wetland (Sikkim)
  • Udhwa Lake (Jharkhand)

World Cancer Day, Date, Theme, History, Significance, Symptoms, Treatment

Cancer is one of the most significant health challenges that humanity faces today, with millions of people diagnosed and millions more succumbing to the disease each year. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer accounted for nearly 10 million deaths globally in 2022. With its staggering impact, cancer remains a leading cause of mortality, underscoring the importance of addressing the disease at all levels. World Cancer Day, observed annually on February 4th, serves as a powerful reminder to raise awareness, take action, and reduce the global burden of this life-threatening condition. This day encourages individuals, communities, and governments to come together in the fight against cancer.

Purpose:

• World Cancer Day aims to raise awareness, promote action, and reduce the global burden of cancer, a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
• In 2022, cancer caused nearly 10 million deaths globally, highlighting the need for global collaboration in fighting the disease.

History:

• Established: February 4th, 2000, during the World Cancer Summit for the New Millennium in Paris.
• Organized by: The Union for International Cancer Control (UICC).
• Paris Charter Against Cancer: Set goals to promote cancer research, improve patient care, raise awareness, and mobilize global action against cancer.

Theme for World Cancer Day 2025:

• “United by Unique” launches a three-year campaign until 2027.
• Focus Areas:
  • Personal Stories: Sharing the experiences of cancer patients, survivors, and caregivers.
  • Personalized Care: Advocating for healthcare systems offering tailored treatments based on individual patient needs.
  • Inclusivity: Ensuring equal access to compassionate cancer care for all individuals, regardless of background or socio-economic status.

February 1st and 2nd Current Affairs

We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 1st and 2nd February 2025 current affairs January 2025 current affairs curated from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs of 1st and 2nd February 2025 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation.

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National news

India with 89 Sites has the largest number of Ramsar sites in Asia

India has recently added four new wetlands to the Ramsar Wetland Sites list, bringing the total number of Ramsar sites in the country to 89. This makes India the third-largest country in the world in terms of Ramsar sites, after the United Kingdom (175) and Mexico (142). India leads Asia in the number of Ramsar sites, ahead of China (82 sites). Tamil Nadu has the highest number of Ramsar sites in India, with 20 sites.

The four new sites are:

1. Sakkarakottai Bird Sanctuary (Tamil Nadu): A man-made tank from 1321 A.D., home to 116 bird species, including some near-threatened species.
2. Therthangal Bird Sanctuary (Tamil Nadu): Another man-made tank, home to 48 bird species, also important for migratory birds.
3. Khecheopalri Wetland (Sikkim): A high-altitude lake surrounded by forest, hosting Trans-Himalayan migratory birds.
4. Udhwa Lake (Jharkhand): A large lake connected to the Ganga River, home to 83 bird species, including endangered and near-threatened species.

Wetlands are crucial ecosystems that provide flood mitigation, groundwater recharge, improve water quality, and serve as carbon sinks. The Ramsar Convention, established in 1971, aims to protect these vital areas globally. India ratified the convention in 1982 and has progressively added wetlands to the Ramsar list, starting with Keoladeo National Park and Chilika Lake in 1981.

The largest Ramsar site in India is the Sunderbans, while the smallest is Renuka in Himachal Pradesh.

Ramsar Convention and India

• on 1 February 1982, India ratified the Ramsar Convention.
• First Indian wetland sites- Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan) and Chilika Lake (Odisha) in 1981.
• Tamil Nadu has a maximum of 20 sites.
• Largest Ramsar site: Sunderban of West Bengal.
• Smallest Ramsar: Renuka in Himachal Pradesh.

India Gate Lighted to Mark World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day 2025

The iconic India Gate was illuminated on 30th January 2025 in vibrant hues of purple and orange colours on the occasion of World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day. The World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day is observed every year since 2022 on 30th January to raise awareness about neglected tropical diseases. 

On this occasion across the world, iconic landmarks are lit up to emphasize the importance of the world’s collective action to combat these debilitating diseases.

Who organised the event in India?

• The lighting of the India Gate event on the occasion of the World Neglected Tropical Disease was organised by the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. 
• The special focus during the event was on Lymphatic Filariasis and Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala-Azar, diseases that threaten around 40 crore people in India.
• The illumination of India Gate was accompanied by a street play focussed on these diseases and on the importance of eradicating these diseases through behavioral changes and mass participation in the Ministry’s initiatives like Mass Drug Administration rounds for Lymphatic Filariasis.

About the World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day

• The apex decision-making body of the World Health Organisation (WHO), the World Health Assembly passed a resolution on 31 May 2021 to observe 30th January as the World Neglected Tropical Diseases. 
• The first World Neglected Tropical Disease Day was observed on 30th January 2022.
• The day seeks to raise the awareness of global leaders and the public about the neglected tropical disease which threatens an estimated 1.5 billion people mainly in poor developing countries.

Theme of the World Neglected Tropical  Disease Day 2025

The theme of the 2025 World Neglected Tropical  Disease Day is Unite. Act. Eliminate.

About the Neglected Tropical Disease   

• According to the WHO, neglected tropical diseases refer to a diverse group of diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi, and toxins.
• These diseases are mainly prevalent among poor people in tropical areas and an estimated more than 1.5  billion people are affected by them.
• Many of these diseases are vector-borne, have animal reservoirs, and are associated with complex life cycles. 

About the India Gate 

• The 42-meter-tall India Gate designed by Edward Lutyen is situated in the Indian capital city of New Delhi.
• The foundation stone was laid by Prince Arthur, the Duke of Connaught in 1921.
• It was inaugurated by Viceroy Lord Irwin on 12 February 1931.
• The India Gate is dedicated to the British and Indian soldiers killed during the First World War. After Independence Amar Jawan Jyoti was constructed beneath India Gate in memory of the soldiers who died during the India-Pakistan war of 1971.
• India Gate arch stands on the base of red Bharatpur stone and rises in stages to a huge moulding.

Centre Allocates Rs 3,027 Cr for Disaster Mitigation

A High-Level Committee (HLC), chaired by Union Home Minister Amit Shah, has approved a substantial allocation of Rs 3,027.86 crore for various disaster mitigation projects across different states in India. The committee, which includes key members such as Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan, and the Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog, reviewed and approved a range of projects aimed at addressing lightning safety, drought-prone regions, and forest fire management. These projects are intended to strengthen India’s disaster preparedness and reduce the impact of natural disasters.

Total Financial Approval: Rs 3,027.86 crore approved for various disaster mitigation projects across multiple states.

Committee Composition:

• Chaired by Union Home Minister Amit Shah.
• Includes Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan, and NITI Aayog Vice Chairman.

Funding Source: The funds will be sourced from the National Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF).

Approved Projects:

1. Drought-Prone Areas:

1. Total Cost: Rs 2,022.16 crore.
2. Central Share: Rs 1,200 crore.
3. Target: 12 drought-prone states.
4. States Covered: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh.
5. Lightning Safety:

2. Total Cost: Rs 186.78 crore.
3. Target: 10 states with high lightning-prone areas.
4. States Covered: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.
5. Forest Fire Risk Management:

3. Total Cost: Rs 818.92 crore.
4. Central Share: Rs 690.63 crore.
5. Target: 144 high-priority districts.
6. States Covered: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttarakhand.

Other Previously Approved Projects:

• Urban Flood Risk Mitigation: Rs 3,075.65 crore for 7 major cities.
• GLOF (Glacial Lake Outburst Flood) Risk Mitigation: Rs 150 crore for 4 states.
• Landslide Risk Mitigation: Rs 1,000 crore for 15 states.

Objective: The projects are aimed at strengthening India’s disaster preparedness and reducing the impact of natural disasters such as droughts, lightning, forest fires, floods, and landslides.

International news

EAM Jaishankar Chief Guest of the 1st Raisina Middle East Conference

The first Raisina Middle East Conference was held in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) capital city, Abu Dhabi, on 28 and 29 January 2025. External Affairs Minister Dr S. Jaishankar was the Chief Guest of the first Raisina Middle East Conference.

• Dr S.Jaishankar was on a three-day official visit to the UAE on 27 and 29 January 2025. 
• This was the third visit to the UAE by Dr Jaishankar since he was reappointed as the External Affairs Minister in June 2024.
• The Raisina Dialogue is India’s premier conference on geopolitics and geoeconomics which brings together experts to discuss the most challenging issues facing the world community.

• Organizing Body: The event was organized by the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in India.
• Focus on Specific Diseases: The special focus was on Lymphatic Filariasis and Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar), which affect around 40 crore people in India.
• Awareness Campaign: A street play accompanied the lighting, aiming to raise awareness about the diseases and encourage participation in initiatives like Mass Drug Administration for Lymphatic Filariasis.

Niger Achieves Historic Milestone: First African Nation to Eliminate Onchocerciasis

On January 30, 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that Niger has become the first country in the African region to officially eliminate onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, as a public health threat. This remarkable achievement places Niger alongside just four other countries globally—Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico—that have successfully halted the transmission of the parasitic disease. It marks a significant moment in public health, especially for sub-Saharan Africa, where onchocerciasis has long been a major concern. According to WHO, Niger’s success reflects the progress made in controlling and eliminating neglected tropical diseases.

Global Context:

• Niger joins only four other countries globally—Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico—that have successfully halted the transmission of onchocerciasis.

What is Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)?

• Cause: A parasitic worm transmitted by the bite of infected blackflies.
• Symptoms: Can cause severe itching, skin rashes, and, in severe cases, blindness.
• Impact: It is the second-leading infectious cause of blindness globally and affects millions in sub-Saharan Africa, especially rural communities near fast-flowing rivers where blackflies breed.

How Niger Achieved the Milestone:

• Start of Effort: Niger joined the WHO’s Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP) in 1976.
• Initial Strategy: Focused on controlling blackfly populations through aerial insecticide spraying.
• Ivermectin: Distribution of Ivermectin (donated by Merck & Co.) to reduce the parasitic burden.
• Shift in Strategy (1995): African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) introduced community-directed treatment with Ivermectin, involving local communities in the distribution process.
• Progress: By 2014, the prevalence dropped dramatically from 60% to just 0.02%.

Significance for Public Health in Africa:

• Beacon of Hope: Niger’s success is a powerful example for other African nations dealing with neglected tropical diseases.
• Global Recognition: WHO’s acknowledgment of Niger’s achievement underscores the importance of sustained, long-term public health efforts.
• Inspiration for Other Countries: Niger’s victory serves as an inspiring model for other countries in Africa to replicate, showing that elimination of onchocerciasis is possible with the right strategies, international cooperation, and community involvement.

What This Means for the Future:

• Public Health Victory: This milestone reinforces that concerted efforts can make a significant difference in combating neglected tropical diseases.
• Catalyst for Change: Niger’s example could catalyze further public health campaigns across Africa and other regions facing similar challenges.

World health organisation:

• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Founded: 7 April 1948
• Director-General: Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus

Economy news

Union Budget 2025-26: Focus on Growth, Fiscal Discipline, and Social Welfare; Here’s a detailed analysis

The Union Budget 2025-26 outlines a comprehensive framework for India’s economic growth, focusing on infrastructure, inclusive development, fiscal prudence, and job creation. With a total expenditure of ₹50.65 lakh crore, the government aims to enhance various sectors, focusing on agriculture, MSMEs, infrastructure, and social development, while targeting a fiscal deficit of 4.4% of GDP.

Key Focus Areas in the Budget:

1. Agriculture & Rural Prosperity:

• Programs: National Mission on High Yielding Seeds, Makhana Board to boost agricultural productivity.
• Farmer Support: Enhanced credit through Kisan Credit Cards and missions promoting sustainable cotton farming and pulses production.

2. MSME Support:

• Revised MSME Classification: Updated limits for investment and turnover to encourage growth.
• Credit Guarantees: Custom credit cards for up to 10 lakh micro-enterprises.
• Focus on labor-intensive sectors such as footwear, leather, toy, and food processing industries.

3. Infrastructure & Urban Development:

• Urban Challenge Fund: ₹1 lakh crore allocated for city redevelopment and water management.
• State Support: ₹1.5 lakh crore allocated for capital expenditure, including interest-free loans.

4. Technological & Educational Advancements:

• Medical Education Expansion: Increased focus on AI and Atal Tinkering Labs.
• Rural Connectivity: Broadband in rural schools and development of Centers of Excellence for skilling.

5. Tax Reforms:

• Income Tax Relief: Targeted reforms for the middle class, including deductions for senior citizens and changes to TDS for rent.
• Simplified Tax Filing: Proposals for rationalizing tax structures and extending deadlines for filing updated returns.

6. Financial Sector Reforms:

• Increased FDI limits in the insurance sector.
• Introduction of Grameen Credit Score and revamped KYC registry to improve rural credit access.

Government Revenue Sources:

1. Corporation Tax: 17% of total revenue
2. Income Tax: 22% (includes Securities Transaction Tax)
3. Customs Duty: 4%
4. Union Excise Duties: 5%
5. GST & Other Taxes: 18%
6. Non-Tax Receipts: 9%
7. Non-Debt Capital Receipts: 1%
8. Borrowings & Liabilities: 24%

Government Expenditure Breakdown:

1. Total Expenditure: ₹50.65 lakh crore

1. Revenue Expenditure: ₹39.44 lakh crore
2. Capital Expenditure: ₹11.21 lakh crore
3. Effective Capital Expenditure: ₹15.48 lakh crore
4. Major Expenditures:

2. Interest Payments: ₹12.76 lakh crore
3. Defence: ₹4.91 lakh crore
4. Pensions: ₹2.77 lakh crore
5. Subsidies:
   • Food: ₹20,34,20 crore
   • Fertilizer: ₹16,78,87 crore
   • Petroleum: ₹12,100 crore

Deficit Indicators:

• Fiscal Deficit: ₹1,56,89,36 crore (4.4% of GDP)
• Revenue Deficit: ₹5,23,846 crore (1.5% of GDP)
• Primary Deficit: ₹2,92,598 crore (0.8% of GDP)

Key Infrastructure and Development Allocations:

• Rural Development: ₹2,66,817 crore
• Education: ₹1,28,650 crore
• Healthcare: ₹98,311 crore
• Urban Development: ₹96,777 crore
• Transport Infrastructure: ₹5,48,649 crore

Major Government Schemes & Allocations:

1. Agriculture & Rural Development:

1. PM-KISAN: ₹63,500 crore
2. Mahatma Gandhi NREGA: ₹86,000 crore
3. PM Awas Yojana: ₹74,626 crore
4. Education & Employment:

2. PM Schools for Rising India: ₹7,500 crore
3. Samagra Shiksha: ₹41,250 crore
4. Skill Development: ₹13,560 crore
5. Health & Social Welfare:

3. Ayushman Bharat – PMJAY: ₹9,406 crore
4. POSHAN 2.0: ₹21,960 crore
5. Social Assistance Programs: ₹9,652 crore
6. Infrastructure & Industrial Development:

4. Jal Jeevan Mission: ₹67,000 crore
5. PM Gram Sadak Yojana: ₹19,000 crore
6. PLI Schemes: ₹2,445 crore

Budget Allocations for Key Ministries:

1. Ministry of Finance: ₹19.39 lakh crore
2. Ministry of Defence: ₹6.81 lakh crore
3. Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution: ₹2.15 lakh crore
4. Ministry of Railways: ₹2.55 lakh crore
5. Ministry of Road Transport & Highways: ₹2.87 lakh crore

Other Key Ministry Allocations:

• Ministry of Education: ₹1.28 lakh crore
• Ministry of Health & Family Welfare: ₹99,858 crore
• Ministry of Rural Development: ₹1.90 lakh crore
• Ministry of Commerce & Industry: ₹18,446 crore

Summit news

India to Host BRICS Youth Entrepreneurship Meet in March 2025

India is set to host the BRICS Youth Council Entrepreneurship Working Group Meeting from March 3 to 7, 2025, under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. The event, themed “Youth Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Growth,” will bring together approximately 45 youth representatives from the BRICS nations: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The focus of the discussions will be on enhancing youth entrepreneurship across these nations, fostering innovation, and creating sustainable growth pathways.

Purpose of the BRICS Youth Entrepreneurship Meeting

The key objectives of this meeting include:

• Establishing the BRICS Youth Council’s Entrepreneurship Working Group as a permanent initiative.
• Aligning entrepreneurship efforts across BRICS nations for better coordination and synergy.
• Identifying new strategies for strengthening youth entrepreneurship and promoting global market participation.
• Developing innovative engagement formats to enhance cooperation and collaboration within the BRICS framework.
• Connecting youth entrepreneurs with global business opportunities, helping them expand their reach.

The ultimate goal is to create a long-term roadmap for cooperation among BRICS countries, particularly in the youth entrepreneurship sector.

India’s Preparations for the Meeting

To ensure the active participation of Indian youth and to prepare for the upcoming event, the Department of Youth Affairs has organized eight run-up events across various universities and institutions in India. These events aim to:

• Promote discussions on entrepreneurship among Indian youth.
• Spread awareness about the BRICS Youth Council’s goals.
• Provide a platform for young Indian entrepreneurs to showcase their ideas and innovations.

Completed Run-Up Events:

• Miranda House, Delhi University – January 15, 2025
• Mata Sundri College for Women, Delhi – January 17, 2025
• IIM Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir – January 24, 2025
• NFSU, Gandhinagar, Gujarat – January 28, 2025

Upcoming Run-Up Events:

• KIIT, Odisha – February 4, 2025
• IIT Guwahati, Assam – February 7, 2025
• IISc, Bangalore, Karnataka – February 11, 2025

These events feature panel discussions, youth-driven conversations, and idea-sharing sessions, encouraging participants to delve into global economic trends and the importance of BRICS as a multilateral platform.

Significance of the BRICS Youth Entrepreneurship Meeting

The BRICS bloc represents a substantial portion of the global population, GDP, and international trade:

• 42% of the world’s population
• 27% of global GDP
• 16% of international trade

The BRICS Youth Council, launched at the 2023 Youth Summit in South Africa, plays a crucial role in enhancing collaboration among youth in various sectors, including education, innovation, entrepreneurship, health, and volunteerism. The Entrepreneurship Working Group aims to harness the collective power of the youth across these countries to drive sustainable growth and innovation.

This meeting will not only boost entrepreneurial spirit but also create a network of young entrepreneurs across BRICS nations, fostering cooperation that can contribute to solving global challenges, particularly in terms of economic development, sustainability, and innovation.

State news

Goa CM Inaugurates Sci-Fi Science Film Festival in Panaji

The Goa Chief Minister, Pramod Sawant, inaugurated the Sci-Fi Science Film Festival of India in Panaji on January 30, 2025. The festival, organised by Vidnyan Parishad Goa, celebrates science, innovation, and the spirit of curiosity, and is being held in honour of Dr. M. Swaminathan, a prominent scientist. The festival’s theme this year, “Green Revolution,” aims to inspire young minds and promote the path to a sustainable future. It is a 4-day event that emphasizes the importance of science and innovation for India’s progress and encourages the youth to engage actively in scientific endeavors.

Inauguration and Theme:

• Date: January 30, 2025.
• Inauguration: Goa’s Chief Minister Pramod Sawant inaugurated the Sci-Fi Science Film Festival in Panaji, Goa.
• Theme: The theme for this year’s festival is “Green Revolution,” which focuses on promoting sustainability and inspiring the next generation to pursue scientific endeavors aimed at achieving a sustainable future.

Festival Details:

• Duration: The event spans 4 days, celebrating science, innovation, and cinema.
• Focus: It emphasizes the importance of science and innovation in India’s progress and encourages the youth to engage in scientific pursuits.
• Tribute to Dr. M. Swaminathan: The festival is dedicated to Dr. M. Swaminathan, renowned for his pivotal role in India’s Green Revolution and agricultural advancements.

Special Mention:

• Encouragement for Youth Participation: CM Sawant highlighted the role of such festivals in stimulating scientific curiosity among young minds, nurturing potential careers in science, and contributing to India’s vision of becoming a “Viksit Bharat” (Developed India).
• Goa as a Hub for Science: Sawant pointed out that Goa is increasingly becoming a center for scientific research, home to leading institutions like IIT, NIT, NIO, and National Forensic Sciences University.

Notable Dignitaries:

• Dr. Soumya Swaminathan (scientist).
• Harilal Menon (Vice-Chancellor of Goa University).
• Prasad Rangnekar (President of Vidnyan Parishad Goa).

Origin and Legacy: Festival’s Conceptualization: The festival was conceived by the late Manohar Bhai Parrikar and Jayantrao Sahasrabuddhe, driven by their passion for science and innovation.

Role of Sci-Fi Films: The festival also underscores the significance of sci-fi films in igniting curiosity, enthusiasm, and a scientific temperament among students. These films can play an important role in shaping India’s growth trajectory by fostering a deeper connection with scientific ideas.

Science and tech news

Sunita Williams Sets New Spacewalk Record

Indian-origin astronaut Sunita Williams has made history by setting a new record for the longest spacewalking time by a woman. With a total of 62 hours and 6 minutes of spacewalking across nine spacewalks, she surpassed the previous record held by Peggy Whitson, who logged 60 hours and 21 minutes. This new achievement occurred during her most recent extravehicular activity (EVA) alongside fellow astronaut Butch Wilmore on the International Space Station (ISS).

Key Highlights of Williams’s Record-Breaking Achievement

• Spacewalk Duration: The record-breaking spacewalk lasted 5 hours and 26 minutes, starting at 7:43 am ET and concluding at 1:09 pm ET.
• Purpose of the Spacewalk: During this EVA, Williams and Wilmore removed degraded radio communications hardware and collected samples to check for microorganisms on the exterior of the ISS.
• Spacewalking History: With this accomplishment, Williams now ranks fourth on NASA’s all-time spacewalking list.

Extended Stay on the ISS

• Launch and Mission: Williams and Wilmore launched aboard Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft in June 2024 for an eight-day mission. However, due to technical issues with the spacecraft, including helium leaks and thruster malfunctions, the Starliner was deemed unsafe for their return.
• Return Plans: They are currently awaiting their return to Earth, which is now scheduled for late March 2025 aboard a SpaceX spacecraft.

Williams’s Notable Achievements

• Triathlon in Space: In 2012, Williams became the first person to complete a triathlon in space, using the ISS’s exercise equipment to swim, bike, and run in microgravity.
• Previous Spacewalks: This recent spacewalk was her ninth, while Wilmore completed his fifth EVA.

NASA’s Announcement

• NASA confirmed the record through a post on X (formerly Twitter), expressing their continued monitoring of Williams and Wilmore’s health and mission progress as they await their return.
• Williams’s achievement not only highlights her impressive spacewalking skills but also her dedication to scientific and technical tasks aboard the ISS. It’s a monumental moment for space exploration, especially for women in space.

Indian Railways Launches ‘SwaRail’ SuperApp for Seamless Travel

On January 31, 2025, the Ministry of Railways launched the ‘SwaRail’ SuperApp, aiming to consolidate various railway services into a single, user-friendly platform. Currently in its beta phase, the app is available for download on the Google Play Store and Apple App Store. The primary objective is to enhance user experience by integrating multiple services, thereby reducing the need for several separate applications.

Launch Date and Availability:

• Launch Date: January 31, 2025.
• Platforms: Available for download on Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
• Current Phase: Beta testing.

Objective:

• The SwaRail SuperApp aims to consolidate various railway services into a single platform to improve the user experience, eliminating the need for multiple apps.

Services Offered by ‘SwaRail’:

1. Ticket Bookings: Both reserved and unreserved ticket reservations.
2. Platform and Parcel Bookings: Enables users to book platform tickets and manage parcel services.
3. Train and PNR Inquiries: Real-time updates on train schedules and PNR statuses.
4. Food Ordering: Allows passengers to order meals during their journey.
5. Rail Madad: Platform to lodge complaints and seek assistance.

Beta Testing Participation:

• Users can download the app and participate in beta testing.
• Existing Users of RailConnect or UTS Mobile App can use their current credentials.
• New Users can easily register with minimal data entry.
• Feedback is encouraged to improve the app before the full public release.

Unique Features of ‘SwaRail’:

1. Single Sign-On: One set of credentials for access to all services, including those from previous apps like IRCTC RailConnect and UTS Mobile App.
2. Integrated Services: Multiple services combined, for example, PNR inquiries also show train information.
3. User-Friendly Onboarding: Easy sign-up process using existing credentials.
4. Secure Login Options: Options for numeric m-PIN and biometric authentication for secure and seamless login.

Award news

BCCI Annual Awards 2025: Honoring Legends and Rising Stars

The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) celebrated excellence in Indian cricket with its Annual Awards ceremony for 2025, recognizing outstanding achievements and contributions to the game.

Key Award Winners:

• Col. C. K. Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award – Men: Sachin Tendulkar
  Recognizing his monumental contributions to Indian cricket, Tendulkar continues to be an icon of the sport.
• Polly Umrigar Award – Best International Cricketer (Men): Jasprit Bumrah
  Honored for his exceptional performances, particularly in limited-overs formats.
• Best International Cricketer (Women): Smriti Mandhana
  Acknowledging her consistent and stellar performances in women’s cricket.
• Best International Debut (Men): Sarfaraz Khan
  Awarded for a remarkable debut at the international level.
• Best International Debut (Women): Asha Sobhana
  Recognizing her impressive entry into the international cricketing scene.
• BCCI Special Award: Ravichandran Ashwin
  Celebrating Ashwin’s continuous contributions and achievements in international cricket.
• Highest Run-Getter in ODIs (Women): Smriti Mandhana
  A well-deserved recognition for her dominance in the format.
• Highest Wicket-Taker in ODIs (Women): Deepti Sharma
  Honored for her brilliant bowling performances in ODIs.
• Best Umpire in Domestic Cricket: Akshay Totre
  Recognized for his outstanding umpiring in domestic cricket.

Domestic Cricket Awards:

• M.A. Chidambaram Trophy – Highest Run-Getter in U-19 Cooch Behar Trophy: Kavya Teotia
• M.A. Chidambaram Trophy – Highest Wicket-Taker in U-19 Cooch Behar Trophy: Vishnu Bhardwaj
• Jagmohan Dalmiya Trophy – Best Woman Cricketer (Senior Domestic): Priya Mishra
• Jagmohan Dalmiya Trophy – Best Woman Cricketer (Junior Domestic): Ishwari Awasare
• Jagmohan Dalmiya Trophy – Highest Wicket-Taker in U-16 Vijay Merchant Trophy: Hemchudeshan Jeganathan
• Jagmohan Dalmiya Trophy – Highest Run-Getter in U-16 Vijay Merchant Trophy: Lakshya Raichandani
• MA Chidambaram Trophy – Highest Wicket-Taker in U-23 CK Nayudu Trophy (Plate Group): Neizekho Rupreo
• MA Chidambaram Trophy – Highest Run-Getter in U-23 CK Nayudu Trophy (Plate Group): Hem Chetri
• MA Chidambaram Trophy – Highest Wicket-Taker in U-23 CK Nayudu Trophy (Elite Group): P Vidyuth
• MA Chidambaram Trophy – Highest Run-Getter in U-23 CK Nayudu Trophy (Elite Group): Aneesh KV

Madhavrao Scindia Awards:

• Highest Wicket-Taker in Ranji Trophy (Plate Group): Mohit Jangra
• Highest Wicket-Taker in Ranji Trophy (Elite Group): Tanay Thyagarajan
• Highest Run-Getter in Ranji Trophy (Plate Group): Agni Chopra
• Highest Run-Getter in Ranji Trophy (Elite Group): Ricky Bhui (Andhra Pradesh)

Lala Amarnath Awards:

• Best All-Rounder in Domestic Limited-Overs Competitions: Shashank Singh (Chhattisgarh)
• Best All-Rounder in Ranji Trophy: Tanush Kotian

Best Performance in BCCI Domestic Tournaments: Mumbai

Mumbai received this award for their outstanding performances across various BCCI domestic tournaments.

These awards reflect the growth, talent, and commitment to excellence in Indian cricket at both international and domestic levels.

BCCI:

• President: Roger Binny
• Headquarters: Mumbai
• Founded: December 1928

Sports news

Govt extends financial support for Athletes of 9th Asian Winter Games

For the first time, the government of India has extended full financial support to the Indian contingent participating in an Asian Winter Games under the Assistance to National Sports Federations (ANSF) Scheme. The Union Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports has announced the inclusion of the Indian contingent participating in the 9th Winter Asian Games to be held in Harbin, China under its ANSF scheme. The Chinese city of Harbin is hosting the 9th Asian Winter Games from 7-14 February 2025.

India’s Financial Support for Athletes:

• Full Financial Support: For the first time, the government of India is providing full financial support to the Indian contingent under the Assistance to National Sports Federations (ANSF) Scheme.
• Supported Events: Indian athletes participating in Alpine Skiing, Cross-Country Skiing, Figure Skating, Short Track Speed Skating, and Speed Skating (Long Track) will receive this financial support.
• Contingent: India is sending an 88-member contingent to the 9th Asian Winter Games, including 59 athletes and 29 officials.

About the 9th Asian Winter Games 2025:

• Host City: Harbin, China, will host the games from 7-14 February 2025. This is Harbin’s second time hosting the event, having previously done so in 1994.
• Events and Disciplines: Athletes from 45 countries will compete in 11 disciplines across 6 sports: biathlon, curling, ice hockey, skating, skiing, and ski mountaineering. The games will feature both men’s and women’s events as well as mixed events in certain sports.
• Mascots: The mascots are Binbin and Nini, both tigers from Northeast China. Binbin represents ice sports, and Nini represents snow sports.
• Slogan: “Dream of Winter, Love among Asia”.
• Emblem: The emblem is called “Breakthrough”.

About the Asian Winter Games:

• The Asian Winter Games are organized by the Olympic Council of Asia and held every four years, modeled on the Winter Olympic Games.
• First Games: The first games were held in Sapporo, Japan in 1986.
• Japan’s Success: Japan is the most successful team in Winter Asian Games history, having won 397 medals (138 gold, 144 silver, 114 bronze).
• India’s Performance: India has yet to win any medals at the Winter Asian Games.

Olympic Council of Asia (OCA):

• Overview: The OCA is the apex governing body for sports in Asia, affiliated with the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
• Major Events: The OCA organizes the Summer Asian Games and Winter Asian Games, which are the continental multi-sport events for Asia.
• Foundation: The organization was founded in 1949 as the Asian Games Federation and was renamed to the Olympic Council of Asia in 1981.
• Headquarters: The OCA is headquartered in Kuwait.
• Members: It has 45 member countries across Asia.
• President: The current president of the OCA is Raja Randhir Singh.

India successfully defends its ICC Women’s U19 T20 World Cup Title

The Indian women’s U19 cricket team demolished South Africa by nine wickets in the final of the 2nd ICC Women’s U19 T20 World Cup to retain their title, which was won two years back in South Africa. The final of the tournament was played on 2 February 2025 at the Bayuemas Cricket Oval, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. This was the major title win for the Niki Prasad-led Indian team, having won the inaugural Asian Cricket Council Women’s U19 Asia Cup 2024 Title in Malaysia in December 2024.

South Africa’s Performance:

• South Africa’s Innings: South Africa, after winning the toss and choosing to bat, was all out for 82 runs in 20 overs.
• Top Scorer for South Africa: Mieke van Voorst was the highest scorer with 23 runs.
• Indian Bowling: Gongadi Trisha was the main bowler, taking 3 wickets for 15 runs.

Awards:

• Player of the Match (Final): Gongadi Trisha (India)
• Player of the Tournament: Gongadi Trisha (India)

Earlier Achievements:

• Inaugural U19 Title: This was India’s second major title win after they also won the inaugural Asian Cricket Council Women’s U19 Asia Cup in December 2024 in Malaysia.

Shrachi Rarh Bengal Tigers win men’s Hockey India League 2024-25 Title

Shrachi Rarh Bengal Tigers won the 6th Men’s Hockey India League 2024-25 title, beating Hyderabad Toofans 4-3 in a tense final at a packed Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium in Rourkela.Odisha on 1 February 2025. This was the first title win for the Shrachi Rarh Bengal Tigers, winning them a prize of Rs 3 crore. The runners-up Hyderabad Toofan won Rs 2 crore as prize money. The 6th men’s Hockey India league was held at the Birsa Munda Hockey Stadium in Rourkela, Odisha from 28th December 2024 to 1st February 2025.

Key Players in the Final:

• Jugraj Singh scored a hat-trick for Bengal Tigers, and Same Lane added a solitary goal.
• Gonzalo Peillat scored twice for Hyderabad Toofans, and Amandeep Lakra scored once.

Award Winners of the 6th Men’s Hockey India League:

• Fairplay Award (Team): UP Rudras
• Best Goalkeeper of the Tournament: Bikramjit Singh (Hyderabad Toofans)
• Upcoming Player of the Tournament: Arshdeep Singh (Hyderabad Toofans)
• Top Scorer of the Tournament: Jugraj Singh (Shrachi Rarh Bengal Tigers)
• Player of the Tournament 2025: Sukhjeet Singh (Shrachi Rarh Bengal Tigers)

About the Tournament:

• The 6th Men’s Hockey India League took place from 28 December 2024 to 1 February 2025 in Rourkela, Odisha.
• It marked the first title for Shrachi Rarh Bengal Tigers in this prestigious club-based tournament.

Hockey India League Overview:

• Organized By: The tournament is organized by Hockey India and includes participation from both Indian and foreign players.
• History: The Men’s Hockey India League started in 2013 and ran annually until 2017. After a 7-year gap, the 6th edition was held in 2024-25 in Rourkela, Odisha.
• The Women’s Hockey India League also had its inaugural edition, where the Odisha Warriors won the title by defeating Soorma Hockey Club 2-1 on 26 January 2025 in Ranchi.