Author: Balaguru Mamundi

We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 29th April 2025 current affairs from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs of 29th April 2025 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation.

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National news

Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw Launches Guidelines and Portal for ECMS

In April 2025, Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw from the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) launched the guidelines and portal for the Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS). This marks a significant move to strengthen India’s electronics manufacturing ecosystem.

The ECMS is designed to boost domestic manufacturing, attract large-scale investments, and integrate Indian companies into Global Value Chains (GVCs).

• The scheme’s guidelines are crafted to ensure a simple, transparent, and unambiguous implementation.
• It is notably India’s first dedicated Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme focused exclusively on electronic component manufacturing.

Approved by the Government of India (GoI) in April 2025, the ECMS comes with an outlay of Rs 22,919 crore and will be implemented over six years — from Financial Year 2025-26 (FY26) to FY32.

Additionally, under the Rs 10,370 crore India AI Mission, the GoI has selected Sarvam, a Bengaluru (Karnataka)-based startup, to develop India’s first indigenous AI Large Language Model (LLM).

About Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY):

• Union Minister: Ashwini Vaishnaw (Rajya Sabha MP – Odisha)
• Minister of State (MoS): Jitin Prasada (Pilibhit, Uttar Pradesh)

Government Places Cybercrime Centre I4C Under PMLA

In April 2025, the Department of Revenue (DoR) under the Ministry of Finance (MoF) empowered the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C), located in New Delhi, to share information with the Enforcement Directorate (ED) under Section 66 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA).
This move is aimed at detecting money trails and combating cyber fraud.

• I4C can now exchange information with the ED and other law enforcement agencies to track down masterminds behind cyber frauds.
• Rising incidents of online scams — through fake websites, deceptive social media pages, and paid ads on search engines — have made this initiative critical.
• Cybercriminals often send fake OTPs or malicious web links via SMS or email, compromising users’ devices upon clicking.
• The Government urges the public to report suspicious activities via the National Cybercrime Reporting Portal (NCRP) at cybercrime.gov.in or call 1930 for assistance in case of fraud.

Note:

• I4C was established in 2018 under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and serves as the central agency for combating cybercrime in India.

Cooperation Ministry Partners with Swiggy Instamart to Market Cooperative Products

In April 2025, the Ministry of Cooperation (MoC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Swiggy Instamart, based in Bengaluru, Karnataka, to onboard dairy and other cooperative products onto its platform.
This initiative aims to help cooperatives reach a wider customer base through modern e-commerce channels.

• The MoU was signed by Amitesh Jha, CEO of Swiggy Instamart, and D.K. Verma, Joint Secretary (MoC), during an event attended by Ashish Kumar Bhutani, Secretary, MoC.
• Under the agreement, products from Bharat Organics and other cooperative dairy brands will be made available on Swiggy’s e-commerce and quick-commerce (q-commerce) platforms.
• Swiggy will introduce a dedicated “Cooperative” category featuring organic products, dairy items, millets, handicrafts, and other cooperative-made products.

The partnership focuses on supporting cooperative brands in the areas of marketing, promotion, consumer technology, and capacity building.

• Notably, this MoU aligns with the United Nations’ declaration of 2025 as the ‘International Year of Cooperation’.

In addition, on 24 April 2025, Dr. Ashish Kumar Bhutani, Secretary, MoC, inaugurated a state-of-the-art packaging facility of National Cooperative Organics Limited (NCOL) in Noida, Uttar Pradesh.

• The facility specializes in hygienic packaging of pulses and a wide variety of organic food products.

International news

11th BRICS Labour and Employment Ministers’ Meeting Held Under Brazil’s Presidency

In April 2025, the 11th BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) Labour and Employment Ministers’ Meeting took place in Brasilia, Brazil, under the slogan “Strengthening the Cooperation of the Global South for More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance”, during Brazil’s presidency.

• The Indian delegation was led by Union Minister of State (MoS) Sushri Shobha Karandlaje from the Ministry of Labour & Employment (MoL&E).

Key highlights:

• Union MoS Sushri Karandlaje emphasized India’s human-centric approach to technological transformation, aligning with Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi’s vision of “Technology for Empowerment, Not Exclusion”.
• A forward-looking declaration was adopted, concentrating on two major themes:
  • “Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Future of Work”
  • “The Impacts of Climate Change on the World of Work and a Just Transition”

About Brazil:

• President: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
• Capital: Brasília
• Currency: Brazilian Real (BRL)

Revive Our Ocean: A Step Toward Protecting Coastal Ecosystems Worldwide

In April 2025, a new global initiative called ‘Revive Our Ocean’, the first-of-its-kind programme, was launched to empower coastal communities in establishing and managing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) through localized action.

• This initiative is led by the USA-based NGO Dynamic Planet along with the National Geographic Society (NGS)’s Pristine Seas programme.
• The programme is supported by renowned British naturalist David Attenborough.
• Built on three pillars: Inspire, Enable, and Equip.

Key objectives:

• To help coastal communities create and manage MPAs by removing barriers.
• Formation of the Revive Our Ocean Collective, bringing together local leaders and community groups.
• Initially, it will focus on seven countries:
  • United Kingdom (UK)
  • Portugal
  • Greece
  • Turkey
  • Philippines
  • Indonesia
  • Mexico

About National Geographic Society (NGS):

• Chief Executive Officer (CEO): Dr. Jill Tiefenthaler
• Headquarters: Washington, United States of America (USA)
• Established: 1888

Economy news

India’s Battle Against Poverty: 171 Million Lifted from Extreme Poverty in a Decade

India has made significant progress by lifting 171 million people out of extreme poverty between 2011-12 and 2022-23, according to the World Bank’s Spring 2025 Poverty and Equity Brief. The percentage of those living in extreme poverty decreased sharply from 16.2% to 2.3%, with major reductions in both rural (18.4% to 2.8%) and urban (10.7% to 1.1%) areas. This achievement was largely driven by states like Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh.

Furthermore, lower-middle-income poverty declined from 61.8% to 28.1%, helping 378 million people escape poverty. Multidimensional poverty (MPI) also saw a significant drop to 15.5% in 2022-23, reflecting broad improvements in education, health, and living standards.

State news

Kuno National Park Achieves Conservation Milestone as Cheetah Nirva Gives Birth to Five Cubs

Cheetah Nirva has given birth to five cubs at Kuno National Park in Sheopur district, Madhya Pradesh, as announced by Chief Minister Mohan Yadav. This brings the park’s total cheetah and cub population to 29, and the national count to 31.

Earlier, two cheetahs were relocated to Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary. Mr. Yadav praised the births as a major achievement for the Cheetah Project, emphasizing India’s rich biodiversity and attributing the success to the conservation efforts guided by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Delhi Launches ‘Ayushman Vay Vandana’ Scheme Offering Free Rs 10 Lakh Health Cover to Seniors 70+

The Ayushman Vay Vandana Scheme, launched by the Delhi government on April 28, 2025, provides Rs 10 lakh health insurance coverage for senior citizens aged 70 and above.

• The scheme offers free health services, including treatments, medical tests, and annual check-ups. Each beneficiary receives a Vay Vandana Health Card, which stores their medical history and emergency health information.
• With Rs 5 lakh coverage from the Centre and an additional Rs 5 lakh from the Delhi government, this initiative is designed to ensure dignified healthcare and financial security for the elderly in Delhi.

Award news

National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation (NICDC) Honored with Udyog Vikas Award

The National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation (NICDC) has been awarded the Udyog Vikas Award by Janmabhumi Daily for its pivotal role in India’s industrial transformation, especially through the development of the Palakkad Industrial Smart City.

Spanning 1,710 acres, this project aims to reshape Kerala’s industrial landscape with multi-modal connectivity and state-of-the-art technological integration. As part of India’s National Industrial Corridor Development Programme, it is focused on creating Greenfield Industrial Smart Cities, which are expected to drive economic growth, investment, and regional innovation in South India.

Defence news

India & France Sign Rs 64,000-Crore Deal for 26 Rafale-M Fighter Jets

On 28 April 2025, the Government of India (GoI) and the Government of France officially signed a Rs 64,000-crore (approximately USD 7.4 billion) agreement to procure 26 Rafale-Marine (Rafale-M) fighter jets. This move aims to strengthen the Indian Navy (IN)’s capabilities at sea.

• Out of the 26 jets, 22 will be single-seat fighter aircraft and 4 will be twin-seat trainer aircraft.
• These jets will primarily operate from INS Vikrant, India’s first indigenous aircraft carrier.
• The contract was signed during a virtual event attended by Rajesh Kumar Singh, Defence Secretary (Ministry of Defence, GoI), and Thierry Matho, Defence Minister of France.
• It is a Government-to-Government (G2G) deal, meaning the two governments negotiated the agreement directly, without private intermediaries.
• Deliveries of the Rafale-M jets are set to start by end-2029 and complete by 2031.

About France:

• President – Emmanuel Macron
• Prime Minister (PM) – François Bayrou
• Capital – Paris
• Currency – Euro (EUR)

Ranks and reports news

SIPRI Report 2024: Global Military Spending Surpasses USD 2.7 Trillion; India Invests USD 86.1 Billion

Amid major global conflicts like the Russia-Ukraine war and the Israel-Palestine conflict, global military expenditure surged to USD 2718 billion in 2024, marking a 9.4% increase from 2023, according to a new report by Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), based in Stockholm, Sweden.

• Military spending rose across all world regions, with Europe and the Middle East witnessing particularly rapid growth.

Top Military Spenders:

• 1st: United States of America (USA) – USD 997 billion
• 2nd: China – USD 314 billion
• 3rd: Russia – USD 149 billion
• 5th: India – USD 86.1 billion (1.6% increase from 2023)

Key Highlights:

• The top five spenders — USA, China, Russia, Germany, and India — accounted for 60% of the global total, spending a combined USD 1635 billion.
• Over 100 countries increased military spending in 2024.
• Military spending as a share of global GDP rose to 2.5%.

Uganda Declares End of Ebola Sudan Virus Disease (SVD) Outbreak

In April 2025, the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Uganda officially declared the end of the Ebola Sudan Virus Disease (SVD) outbreak, less than three months after it was confirmed in Kampala.

• The outbreak was declared over after the last confirmed patient was discharged on 14 March 2025, followed by a 42-day countdown as per World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.
• This was Uganda’s 2nd SVD outbreak in under three years, with the latest outbreak confirmed on 30 January 2025.

Outbreak Statistics (as of 25 April 2025):

• Total cases: 14 (12 confirmed, 2 probable)
• Deaths: 4 (Case Fatality Ratio (CFR): 29%)
• Recoveries: 10
• People monitored: 534
• Age range of confirmed cases: 1.5 to 55 years (mean age: 27 years); 55% male.
• Affected districts: Fort Portal City, Jinja, Kampala, Kyegegwa, Mbale, Ntoroko, Wakiso.

About Ebola Sudan Virus Disease (SVD)

• SVD is a severe viral illness caused by the Sudan virus (SUDV), part of the same family as the Ebola Virus (EBOV).
• First identified in southern Sudan in June 1976.
• Before this outbreak:
  • 8 previous SVD outbreaks recorded (5 in Uganda, 3 in Sudan).
  • Uganda’s last outbreak occurred in 2022.
• SVD leads to a high fatality rate and affects humans and primates.

Banking news

Axis Max Life Launches AI-Enabled ‘Bandhan 2.0’ for New Hire Onboarding

In April 2025, Axis Max Life Insurance Limited (formerly Max Life Insurance Company Limited), headquartered in Gurugram, Haryana, launched Bandhan 2.0, an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled and Augmented Reality (AR)-powered onboarding platform.

• Axis Max Life is the largest non-bank private-sector life insurer in India.
• Bandhan 2.0 aims to revolutionize new hire onboarding through immersive storytelling, interactive gamification, and real-time leadership engagement.

Key Features:

• Multi-Device Accessibility: Available in English and Hindi on mobile and desktop devices, enabling employees to onboard at their own pace.
• Leadership Interactions: Offers virtual engagements with leadership and gamified modules covering the company’s history, values, and culture.
• Scalable Onboarding: Delivers a uniform onboarding experience for thousands of employees annually, irrespective of location.
• Continuous Learning: Modules remain accessible for 60 days post-joining to support ongoing learning.
• Progress Tracking: Real-time HR dashboards monitor onboarding progress, helping to reduce onboarding time and boost employee productivity.

Note:

• Axis Max Life Insurance is a joint venture (JV) between Max Financial Services Limited (MFSL) and Axis Bank Limited.

Award news

Bihar Sets Two Guinness World Records for Madhubani Painting and Singing Bowl Ensemble

In April 2025, Bihar set two Guinness World Records (GWR) : one for the world’s largest Madhubani painting on canvas and another for the largest singing bowl ensemble performance by 375 Buddhist monks in Bodh Gaya, Bihar.

The GWR certificates were presented to Chief Minister (CM) Nitish Kumar during a ceremony at the Patliputra Sports Complex, Patna, Bihar.

About the World Records:

1. Largest Madhubani Painting:

• A Madhubani painting measuring 18.69 square meters (201.17 square feet) was created at the Madhubani Painting Institution, Bihar.
• The artwork was created by a team of 50 women under the guidance of Padma Shri Bauaa Devi, as a tribute to Padma Shri Jagdamba Devi.
• The team worked continuously for 50 hours to complete the painting.
• The painting will be unveiled at the opening ceremony of the Khelo India Youth Games on May 4, 2025.

Note:
The Khelo India Youth Games are being held in Bihar for the first time, across cities like Patna, Rajgir, Gaya, Bhagalpur, and Begusarai.

2. Largest Singing Bowl Ensemble:

• 375 Buddhist monks, aged between 5 and 70, gathered in Bodh Gaya, Bihar, for the performance.
• This event marked the largest gathering of Buddhist monks for a traditional singing bowl ensemble.
• The event, which focused on meditation, rituals, and ceremonies, was organized by the Bihar State’s Sports Authority (BSSA).

About Madhubani Painting:

• Also known as Mithila painting, it is a traditional art form that originated in the Mithila region of Bihar, especially in Madhubani.
• The colors used are made from natural ingredients like turmeric, beetroot, carbon, and flowers.

About Bihar:

• Chief Minister (CM) – Nitish Kumar
• Governor – Arif Mohammed Khan
• Capital – Patna
• Major Airports – Gaya International Airport, Darbhanga Airport

Appointment news

Thailand’s Khunying Patama Leeswadtrakul elected as new BWF President

On April 26, 2025, Khunying Patama Leeswadtrakul from Thailand was elected as the new President of the Badminton World Federation (BWF) for the 2025-2029 term during the 86th BWF Annual General Meeting (AGM) held in Xiamen, China.

• Leeswadtrakul becomes the second woman to lead the global governing body of badminton after China’s Lu Shengrong, who served from 1993 to 2001.
• She succeeds Poul-Erik Høyer Larsen of Denmark, whose remarkable 12-year tenure concluded.
• Poul-Erik Høyer Larsen was honored with the title of Honorary Life Vice President by the BWF membership at the AGM.

Neeraj Gupta Appointed as Chairman and Public Interest Director of NSE IX

In April 2025, NSE International Exchange (NSE IX), a wholly owned subsidiary of National Stock Exchange (NSE), headquartered in Mumbai (Maharashtra), announced the appointment of Neeraj Kumar Gupta as its Chairman and Public Interest Director.

• NSE IX is based in GIFT City, Gujarat.
• The International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) has approved Gupta’s appointment effective from April 1, 2025.
• Gupta officially assumed the role on April 19, 2025.

Sports news

India Tops Medal Tally at the 2nd Asian Yogasana Sport Championship

India achieved a remarkable victory at the 2nd Asian Yogasana Sport Championship, held from April 25 to 27, 2025, at the KD Jadhav Arena, Indira Gandhi Sports Complex in New Delhi, Delhi.

The event saw participation from 21 countries, including Japan, Mongolia, Nepal, Sri Lanka (SL), Uzbekistan, Thailand, Kazakhstan, Bhutan, China, Iran, South Korea, Malaysia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The championship was organized by the Asian Yogasana Sports Federation (AYSF).

Key Highlights:

1. India topped the medal tally with 83 golds, 3 silvers, and 1 bronze, totaling 87 medals.
2. Japan finished second with 3 golds, 3 silvers, and 4 bronzes, while Mongolia secured third place with 1 gold, 11 silvers, and 6 bronzes.
3. Other countries in the top 5 included Oman and Nepal.
4. The closing ceremony was attended by Ministers of State (MoS), Harsh Malhotra from the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), Ajay Chaudhary, Additional Commissioner of Police, Delhi, and senior officials from both the Asian and World Yogasana federations.

Top 5 Countries at the Championship:

Important days

World Day for Safety and Health at Work 2025 – April 28

World Day for Safety and Health at Work is observed annually on April 28 to promote safe workplaces, reduce work-related accidents and diseases, and advocate for Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) standards globally.

Key Details:

• The day is spearheaded by the International Labour Organization (ILO), a UN agency that focuses on advancing social justice and promoting internationally recognized human and labour rights.
• 2025’s Theme: “Revolutionising Health and Safety: The Role of AI and Digitalisation at Work,” which focuses on how artificial intelligence and digitalization can enhance health and safety at the workplace.

Background:

1. The observance of World Day for Safety and Health at Work was initiated by the ILO in 2003 during the International Labour Conference (ILC). It coincided with the adoption of the Global Strategy on Occupational Safety and Health, which aimed to promote workplace safety and health standards globally.
2. The first-ever World Day for Safety and Health at Work was officially observed on April 28, 2003.

27,28 April 2025 Current Affairs

We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 26th April 2025 current affairs from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs of 26th April 2025 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation.

Edusprint Youtube Channel : Edusprint Academy

National news

India’s Record Cargo Movement on Inland Waterways

In April 2025, the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI), headquartered in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, reported a record-breaking cargo movement of 145.5 million tonnes during the Financial Year (FY) 2024–25. This marks a significant increase from 18.1 million metric tonnes (MMT) in FY 2013–14, reflecting an impressive Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 20.86% over the decade.

Exponential Growth in Cargo Traffic (Last 10 Years):

During FY 2025, more than 68% of the total cargo transported on National Waterways (NWs) comprised five key commodities:

• Coal
• Iron Ore
• Iron Ore Fines
• Sand
• Fly Ash

In addition, passenger movement witnessed a significant rise, reaching 1.61 crore in FY 2023–24.

Expansion of National Waterways:

The IWAI, functioning under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPS&W), has undertaken a major expansion initiative by increasing the number of National Waterways from 5 to 111, in line with the provisions of the National Waterways Act, 2016.

Odisha’s Similipal Officially Declared as India’s 107th National Park

In April 2025, Mohan Charan Manjhi, the Chief Minister (CM) of Odisha, officially declared the Similipal Tiger Reserve (TR), located in Mayurbhanj district, as a National Park (NP). With this declaration, Similipal becomes India’s 107th National Park and Odisha’s second, following Bhitarkanika National Park, which was designated in 1998.

Now the largest National Park in Odisha, Similipal NP spans an area of 845.70 square kilometres (sq. km). The declaration was made through a notification by the Forest, Environment and Climate Change (FE&CC) Department of Odisha, under Section 35(4) of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

About Similipal National Park (NP):

• The park is divided into two divisions:
  • Similipal South Wildlife Division: Includes 7 ranges such as Pithabata North, Nawana South, and Jenabil.
  • Similipal North Wildlife Division: Comprises 4 ranges, including Barheipani, Chahala, Nawana North, and Talabandh.
• The name Similipal comes from the ‘Simul’ (Silk Cotton) tree.
• The park is rich in biodiversity, hosting:
  • Over 360 species of birds
  • 55 species of mammals (including leopards, sambar, etc.)
  • 62 species of reptiles
  • 21 species of amphibians
• It is home to around 40 wild tigers, including the world’s only wild melanistic tigers, and houses 25% of Odisha’s elephant population.
• The entire Similipal region covers about 2,750 sq. km, which includes approximately 2,306 sq. km of Similipal Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS).
• In 2007, the Odisha government declared 1,194.75 sq. km of the Similipal Tiger Reserve (STR) as core critical tiger habitat.
• Since 2009, Similipal has been a part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR).

 About Odisha:

• Chief Minister: Mohan Charan Manjhi
• Governor: Dr. Hari Babu Kambhampati
• Capital: Bhubaneswar
• Wildlife Sanctuaries (WLS): Debrigarh WLS, Hadagarh WLS, Kotagarh WLS

International news

UNDP Joined Global Network to Help Countries Cope with Climate Change

In April 2025, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), headquartered in New York, United States of America (USA), officially joined the Santiago Network — a global initiative designed to support vulnerable countries and communities in addressing the irreversible impacts of loss and damage caused by climate change.

This move represents a major step forward in enhancing technical assistance and policy support for nations most affected by climate-induced loss and damage.

About the Santiago Network:

• Established: 2019
• Purpose: To connect organizations, networks, and experts that offer solutions to avert, minimize, and address loss and damage related to climate change.
• Secretariat Co-hosted by:
  • United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR)
  • United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS)
• Location of Secretariat: Geneva, Switzerland

 About United Nations Development Programme (UNDP):

• Administrator: Achim Steiner
• Headquarters: New York, USA
• Established: 1965

Ranking and report news

THE Asia University Rankings 2025: IISc topped among Indian Institutes; China’s Tsinghua University University Topped the Overall List

In April 2025, the Times Higher Education (THE), based in London, United Kingdom (UK), released its 13th edition of the Asia University Rankings. The Indian Institute of Science (IISc), located in Bengaluru, Karnataka, emerged as the highest-ranked Indian institution, securing the 38th position globally with an overall score of 65.2. However, it witnessed a slight decline from its 32nd rank in 2024.

Top Performers Globally:

• China dominated the rankings, retaining:
  • 1st place: Tsinghua University (score: 92.5)
  • 2nd place: Peking University (score: 92)
• Singapore followed with:
  • 3rd place: National University of Singapore (NUS)
  • 4th place: Nanyang Technological University (NTU)

Key Highlights of the 2025 Asia Rankings:

• A total of 853 universities from 35 countries/territories were assessed (up from 739 in 2024).
• Evaluation criteria included:
  Research, Teaching, Knowledge Transfer, and International Outlook.

🇮🇳 India’s Performance:

• Among the top 10 Indian institutions, only two IITs featured:
  • IIT-Indore, Madhya Pradesh – Rank: 131st
  • IIT-Guwahati, Assam – Rank: 184th
• Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences (Himachal Pradesh) ranked 146th (up from 150th in 2024) with an overall score of 48.1, making it the highest-ranked private university in India for the second consecutive year.

International news

Pakistan Suspends Simla Agreement and Closes Border, Airspace, Trade with India

The Simla Agreement is a crucial diplomatic accord signed between India and Pakistan on July 2, 1972, following the India-Pakistan war of 1971 that led to the creation of Bangladesh. This agreement, signed in Simla, Himachal Pradesh, aimed to promote peaceful and friendly relations between the two nations and laid down a framework for resolving outstanding issues, particularly the Kashmir dispute, in a bilateral manner.

Key aspects of the Simla Agreement:

1. Bilateral Dialogue: The agreement emphasized that all disputes between India and Pakistan, including Kashmir, should be settled through peaceful negotiations and direct dialogue, without the involvement of third parties.
2. Respect for Borders: Both countries agreed to respect the Line of Control (LoC) in Kashmir, which was established after the 1971 war. This essentially meant that both sides committed to maintaining the status quo and refraining from cross-border violence or intrusion.
3. Promotion of Peace: Both nations agreed to take measures to ensure peaceful co-existence and security in the region, including reducing military tensions along the border and promoting cooperation in various areas such as trade, communication, and cultural exchange.
4. Commitment to Stability: The agreement also focused on preventing escalation of conflicts between India and Pakistan by encouraging dialogue and mutual understanding. The countries pledged to refrain from the use of force and to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of each other.
5. Return of Prisoners: Both countries agreed to the return of prisoners of war (POWs) and civilian prisoners who had been detained during the 1971 conflict. This was aimed at normalizing relations between the two nations after the traumatic events of the war.

Importance of the Simla Agreement:

• It marked a significant step toward diplomatic normalization between the two countries after the 1971 war and the creation of Bangladesh.
• The agreement reaffirmed India’s stance on Kashmir, which continues to be a central issue in Indo-Pakistani relations. India sees the region as an integral part of its territory, while Pakistan claims it as disputed.
• The Simla Agreement laid the groundwork for future peace talks, though it has been marred by periodic breakdowns in relations, particularly during times of heightened tensions, such as in the wake of terror attacks.

Impact of the Simla Agreement on Bilateral Relations:

• While the Simla Agreement helped establish diplomatic communication channels, its long-term impact has been limited due to recurring conflicts and wars, such as the Kargil War in 1999 and numerous ceasefire violations along the Line of Control.
• Over the years, both nations have frequently accused each other of violating the terms of the agreement, especially concerning cross-border terrorism, which remains a persistent issue.
• Despite its stated intent to promote peace and stability, the Simla Agreement has often been undermined by nationalistic sentiments and political agendas, and it has failed to bring about a permanent resolution to the Kashmir issue.

Current Status:

• Given the diplomatic fallout over incidents like the Pahalgam terror attack, Pakistan’s suspension of the Simla Agreement signals a serious deterioration in bilateral relations. This, coupled with actions like the closure of the Wagah border, banning of Indian airlines from Pakistani airspace, and suspension of trade, represents a major escalation in tensions between the two nuclear-armed neighbors.
• The Indus Waters Treaty, which has traditionally been a cornerstone of India-Pakistan cooperation, is also under severe strain, with Pakistan warning that any attempt to divert water from the Indus River would be considered an “Act of War.”

In summary, while the Simla Agreement remains a foundational document for India-Pakistan diplomacy, its future is uncertain amid rising tensions and the suspension of key bilateral agreements. The Kashmir dispute and cross-border terrorism continue to be major roadblocks to peace, making the agreement’s relevance and effectiveness in the current geopolitical climate highly contested.

Banking news

RBI’s Directive To Banks on Migration to ‘.bank.in’ Domain

In a significant effort to enhance digital banking security and combat rising cybersecurity threats, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has directed all banks to transition their existing web domains to the new ‘.bank.in’ domain by October 31, 2025. This step is in response to the increasing frequency of frauds in digital payment systems and is aimed at creating a more secure and trustworthy online banking environment. By adopting this unique domain, banks will be better equipped to mitigate cybersecurity risks such as phishing attacks and ensure the safety of digital transactions. The Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT) has been designated as the registrar for the new domain, which will be managed under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).

Key Aspects of RBI’s Directive:

Objective of the Directive:

• The primary goal is to enhance cybersecurity within the digital banking ecosystem and minimize fraudulent activities like phishing, which are prevalent in online banking.
• The ‘.bank.in’ domain will serve as a unique and secure identifier for Indian banks, strengthening public trust in digital payment systems.

Timeline for Migration:

• Banks must complete the domain migration to ‘.bank.in’ by October 31, 2025.
• The RBI has urged banks to begin the transition process promptly to ensure the security and credibility of their digital banking platforms.

Role of IDRBT:

• The Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT) has been appointed as the exclusive registrar for the ‘.bank.in’ domain.
• IDRBT will assist banks with the registration process and provide guidance on the technical aspects of the domain migration.

Security Benefits:

• The ‘.bank.in’ domain is tailored specifically for banking institutions in India, making it more secure and less susceptible to cyberattacks.
• This migration will help reduce the risk of fraudulent websites impersonating legitimate bank sites, thus preventing phishing attacks.

Collaboration with NIXI and MeitY:

• The National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI) has been designated as the authority to oversee the operations of the ‘.bank.in’ domain.
• The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) supports this initiative, reflecting the government’s commitment to strengthening India’s cybersecurity infrastructure.

Contact Details for Banks:

• Banks wishing to start the migration process should reach out to IDRBT at sahyog@idrbt.ac.in for support.
• IDRBT will offer the necessary technical and procedural guidance for the migration process.

Impact on Digital Banking and Payments:

Enhanced Trust in Digital Banking:

• By adopting the ‘.bank.in’ domain, banks will not only improve security but also increase consumer confidence in online banking and financial transactions.
• Customers will be able to easily identify legitimate bank websites, reducing the risk of falling victim to fraudulent schemes.

Cybersecurity Strengthening:

• The introduction of the ‘.bank.in’ domain is a step toward fortifying the nation’s cybersecurity and protecting critical financial services from cybercriminals.
• Through this exclusive domain, the RBI aims to build a more resilient and secure digital financial infrastructure.

Streamlined Online Services:

• The migration will simplify the process of verifying legitimate banking sites, improving the customer experience when accessing online banking services.
• By adopting a secure and recognized domain, banks will contribute to a broader effort to improve online security in the financial services sector.

EEMF Launches India’s First BSE Internet Economy Index Fund

Edelweiss Mutual Fund Launches India’s First BSE Internet Economy Index Fund

On April 24, 2025, Edelweiss Mutual Fund (EMF), officially known as Edelweiss Asset Management Limited (EAML) — a subsidiary of Edelweiss Financial Services Limited (EFSL) based in Mumbai, Maharashtra — launched the ‘Edelweiss BSE Internet Economy Index Fund’, marking India’s first index fund focused on the BSE Internet Economy Index.

Investment Objective:

To generate returns (before expenses) that closely mirror the BSE Internet Economy Total Return Index, subject to tracking errors.

The fund follows a transparent, rules-based strategy, specifically excluding traditional IT and software companies, and instead tracks India’s rapidly growing internet-based businesses.

Key Features of Edelweiss BSE Internet Economy Index Fund:

• Open-ended index fund replicating the Total Return Index.
• New Fund Offering (NFO) period: April 25 to May 9, 2025.
• Index includes top 20 companies from the BSE 500, based on six-month average market cap.
• 🧩 Covers 11 sub-industries, such as:
  • E-retail
  • Internet & catalogue retail
  • E-learning
  • Digital entertainment
  • FinTech
  • Other digitally driven sectors

Investment & Exit Load:

• Minimum investment: Rs. 100, and in multiples of Rs. 1 thereafter.
• Exit Load:
  • 0.10% if units are redeemed or switched within 30 days of allotment.
  • No exit load if redeemed after 30 days.

Fund Managers:

• Bhavesh Jain & Bharat Lohoti — Co-Heads of Factor Investing, EMF.

About NFO (New Fund Offering): An NFO is the first-time offering of units by a Mutual Fund to raise capital from investors.

About Edelweiss Mutual Fund (EMF):

• MD & CEO: Radhika Gupta
• Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra

RBI Cancels Licence of Ajantha Urban Co-operative Bank Due to Capital & Compliance Issues

In April 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) cancelled the licence of Ajantha Urban Co-operative Bank Maryadit, based in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The cancellation was prompted by the bank’s inadequate capital, weak earnings potential, and non-compliance with regulatory norms.

Key Reasons for Licence Cancellation:

• The bank violated several provisions of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, specifically Sections 11(1), 22(3)(a) to 22(3)(e), and 56.
• It failed to maintain adequate capital and showed no viable business prospects.
• The bank’s continued operation was considered harmful to public interest, especially for depositors, as it was unable to repay its current liabilities.

Impact on Depositors:

• Upon liquidation, depositors are entitled to receive up to Rs 5 lakh through the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC), headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, as per the DICGC Act, 1961.
• Around 91.55% of depositors are eligible to receive the entire amount of their deposits under the insurance scheme.
• As of April 3, 2025, DICGC has already disbursed Rs 275.22 crore to eligible depositors.

Additional Note:

As of March 31, 2025, 23 Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs) were under All-Inclusive Directions (AID).

• Maharashtra led with 9 UCBs under AID, followed by:
  • Karnataka – 5 UCBs
  • Uttar Pradesh – 4 UCBs

Award news

Indian Filmmaker Payal Kapadia Conferred with France’s “Officier dans l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres” for Contribution to Cinema

On April 24, 2025, Indian filmmaker Payal Kapadia, based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, was honored with the “Officier dans l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres” (Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters), one of France’s highest civilian honors in the field of arts and literature. She received this recognition for her remarkable contribution to global cinema and her role in strengthening Indo-French cultural ties.

The award was presented by Jean-Marc Sere-Charlet, the Consul General of France in Mumbai, during a ceremony at the Residence of France in Mumbai.

Achievements of Payal Kapadia:

i. Kapadia is an alumna of the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) and is widely known for her bold and experimental approach to storytelling.

ii. Her fiction feature debut, All We Imagine as Light (2024), an Indo-French co-production by France’s petit chaos and Mumbai’s Chalk and Cheese Films, won the Grand Prix at the 77th Cannes Film Festival (CFF). This film became the first Indian movie in 30 years to win a major award in the CFF’s main competition. It was also shortlisted as France’s official entry to the Oscars in the Best International Feature Film category.

iii. In 2017, her short film Afternoon Clouds was the only Indian entry at the 70th Cannes Film Festival.

iv. The experimental short film And What Was the Summer Saying won the Special Jury Prize at the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam (IDFA) in 2018 and the Pramod Pati Award at the Mumbai International Film Festival (MIFF) in 2020.

v. In 2021, her documentary A Night of Knowing Nothing won the prestigious Oeil d’Or (Golden Eye) Award at the 74th Cannes Film Festival.

vi. In 2025, she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Director and ranked 5th on Cahiers du Cinema’s annual list.

Kumar Mangalam Birla to Receive Lata Deenanath Mangeshkar Award 2024

Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman of the Aditya Birla Group and Padma Bhushan awardee, is set to receive the prestigious Lata Deenanath Mangeshkar Award 2024 on April 24 in Mumbai. The award recognizes his visionary leadership and significant contributions to India’s economic growth.

The award ceremony, presented by RSS Chief Mohan Bhagwat, coincides with the 83rd Memorial Day of Pandit Deenanath Mangeshkar. The event is organized by the Master Deenanath Mangeshkar Smruti Pratishthan.

In addition to Birla, the event will honor several distinguished personalities from the fields of Indian cinema, theatre, and classical music. The honorees include Shraddha Kapoor, Sunil Shetty, Sachin Pilgaonkar, Sonali Kulkarni, and violinist Dr. N Rajam for their excellence in their respective fields.

Appointment news

Sunil Bharti Mittal Joins WBG’s Private Sector Investment Lab to Boost Developing Economies

On April 23, 2025, the World Bank Group (WBG), headquartered in Washington, D.C., USA, launched the next phase of its Private Sector Investment Lab (PSIL). This initiative aims to scale solutions that will help attract private investments and create employment opportunities in developing countries.

Sunil Bharti Mittal, Chairman of Bharti Enterprises Limited (BEL), based in New Delhi, India, has been inducted into the PSIL. He joins an influential panel of global leaders, including:

• Bill Anderson, CEO of Bayer AG, Germany
• Aliko Dangote, President and CEO of the Dangote Group, Nigeria
• Mark Hoplamazian, President and CEO of Hyatt Hotels Corporation, USA

Bhuvnesh Kumar Appointed CEO of UIDAI; K.K. Pathak Named Additional Secretary in Cabinet Secretariat

In April 2025, the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved a series of high-level bureaucratic appointments aimed at enhancing administrative efficiency and aligning with current governance priorities. These key changes affect the Cabinet Secretariat (CS) and the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI).

Key Appointments:

i. Bhuvnesh Kumar, a 1995 batch IAS officer from the Uttar Pradesh cadre, has been appointed as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of UIDAI.
He previously served as Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). He will be succeeded by Amitesh Kumar Sinha, a 1997 Indian Railways Accounts Service (IRAS) officer.

Abhishek Singh, a 1995 batch IAS officer from the Nagaland cadre, has been named Director General of the National Informatics Centre (NIC). He will also serve as Additional Secretary in MeitY.

ii. Keshav Kumar Pathak, a senior IAS officer from the Bihar cadre, has been appointed as Additional Secretary in the Cabinet Secretariat. He is from the 1990 batch and is currently serving as Chairman of the Bihar Revenue Board.

Defence news

Exercise ‘Aakraman’ Indian Air Force Drills with Rafales and Su-30s

The Indian Air Force (IAF) conducted Exercise ‘Aakraman’, a large-scale military drill featuring Rafale and Su-30MKI fighter jets. The exercise focused on simulating attacks on mountainous and ground targets, testing electronic warfare capabilities, and carrying out live fire operations.

Utilizing advanced systems such as the Meteor and Rampage missiles, along with the S-400 air defense system, the exercise was designed to boost combat readiness amid escalating India-Pakistan tensions following the Pahalgam terror attack.

Overseen by elite “Top Gun” pilots, the drill emphasized India’s strategic air power and its deterrence capabilities in complex warfare scenarios.

INS Surat Successfully Tests MR–SAM in Arabian Sea

On April 24, 2025, the Indian Naval Ship (INS) Surat, a Project 15B Guided Missile Destroyer, successfully conducted a test-firing of the Medium-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (MR-SAM) system, also known as Barak 8, in the Arabian Sea. This achievement demonstrates India’s preparedness to tackle evolving maritime security threats.

About the MR-SAM system:

• MR-SAM is jointly developed by India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI).
• It has a range of up to 70 kilometres and is specially designed to defend against sea-skimming threats.
• The system is an extension of the Long-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (LR-SAM) and can be deployed from both ship-based vertical launch systems (VLS) and land-based mobile launchers.
• The missile is 4.5 meters long, weighs approximately 275 kilograms, and carries a 60 kg pre-fragmented warhead designed for proximity detonation. The missile’s diameter is 22.5 cm at the body and 54 cm at the booster.
• The first test of MR-SAM was conducted in 2016, followed by several successful trials, proving its capability against high-speed aerial targets.

About INS Surat:

• INS Surat is the fourth and final vessel in the Project 15B Visakhapatnam-class of stealth guided missile destroyers.
• It is among the world’s most advanced destroyers, featuring cutting-edge weapon and sensor systems and network-centric warfare capabilities.
• Built with 75 percent indigenous components, it supports the Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India) mission.
• The ship is 164 meters long, has a displacement of around 7,400 tons, and can reach speeds exceeding 30 knots (roughly 56 km/h).

About the Indian Navy:

• Chief of Naval Staff (CNS): Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi
• Headquarters: New Delhi, Delhi
• Established: 1950

Summit news

NIFTEM-Kundli hosts the 2nd edition of SUFALAM 2025

The National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship, and Management (NIFTEM) hosted the second edition of SUFALAM 2025 (Start-Up Forum for Aspiring Leaders and Mentors) on 25 and 26 April 2025 at its campus in Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana.

SUFALAM is a platform designed to strengthen India’s food processing sector through innovation, entrepreneurship, and collaboration.

The first edition of SUFALAM was held in New Delhi on 13-14 February 2024.

Inauguration: The event was inaugurated by Chirag Paswan, the Union Minister for Food Processing Industries, on 25 April 2025.

About SUFALAM 2025:
Sponsored by the Union Ministry of Food Processing, the initiative aims to promote innovation in the food processing sector.
The conclave offers a platform for industry leaders, academicians, investors, and entrepreneurs to share knowledge and foster inspiration.
Startups are encouraged to present ideas to leading companies in the sector.

Key participants this year include Nestlé, Bühler Group, Eureka Analytical Systems Pvt. Ltd., and the Indian Angel Network.
It also features sessions where successful industrialists share their experiences with new entrepreneurs and allows innovators to showcase their breakthroughs.

Over 250 startups from 23 states, including Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra, took part in the event.

About NIFTEM: Established in 2012 by the Union Ministry of Food Processing at Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana.

Recognised as an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India in 2021.

Aim: To become a leading institute in education, research, and entrepreneurship in the food processing sector.
Promotes research and industry linkage and supports startups and enterprises in strengthening the sector.

Director – Dr Harinder Singh Oberoi

PM Modi inaugurates the India Steel 2025 being held in Mumbai

Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually inaugurated the 6th edition of India Steel 2025 on April 24, 2025, in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The event is being held from 24 to 26 April 2025.

• Union Minister of Steel and Heavy Industries, H.D. Kumaraswamy, and Minister of State, Bhupathi Raju Srinivasa Varma, attended the inaugural session.
• The India Steel exhibition-cum-conference was first organised in 2013, and the 5th edition was held in Mumbai from 19 to 21 April 2023.

Organisers of India Steel 2025: The event was organised by the Union Ministry of Steel in collaboration with the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI).

Theme of India Steel 2025: “Shaping the Future of Steel: Driving Capacity Augmentation, Sustainability, Digitalisation, and Downstream Applications.”

About India Steel 2025: India Steel is a mega exhibition-cum-conference focused on the Indian steel industry. It serves as a key platform for presenting priorities in steel production, equipment manufacturing, solution supply, and industry strategy formulation.

• The event unites the government, industry leaders, and steel professionals from India and abroad.
• In 2025, more than 250 exhibitors from 15 countries are participating.

India’s Steel Industry Status:
India is the second-largest producer of crude steel globally, after China.
From April to December 2024, India produced 110.99 million tonnes of crude steel.
India ranks as the fourth-largest iron ore producer, after Australia, Brazil, and China.
India is the largest producer of sponge iron worldwide.

National Steel Policy 2017:
The Government of India launched the New Steel Policy in 2017 to transform India into a global steel hub.

Policy Targets:

• 300 million tonnes of annual steel production capacity by 2030
• Per capita steel consumption target of 160 kg per year by 2030

About FICCI:
The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) is one of India’s oldest and largest business organisations, founded in 1927.
Headquarters: New Delhi
President: Harsha Vardhan Agarwal of the Emami Group

Science and tech news

China Launches Shenzhou-20 Crewed Mission to Tiangong Space Station

On April 24, 2025, China successfully launched the Shenzhou-20 crewed mission to the Tiangong Space Station (also known as Heavenly Palace) using the Long March-2F carrier rocket. The launch took place from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Base in northwest China. The mission includes three astronauts who will spend six months aboard the station.

This marks China’s ninth crewed mission to Tiangong and is part of its broader goal to establish a permanent lunar base by 2030.

Mission Objectives:

• Conduct experiments in physics, life sciences, and regenerative biology using planarians (aquatic flatworms).
• Install space debris protection systems on Tiangong.
• Carry out spacewalks, perform equipment maintenance, and manage supply replenishment.
• Replace the Shenzhou-19 crew, who are scheduled to return to Earth on April 29, 2025.

Crew Members:

• Commander Chen Dong (46): A veteran astronaut and former fighter pilot, holding the record for the longest cumulative stay in space (over 200 days) by a Chinese national. This is his third space mission.
• Chen Zhongrui (40): A former Air Force pilot on his first space mission.
• Wang Jie (35): A former space technology engineer, also making his first spaceflight.

About Tiangong Space Station:

• Built and operated by the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), Tiangong is a permanently crewed orbital facility that became fully operational in October 2022.
• It features a T-shaped design composed of three modules: Tianhe (Harmony of Heavens), Wentian (Quest for Heavens), and Mengtian (Dreaming of Heavens).
• The station has a mass of about 100 metric tons and orbits the Earth at an altitude of 340 to 450 km in Low Earth Orbit (LEO).

About China:

• President: Xi Jinping
• Capital: Beijing
• Currency: Renminbi (Chinese Yuan, CNY)

Sports news

Indian GM Koneru Humpy Clinches FIDE Women’s Grand Prix 2024-25 in Pune

The fifth leg of the FIDE Women’s Grand Prix (WGP) 2024–25 was held from April 13 to 24, 2025, in Pune, Maharashtra, India. Indian Grandmaster (GM) Koneru Humpy claimed the title on tiebreaks, finishing with 7 out of 9 points, tied with Chinese GM Zhu Jiner.

Though both players finished with 7.0 points, Humpy was declared the winner due to her superior tie-break score. In the final round, Humpy defeated Bulgarian IM Nurgyul Salimova, while Zhu Jiner beat Russian IM Polina Shuvalova. Indian IM Divya Deshmukh secured third place with 5.5 points.

Key Highlights:

• The event followed a 10-player round-robin format, featuring players from various countries.
• Both Koneru Humpy and Zhu Jiner earned 117.5 WGP points for their shared first-place finish.
• Current cumulative standings after five legs:
  • Aleksandra Goryachkina (Russia): 308.34 points (3 events)
  • Koneru Humpy (India): 279.17 points (3 events)
  • Zhu Jiner (China): 235 points (2 events)

About FIDE Women’s Grand Prix 2024–25:

• A series of six tournaments organized by FIDE.
• Each tournament includes ten players, with each participant playing in three of the six events.
• The series acts as a qualifying pathway for the FIDE Women’s Candidates Tournament 2026, which selects the challenger for the Women’s World Chess Championship.

Note: The final leg of the series is scheduled in Großlobming, Austria, from May 5 to 16, 2025.

About FIDE (International Chess Federation):

• President: Arkady Dvorkovich
• Headquarters: Lausanne, Switzerland
• Founded: 1924

Rohit Sharma Becomes Second Indian to Reach 12,000 Runs in T20s

Rohit Sharma has become the second Indian after Virat Kohli and the eighth player overall to score 12,000 runs in T20 cricket, reaching this milestone during an IPL 2025 match against Sunrisers Hyderabad (SRH).

• His consistent performances, particularly for Mumbai Indians (MI) and previously Deccan Chargers, have been vital to his team’s success.
• Rohit now joins an elite group of players, including Chris Gayle, Shoaib Malik, Kieron Pollard, David Warner, Alex Hales, and Jos Buttler, marking a significant achievement in his T20 career.

Obitutary news

Former ISRO Chairman and Padma Awardee K. Kasturirangan Passes Away

On 26 April 2025, Dr Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan, former Chairman of ISRO and renowned Padma awardee, passed away at the age of 84 in Bengaluru, Karnataka. He was born on 24 October 1940 in Ernakulam, Kerala.

i. Dr Kasturirangan began his journey in space science in 1969 as a researcher at the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.

ii. He served as Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) from 1994 to 2003, during which he led the development and launch of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). He also initiated India’s planetary exploration, which later led to the Chandrayaan-1 mission.

iii. For his immense contribution to science and engineering, he received India’s prestigious civilian honours:

• Padma Shri in 1982 (India’s fourth-highest civilian award)
• Padma Bhushan in 1992 (third-highest)
• Padma Vibhushan in 2000 (second-highest)

Important days

World Malaria Day 2025 – April 25′

World Malaria Day (WMD) is observed every year on 25 April across the globe. It is an initiative by the World Health Organization (WHO) to raise awareness, mobilize resources, and promote action for the prevention, control, and elimination of malaria.

The theme for WMD 2025 is Malaria Ends With Us: Reinvest, Reimagine, Reignite, which calls for renewed efforts at all levels—from global policies to community actions—to accelerate the journey toward malaria elimination.

Background:
i. WMD was established by WHO member states at the World Health Assembly (WHA) in 2007.
ii. The first World Malaria Day was marked on 25 April 2008.
iii. The idea of WMD evolved from Africa Malaria Day, launched in 2001 following the Abuja Declaration, signed by 44 malaria-endemic countries during the African Summit on Malaria.

About WHO:
Director General – Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
Headquarters – Geneva, Switzerland
Founded – 1948

World Immunization Week 2025, History, Theme, Importance

World Immunization Week 2025 (April 24–30), organized by the World Health Organization (WHO), promotes the theme “Immunization for All is Humanly Possible”, emphasizing the need for universal access to vaccines across all age groups.

• Since 1974, immunization has saved 154 million lives, including 6 lives every minute, with the measles vaccine alone responsible for 60% of these lives saved.
• Despite significant progress, challenges persist, such as 22 million children missing their measles vaccinations in 2023. Additionally, vaccine misinformation poses a threat to global health advancements.
• The campaign calls for a renewed global commitment to equity in vaccination, particularly for underserved and vulnerable populations.

26 April 2025 Current Affairs

We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 25th April February 2025 current affairs from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs of 25th April 2025 current affairscoverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation.

Edusprint Youtube Channel : Edusprint Academy

National news

Govt launches National Zero Measles-Rubella Elimination campaign

On 24 April 2025, the Government of India launched the 2025-26 National Zero Measles Rubella Elimination Campaign to achieve 100% immunisation coverage. The campaign coincided with the start of World Immunisation Week, which is observed from 24-30 April 2025. The government aims to eliminate Measles and Rubella in the country by 2026.

The campaign has been initiated in collaboration with state governments and other health partners.

Who Launched the Campaign?

The Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare, Jagat Prakash Nadda, officially launched the National Zero Measles Rubella Elimination Campaign in New Delhi on 24 April 2025.

India’s Achievements in Eliminating Measles and Rubella

From January to March 2025, the following progress was reported:

• 332 districts in India reported zero measles cases.
• 487 districts reported zero rubella cases. These efforts have been acknowledged internationally, with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare receiving the 2024 Measles and Rubella Champion Award from the Measles and Rubella Partnership.

About the Measles Rubella Elimination Campaign

The Measles Rubella Campaign is a large-scale vaccination initiative aimed at vaccinating all eligible children between 9-12 months and 16-24 months. The children will receive two doses of the Measles-Rubella vaccine, which is provided free of cost.

As of the latest report, the vaccination coverage in India stands at:

• 93.7% for the first dose.
• 92.2% for the second dose.

About Measles and Rubella

• Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects children. It spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person breathes, coughs, or sneezes. Measles can cause severe health issues and even death, especially in children, but it can be prevented through vaccination.
• Rubella is another contagious viral disease, particularly dangerous when contracted by a pregnant woman, as it can result in severe congenital birth defects in the fetus. Vaccination can prevent both diseases.

Universal Immunisation Programme

Launched in 1978 and expanded nationwide in 1985, the Universal Immunisation Programme is fully funded by the Government of India. The program provides free vaccines to pregnant women and newborns and currently covers 12 diseases, including Diphtheria, Polio, Measles, Rubella, and others.

Building a Self-Reliant India: 5 Years of SVAMITVA Scheme

The SVAMITVA (Survey of Villages and Mapping with Improvised Technology in Village Areas) scheme, a transformative initiative in rural governance, recently marked five years of successful implementation. It was launched on April 24, 2020, by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the occasion of National Panchayati Raj Day.

The scheme is being implemented by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR) in collaboration with the Survey of India (SoI), headquartered in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, and National Informatics Centre Services Inc. (NICSI), based in New Delhi, serving as the technology partner.

Key highlights:

• SVAMITVA is a Central Sector Scheme (CSS) aimed at providing rural household owners with a ‘record of rights’ in the form of property cards, covering inhabited areas of villages.
• It was initially allocated a budget of Rs 566.23 crore, covering FY 2020-21 to FY 2024-25, and has now been extended till FY 2025-26.
• As of January 18, 2025, the Government of India (GoI) had successfully distributed 65 lakh SVAMITVA property cards across more than 50,000 villages in 10 states, including 2 Union Territories (UTs).

Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR):

• Union Minister: Rajiv Ranjan Singh (also known as Lalan Singh), representing Munger, Bihar
• Minister of State: S.P. Singh Baghel, representing Agra, Uttar Pradesh (UP)

GoI Announced 5-Point Action against Pakistan After Pahalgam Terror Attack

In April 2025, following a terror attack in Pahalgam, Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) that claimed the lives of 26 people, including a foreign national, the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS), the highest body responsible for national security decisions in India and chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, took a series of stringent actions against Pakistan.

During a meeting of the CCS in New Delhi, the Government of India (GoI) rolled out a 5-point action plan aimed at impacting Pakistan’s infrastructure, diplomatic activities, and cross-border movements. Key actions include:

1. The suspension of the Indus Water Treaty (IWT), a vital water-sharing agreement between India and Pakistan, with immediate effect.
2. The closure of the integrated Attari-Wagah Border, effective immediately. The government clarified that individuals who have already crossed with valid documents will be allowed to return via the same route before May 01, 2025.
3. The expulsion of all Pakistani military, naval, and air advisors stationed at the Pakistan High Commission in New Delhi. These individuals have been declared ‘Persona Non Grata’ and instructed to leave India within one week.

International news

UNESCO Names 16 New Global Geoparks

On April , 2025, UNESCO added 16 new Global Geoparks, increasing its network to 229 geoparks across 50 countries. These geoparks now cover nearly 855,000 km², which is roughly the size of Namibia. The newly designated geoparks, located in Asia, Europe, Africa, and Latin America, are recognized for their remarkable geological heritage, including volcanic ranges, rock formations, mountain ranges, fossil sites, and ancient desert landscapes. These sites not only preserve geological wonders but also foster environmental education, promote the conservation of local ecosystems, and support the cultural knowledge of indigenous communities.

Key Highlights of the UNESCO Global Geoparks Network (UGGPs) – 10th Anniversary Update (2025):

• Total UGGPs: 229, spanning across 50 countries.
• 16 New UNESCO Global Geoparks added in 2025.
• India: Currently has no UNESCO Global Geoparks.

New UNESCO Global Geoparks:

1. Geoparks in Asia:

• China:
  • Kanbula UNESCO Global Geopark: Located on the northeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, featuring ancient volcanoes and the Yellow River.
  • Yunyang UNESCO Global Geopark: Showcases landscapes from 250 million years ago, highlighting the transition from an inland sea to terrestrial environments.
• Democratic People’s Republic of Korea:
  • Mt Paektu UNESCO Global Geopark: A volcanic site marked by eruptions and glacial erosion, the first UNESCO Global Geopark in the country.
• Indonesia:
  • Kebumen UNESCO Global Geopark: Features ancient rock formations, including the Karangsambung site, a natural laboratory for oceanic and continental margin rocks.
  • Meratus UNESCO Global Geopark: Displays geological history dating back to the Jurassic period with significant diamond deposits and tectonic features.
• Republic of Korea:
  • Danyang UNESCO Global Geopark: Located along the Baekdu Daegan mountain range, featuring 1.9-billion-year-old granite gneiss formations.
  • Gyeongbuk Donghaean UNESCO Global Geopark: Known for Deokgu Valley and ancient granitic rocks, combined with hot springs.

2. Geoparks in Europe:

• Italy:
  • MurGEopark UNESCO Global Geopark: Situated in the Murges Highlands, famous for stable Adriatic Plate features and ancient geological formations.
• Norway:
  • The Fjord Coast UNESCO Global Geopark: Known for fjords, waterfalls, and glaciers in Norway’s westernmost region.
• Spain:
  • Costa Quebrada UNESCO Global Geopark: Reveals tectonic movements along the Cantabrian coast, spanning over 120 million years.
• United Kingdom:
  • Arran UNESCO Global Geopark: Located on a Scottish island, showcasing a geological history of 600 million years with evidence of tectonic plate collisions.

3. Geoparks in the Middle East and Latin America:

• Saudi Arabia:
  • North Riyadh UNESCO Global Geopark: Known for Tabletop Mountains and significant cultural landmarks.
  • Salma UNESCO Global Geopark: Features volcanic and magmatic rocks more than 740 million years old, offering insights into deep Earth processes.
• Viet Nam:
  • Lang Son UNESCO Global Geopark: Located in rugged limestone peaks, displaying volcanic eruptions and evolving ecosystems.
• Ecuador:
  • Napo Sumaco UNESCO Global Geopark: Situated in the Amazon Basin, it includes Sumaco Volcano and geological activity from the Jurassic period to the present.
  • Tungurahua Volcano UNESCO Global Geopark: Known for its volcanic and glacial history spanning over 417 million years in the Andes.

Overview of UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGPs):

• Launched: 2015 as part of the International Geosciences and Geoparks Programme (IGGP).
• Definition: A UNESCO Global Geopark is a unified geographical area of significant geological importance.
• Management: Must be overseen by a legally recognized body in accordance with national laws.
• Reassessment: Geoparks are reassessed every 4 years.
• Networking: Membership in the Global Geoparks Network (GGN) is mandatory.

Focus Areas of UNESCO Global Geoparks:

• Protection: Preserving natural and cultural heritage.
• Education: Promoting environmental and geological awareness.
• Sustainable Development: Supporting local communities and eco-friendly practices.

Overview of PM Narendra Modi’s Official Visit to Saudi Arabia from April 22 -23, 2025

Prime Minister Narendra Modi made an official two-day visit to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from April 22-23, 2025, at the invitation of Crown Prince and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. Upon his arrival in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, PM Modi was accorded a grand welcome, including a 21-gun salute at the airport.

This was PM Modi’s third visit to Saudi Arabia, marking a significant step in further strengthening the ties between the two nations. It also marked his 15th official trip to the Gulf region since assuming office in 2014.

Key Highlights of the Visit:

1. PM Modi and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman held extensive talks and co-chaired the second meeting of the India–Saudi Arabia Strategic Partnership Council (SPC).
2. The SPC agreed to form a new Ministerial Committee to focus on areas such as Defence Cooperation, Tourism, and Cultural Cooperation.
3. During the visit, India and Saudi Arabia signed four Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) aimed at enhancing bilateral cooperation across multiple sectors.

About the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia:

• Prime Minister: Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
• Capital: Riyadh
• Currency: Saudi Riyal (SAR)

Banking news

RBI Data: Outward remittances under RBI’s LRS decline 8.2% in April-February

Outward remittances under the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS) for the period April 2024 to February 2025 in Financial Year (FY) 2025 have shown a decline compared to the same period in the previous year.

Remittances decreased by 8.21% year-on-year (Y-o-Y), falling to USD 27.02 billion from USD 29.43 billion in the corresponding period last year.

Key Observations:

1. International travel, the largest category of remittances, experienced a slight decline of about 1%, dropping to USD 15.84 billion during April–February of FY25, compared to USD 16 billion in the same period last year.
2. Remittances for the maintenance of close relatives saw a significant 22% year-on-year drop, falling to USD 3.3 billion.
3. Remittances for overseas education also declined by 16%, reaching USD 2.76 billion from last year’s figure.
4. Overseas remittances for purchasing immovable property rose by 28.32%, reaching USD 277.7 million.
5. Investment in equity/debt saw an increase of 8.27%, totaling USD 1.39 billion.

February 2025 Data:

1. Overseas remittances in February 2025 slipped by 2.44%, dropping to USD 1.96 billion from USD 2.01 billion in the same month of the previous year.
2. Remittances for international travel rose by 3.5%, reaching USD 1.09 billion in February 2025, compared to USD 1.05 billion in February 2024.
3. Remittances for overseas education decreased by 26.19%, totaling USD 182.17 million, while funds sent for the maintenance of close relatives fell by 11.78% year-on-year, amounting to USD 235 million.

About the LRS Scheme:

Introduced in 2004, the Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS) allows all resident individuals, including minors, to remit up to USD 250,000 per financial year for any permissible current or capital account transaction, or a combination of both.
The scheme was initially introduced with a limit of USD 25,000, and the limit has since been revised in stages in accordance with prevailing macroeconomic and microeconomic conditions.

SBI to Deploy ‘Grahak Mitras‘ to Promote Alternate Banking Channels

In April 2025, the State Bank of India (SBI), headquartered in Mumbai (Maharashtra), announced the launch of the “Grahak Mitras” (Customers’ Friends) initiative. This initiative will see the deployment of Grahak Mitras across 4,500 branches of SBI, representing nearly 20% of its total 22,740 branches nationwide. The aim is to encourage customers to use self-service banking channels, helping reduce congestion in branches.

The Grahak Mitras will be recruited from State Bank Operations Support Services (SBOSS), a wholly-owned subsidiary of SBI based in New Delhi (Delhi). These personnel will be primarily stationed at branches with high footfall, particularly those handling government salary accounts, pensions, and Direct Benefit Transfers (DBT).

SBI’s Alternate Banking Channels:

SBI offers a wide range of self-service banking options, including:

• Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) and Automated Deposit Cum Withdrawal Machines (ADWMs)
• Self-service kiosks
• SWAYAM barcode-based passbook printing kiosks
• Cheque deposit kiosks
• Internet banking
• Mobile banking through the YONO App
• WhatsApp banking services

These platforms provide 24/7 access to banking services, ensuring both convenience and security for customers.

Digital Banking Growth:

As of December 2024, a significant 98.1% of SBI’s transactions were conducted through these alternate banking channels, showing a marked increase from 88.1% in March 2019. This reflects a notable shift towards digital banking in the bank’s operations.

HDFC Bank Becomes Third Indian Company to Surpass Rs 15 Lakh Crore m-cap

In April 2025, HDFC Bank Limited, based in Mumbai (Maharashtra), reached a major milestone by surpassing a market capitalization (m-cap) of Rs 15 lakh crore, making it the third Indian company to achieve this milestone. The first two companies to reach this valuation were Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) and Tata Consultancy Services (TCS).

As of March 31, 2025, HDFC Bank’s m-cap stood at Rs 15,01,289.37 crore, driven by consistent share price growth and strong investor confidence.

Financial Highlights for Q4 FY25:

1. Net Profit: The bank reported a standalone net profit of Rs 17,616 crore for Q4 FY25, reflecting a 6.7% increase compared to Rs 16,512 crore in the same quarter the previous year.
2. Net Interest Income (NII): NII grew by 10.3% year-on-year, reaching Rs 32,070 crore, up from Rs 29,080 crore in Q4 FY24.
3. Total Income: The total income for the quarter was Rs 89,488 crore, which was marginally lower than Rs 89,639 crore in the corresponding quarter of the previous year.

RBI Mandates Banks to Transition to ‘.bank.in’ Domain by October 31, 2025

In April 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), based in Mumbai (Maharashtra), issued a directive requiring all banks to transition their digital operations to the exclusive ‘.bank.in’ domain by October 31, 2025. This move aims to bolster the security infrastructure of online banking services across the nation and address the growing concerns related to cybersecurity threats.

The primary goal of this initiative is to counteract the increasing cyber threats targeting online banking platforms.

Implementation Framework:

1. Registrar Authority: The Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT), based in Hyderabad (Telangana), will act as the registrar for the ‘.bank.in’ domain, under the authorization of the National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI) and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
2. Registration Process: Banks need to reach out to IDRBT at sahyog@idrbt.ac.in to begin the migration process. IDRBT will assist in providing the necessary guidance on the technical and procedural aspects of the transition.
3. IT Infrastructure Modernization: Banks will be required to update their IT infrastructure to comply with the new domain mandate, ensuring secure and seamless digital banking services for their customers.

Economy news

Life Insurance Premium Mobilisation Rises by 5.13% in FY25

The Indian life insurance industry experienced robust growth in the financial year 2024–25, with a 5.13% increase in total new business premium collections, reflecting a strong recovery compared to the previous year. Notably, the individual new business premium segment surged by 11.17%, indicating an uptick in participation from first-time policyholders. This growth highlights the sector’s efforts to expand market reach and enhance financial protection offerings.

Key Highlights of FY25 Life Insurance Performance:

Overall Growth:

• The new business premium for the life insurance industry grew by 5.13% in FY25.
• This marked an improvement from FY24, which saw a more modest 2% growth.

Premium Collection Figures:

• FY25: ₹3,97,336 crore
• FY24: ₹3,77,960 crore
• Absolute Increase: ₹19,376 crore

Individual New Business Premium:

• FY25: ₹1,66,590.81 crore
• FY24: ₹1,49,851.67 crore
• Growth: 11.17%

LIC’s Performance:

• Total New Business Premium: ₹2,26,669 crore
• Individual New Business Premium: ₹62,404 crore (record high)
• LIC’s Market Share: 57.05%

Industry Commentary:

• The growth in FY25 was primarily driven by a strategic focus on attracting first-time buyers and offering comprehensive coverage.
• March 2025 saw a 4.47% increase in combined individual premium collections.

World Bank Lowers India’s GDP Growth Forecast to 6.3% for FY26

On April 23, 2025, the World Bank (WB), headquartered in Washington D.C. (USA), released the “South Asia Development Update April 2025” and revised India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth forecast for the 2025-26 fiscal year (FY26) down to 6.3%, a 0.4% reduction from its previous estimate of 6.7%.

This adjustment is attributed to slower growth in private investment, lower public capital expenditures, and the impact of global economic challenges and policy uncertainties.

Key Insights:

1. India’s Growth in FY2024-25: The growth forecast for FY2024-25 is projected to slow to 6.3% from 6.5%. The initial positive impact of lower interest rates and easier business regulations might be dampened by weaker global economic conditions.
2. Deceleration in India’s Growth: The World Bank noted a slowdown in India’s GDP growth, dropping from 9.2% in FY24 to an estimated 6.5% in FY25, which is the slowest growth rate observed in the past four years.
3. Regional Growth in South Asia: The South Asian region‘s growth is projected to decline to 5.8% in 2025, which is a 0.4 percentage point drop from earlier forecasts made in October 2024. For 2026, regional growth is expected to rise slightly to 6.1%.

Additionally, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) also lowered India’s GDP growth projection for FY26 to 6.2%, from 6.5% as per their January 2025 estimate.

About the World Bank (WB):

• President: Ajay Banga
• Headquarters: Washington D.C., USA
• Founded: 1944
• Members: 189

Ranks and report news

IISc Tops Times Higher Education Asia Rankings 2025

The Times Higher Education (THE) Asia University Rankings 2025 were revealed on April 23, showcasing the top 853 universities across 35 countries and territories in Asia. The rankings highlight institutions excelling in research, teaching, and innovation. The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) remains the highest-ranked Indian university at 38th overall in Asia, although it has dropped from its 32nd position in 2024. Several other Indian institutions experienced a slight decline in their rankings, signaling the increasing competition in higher education across Asia.

Key Highlights of THE Asia Rankings 2025:

• IISc retains the top position for Indian universities, ranked 38th, despite a fall from 32nd last year.
• Anna University and IIT Indore are ranked at 111th and 131st, respectively, both showing slight declines compared to their previous rankings.
• Mahatma Gandhi University ranks 140th, a small dip from its 134th position last year.
• Other notable Indian institutions, including Shoolini University, Saveetha Institute, and Jamia Millia Islamia, also feature in the rankings.

Detailed Breakdown of Indian Universities in the Rankings:

• 38th – Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
• 111th – Anna University
• 131st – Indian Institute of Technology Indore
• 140th – Mahatma Gandhi University
• 146th – Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences
• 149th – Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences
• 161st – Jamia Millia Islamia
• 184th – Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
• 184th – KIIT University
• 188th – Aligarh Muslim University
• 188th – UPES
• 191st – Indian Institute of Technology Patna
• 191st – National Institute of Technology Rourkela
• 200th – International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad

International Trends in the Rankings:

• China’s Dominance: Tsinghua University and Peking University continue to hold the top two positions.
• Singapore’s Rise: National University of Singapore ranks 3rd, followed by Nanyang Technological University at 4th.
• Japan and Hong Kong: Universities such as The University of Tokyo and The University of Hong Kong remain strong in the rankings.
• New Entrants: Universities from Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Mongolia, and Syria appear for the first time in the rankings.

SIAM: Automobile export from India increases 19.2 % in 2024-25

India’s Automobile Exports in 2024-25

According to the Society of Indian Automotive Manufacturers (SIAM), India’s automobile exports saw a 19.2% increase in 2024-25 compared to the previous year. A total of 53,63,089 units were exported, up from 45,00,494 units in 2023-24. The export included a range of vehicles such as passenger vehicles, two-wheelers, and commercial vehicles, with major export destinations being African and Latin American countries, along with some exports beginning to developed countries.

Break-up of Automobile Exports in 2024-25

• Total Exports: 53,63,089 units in 2024-25.
  • Passenger Vehicles (Cars, Vans, MPVs, SUVs):
    • 7,70,364 units, up from 6,72,105 units in 2023-24 (a 15% growth).
  • Two-Wheelers:
    • 41,98,403 units, marking a 21% growth compared to the previous year.
  • Commercial Vehicles:
    • 80,986 units, reflecting a 23% increase.

Leading Exporters in Different Segments

1. Passenger Vehicle Segment
   • Maruti Suzuki India Limited led the exports in this category, with 332,585 units exported in 2024-25, compared to 283,067 units in 2023-24.
     • Key markets: Africa, West Asia, Latin America, and Japan.
   • Hyundai India Limited followed with 158,686 units exported.
     • Key markets: Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Mexico, Chile, and Peru.
     • Hyundai has also exported over 1.5 million i10 models from India.
2. Two-Wheeler Segment
   • Bajaj Auto, TVS, and Honda Motorcycles & Scooters India Ltd were the top three exporters.
     • The African and Latin American regions were the primary export markets.

Award news

PM Modi presents National Panchayat Awards in Madhubani Bihar

On 24 April 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi presented awards to the winners of the 2025 National Panchayat Awards in Madhubani, Bihar, on the occasion of National Panchayati Raj Day. This event marked a significant moment in India’s commitment to empowering local self-governance.

Prime Minister’s Visit to Bihar

The Prime Minister, during his one-day visit to Bihar, also inaugurated and laid the foundation stone for several developmental projects across the state. Additionally, he flagged off several railway projects.

Key Highlights of the Prime Minister’s Visit:

1. LNG Bottling Plant: He laid the foundation stone for a LNG (liquefied natural gas) bottling plant with a rail unloading facility at Hathua, Gopalganj District.
2. Housing Projects: He handed over the keys of 1 lakh houses built under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Gramin to beneficiaries and 54,000 houses under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban in Bihar.
3. Railway Projects:
   • Flagged off the Amrit Bharat Express between Saharsa and Mumbai.
   • Flagged off the Namo Bharat Rapid Rail between Jaynagar and Patna.
   • Inaugurated trains between Pipra and Saharsa and Saharsa and Samastipur.
   • Inaugurated rail lines in Supaul Pipra, Hasanpur Bithan, and Khagaria-Alauli.
   • Inaugurated two 2-lane Rail over bridges at Chapra and Bagaha.

National Panchayati Raj Day Celebrations

The 2025 National Panchayati Raj Day was celebrated at Lohna Uttar Gram Panchayat, Jhanjharpur Block, in Madhubani District, Bihar, with prominent figures such as Chief Minister Nitish Kumar, Union Minister Rajiv Ranjan Singh (Lalan Singh), and other dignitaries in attendance.

About National Panchayati Raj Day:

National Panchayati Raj Day is observed on 24th April each year, marking the day in 1993 when the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 came into effect. This amendment introduced a three-tier rural self-governance structure in India, comprising:

• Gram Panchayats (village level),
• Panchayat Samitis (intermediate level),
• Zilla Parishads (district level).

2025 National Panchayat Award Winners:

The Union Ministry of Panchayati Raj awards Special Category National Panchayat Awards to recognize outstanding Panchayats across India. These awards promote initiatives in key areas such as climate action, self-reliance, and capacity building.

Award Categories & Winners:

1. Climate Action Special Panchayat Award: Encourages Panchayats to implement climate-responsive initiatives.
   • First: Dawwa S Gram Panchayat, Gondia District, Maharashtra
   • Second: Biradahalli Gram Panchayat, Hassan District, Karnataka
   • Third: Motipur Gram Panchayat, Samastipur District, Bihar
2. Atma Nirbhar Panchayat Special Award: Recognizes Panchayats that generate their own revenue to fund activities.
   • First: Mall Gram Panchayat, Ranga Reddy District, Telangana
   • Second: Hatbadra Gram Panchayat, Mayurbhanj District, Odisha
   • Third: Gollapudi Gram Panchayat, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh
3. Panchayat Kshamta Nirman Sarvottam Sansthan Puraskar: Recognizes Panchayats excelling in capacity building and training for Panchayati Raj representatives and functionaries.

Awards and Recognition:

Winners of the National Panchayat Awards were presented with trophies, certificates, and a cash prize. The prizes for the top three positions were:

• First: ₹1 crore
• Second: ₹75 lakh
• Third: ₹50 lakh

These awards recognize the significant contributions of Panchayats in empowering rural governance and driving local development in various sectors.

Appointment news

Campbell Wilson steps down as Chairman of Air India Express; Nipun Aggarwal to take over

In April 2025, Air India Express (IX), a wholly owned subsidiary of Air India based in Mumbai (Maharashtra), announced the resignation of Campbell Wilson, who had been serving as the Chairman of Air India Express since June 2022. This leadership change is part of the ongoing restructuring of the airline operations under the Tata Group.

About Air India Express (IX):

• Air India Express is the low-cost arm of Air India and operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of the parent airline. Along with Air India, it was reacquired by the Tata Group for Rs 18,000 crore in January 2022.
• Headquarters: Gurgaon, Haryana
• Established: 2004

T Rabi Sankar Re-appointed as RBI Deputy Governor for One Year

In April 2025, the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the reappointment of T. Rabi Sankar as Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for a one-year extension, effective May 3, 2025, or until further orders, whichever is earlier.

This marks his second consecutive one-year extension since his initial appointment in May 2021, where he succeeded B.P. Kanungo.

Key Responsibilities:

• T. Rabi Sankar currently oversees several key departments within the RBI, including:
  • Foreign Exchange
  • Currency Management
  • Government Accounts Department

Career Background:

• Before his appointment as Deputy Governor, T. Rabi Sankar served as Executive Director (ED) at the RBI.
• He also worked as a Consultant at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 2005 to 2011, focusing on the development of government bond markets and debt management.

Additional Roles:

Beyond his duties at the RBI, T. Rabi Sankar holds several prominent positions:

• Chairman, Indian Financial Technology and Allied Services (IFTAS)
• Board Member, Reserve Bank Information Technology Pvt Ltd (ReBIT)
• Member, Governing Council, Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT)

RBI’s Deputy Governors (As of April 2025):

• T. Rabi Sankar
• M. Rajeshwar Rao
• Swaminathan Janakiraman
• Poonam Gupta

Science and tech news

India’s First Quantum Computing Village in Amaravati

India is making a major advancement in next-generation technologies with the launch of its first Quantum Computing Village in Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh. A high-level meeting, chaired by the Real-Time Governance Society (RTGS), brought together top technology players including IBM, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), and Larsen & Toubro (L&T) to finalize the roadmap for this groundbreaking project. The proposed facility is set to become a world-class hub for quantum computing research, ecosystem development, and innovation, underscoring India’s strategic move to lead in the field of advanced computational technologies.

Key Highlights of the Meeting:

• Location: Andhra Pradesh Secretariat, under the RTGS
• Participating Organizations: IBM, TCS, and L&T
• Objective: To finalize the design, infrastructure, and collaboration model for India’s first Quantum Computing Village.

Key Focus Areas:

• Infrastructure Blueprint: Establishing the framework for the quantum computing facility.
• Quantum Hardware Deployment: Plans to integrate cutting-edge quantum computing systems.
• Long-term Research Collaboration Ecosystem: Building a collaborative environment for ongoing research and development in quantum technologies.

Infrastructure & Technical Details:

• Iconic Building:
  • Designed by L&T and conceptualized by IBM.
  • The facility will house IBM’s Quantum System Two, one of the most advanced quantum computing systems globally.
  • A dedicated on-site data center will be featured.
• Collaboration:
  • IBM and TCS will jointly finalize the specifications for the facility’s infrastructure.
  • The planning will include provisions for long-term facility expansion.

India Dispatches 2nd Batch of BrahMos Supersonic Cruise Missiles to Philippines

In April 2025, India successfully dispatched the 2nd batch of BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles to the Philippines as part of a USD 375 million (Rs. 3,202 crore) defense deal signed in 2022. This marks a significant milestone in India’s growing defense export capabilities, as the Philippines becomes the first nation to sign an agreement with India to import the BrahMos missile.

Key Details:

• Agreement Signed: In January 2022, BrahMos Aerospace Private Limited (an India-Russia joint venture) and the Philippine Department of National Defense (DND) signed the deal, including the delivery of three BrahMos missile batteries.
• Delivery Process:
  • The second batch was dispatched by ship, following the first delivery made in April 2024 via an Indian Air Force (IAF) transport aircraft.

About the BrahMos Supersonic Cruise Missiles:

• Developed By: Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO), India and the Military Industrial Consortium NPO Mashinostroyeniya (NPOM) of Russia.
• Specifications:
  • Range: 290 km
  • Speed: Mach 2.8 (three times the speed of sound)
  • Payload: Capable of carrying warheads weighing between 200 kg to 300 kg.
• Strategic Importance: The missile is designed to enhance the Philippines’ coastal defense, especially amid rising tensions in the South China Sea (SCS).

India’s Growing Defense Capabilities:

• Indigenization: Currently, 83% of BrahMos components are indigenized as part of India’s Make in India (MII) initiative.
• Future Goals: India aims to produce defense equipment worth Rs 3 lakh crore by 2029.

Other Developments:

• Vietnam is set to become the second Asian nation to acquire the BrahMos missile, with a deal valued at approximately USD 700 million (Rs. 5,990 crore).

About the Philippines:

• President: Ferdinand Marcos Jr.
• Capital: Manila
• Currency: Philippine Peso

China Launches World’s 1st 10G Broadband Network

In April 2025, China achieved a significant milestone by launching the world’s first 10-Gigabit (10G) broadband network in Sunan County, Hebei Province. This development represents a breakthrough in internet infrastructure, offering incredibly fast and low-latency internet access.

Key Highlights:

• Partnership: The project is a collaborative effort between Huawei, the global telecommunications giant, and China Unicom, a state-run telecom operator.
• Technology: The network is powered by 50G PON (Passive Optical Network) technology, which is a next-generation system designed to enhance data transmission over existing fibre-optic infrastructure.
• Infrastructure: The upgrade is likely supported by Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM), an advanced technology that boosts the capacity and efficiency of optical networks.

Performance Metrics:

• Download Speeds: Reached 9,834 Megabits per second (Mbps).
• Upload Speeds: Recorded at 1,008 Mbps.
• Latency: Reduced to as low as 3 milliseconds (ms), which is ideal for applications that require near-instantaneous data transfer, like gaming and real-time communications.

Sports news

Neeraj Chopra Wins Gold at Potch Invitational 2025 in South Africa

In April 2025, Neeraj Chopra, India’s two-time Olympic medallist in javelin throw, kicked off his 2025 season with a gold medal at the NWU Potch Invitational in Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Key Achievements:

• Throw: Neeraj achieved a distance of 84.52 meters, securing the top spot on the podium and surpassing South Africa’s Douw Smit (82.44m) and Duncan Robertson (71.22m).
• Season Best: This throw marked a new Indian season-best, surpassing the previous record set by Sachin Yadav (84.39m).
• Coaching: This was Chopra’s first competition under the guidance of Jan Železný, a Czech javelin throw legend, three-time Olympic gold medallist, and world record holder with a mark of 98.48m.

Personal Best:

• Neeraj Chopra’s personal best stands at 89.94 meters, achieved in June 2022, which continues to be one of the top performances in javelin history.

This victory sets a strong tone for Neeraj Chopra’s 2025 season, underlining his consistency and potential as he continues his journey towards future championships.

Important Days

National Panchayati Raj Day 2025 – April 24

National Panchayati Raj Day (NPRD), also known as National Local Self-Government Day, is observed annually in India on 24 April to acknowledge the importance of the Panchayati Raj System in decentralised governance at the grassroots level.

NPRD 2025: Key Highlights

• Date: 24 April 2025 marks the 16th National Panchayati Raj Day.
• Significance: This year marks 32 years since the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, which granted constitutional status to Panchayats.
• Background:
  • In 2010, then Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh officially declared 24 April as National Panchayati Raj Day. The first NPRD was observed on this day in 2010.

2025 Event:

• Location: The main event of NPRD 2025 was held at Lohna Uttar Gram Panchayat (GP), Jhanjharpur Block, Madhubani District, Bihar, in collaboration with the Government of Bihar.
• Chief Guest: Prime Minister Narendra Modi graced the occasion as the Chief Guest, addressing Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Gram Sabhas across India.
• Awards: The National Panchayat Awards (Special Categories) for 2025 were conferred for the first time by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR). The awards recognize exemplary efforts in:
  • Climate Action
  • Atmanirbharta (Self-Reliance)
  • Capacity Building aligned with the Localisation of Sustainable Development Goals (LSDGs).

Books and author news

MeitY Launches ‘I Am Circular’ Coffee Table Book

On April 23, 2025, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), in partnership with the International Council for Circular Economy (ICCE), unveiled the ‘I Am Circular’ Coffee Table Book. This book highlights India’s dedication to sustainability and innovation, focusing on the principles of the circular economy—reusing, recycling, and minimizing waste. The event aimed to promote technology-driven sustainable development and featured 30 groundbreaking Indian innovations that are driving the circular economy through smart, scalable, and sustainable practices.

Key Highlights of the Initiative:

• Organizers: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and International Council for Circular Economy (ICCE).
• Event Date: April 23, 2025.
• Objective: To celebrate and present India’s top 30 circular economy innovations through a visually captivating Coffee Table Book.
• Book Title: ‘I Am Circular’ Coffee Table Book.
• Curated By: ICCE (International Council for Circular Economy).

Core Themes of Innovation:

The featured innovations are categorized into three key themes:

1. Design to Last: Prioritizing the creation of durable products with long life cycles.
2. Work with Nature: Emphasizing sustainable, eco-friendly solutions that work in harmony with natural ecosystems.
3. Use Existing Resources: Focusing on optimizing materials and waste to reduce environmental impact and create value.

Types of Innovations Highlighted:

• Platforms for recycling electronic waste.
• Green materials designed to lower carbon footprints.
• IoT-enabled circular systems for real-time monitoring.
• Digital repair and reuse solutions.
• Biodegradable packaging innovations.
• Reverse logistics and supply chain management techniques.
• Circular textile solutions.
• Smart composting and energy generation from waste.

Key Remarks at the Launch Event:

Shri Abhishek Singh, Additional Secretary, MeitY, stated: “‘I Am Circular’ is more than just a publication; it represents India’s commitment to responsible innovation and sustainability. It aligns with MeitY’s vision of leveraging technology for inclusive and sustainable development.”

24 April 2025 Current Affairs

National news

MSDE and Microsoft Signed a MoU to Launch “AI Careers for Women”

The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Microsoft Corporation, headquartered in Redmond, Washington (USA), to roll out a major skilling initiative titled ‘AI Careers for Women’. This program aims to empower women in higher education institutions (HEIs) by equipping them with industry-relevant Artificial Intelligence (AI) skills, enabling their participation in the digital economy and fostering innovation-led growth in India.

Key Highlights:

1. Training Goal:
   Microsoft will train 20,000 women through a 240-hour AI training curriculum, aligned with the standards set by the National Council for Vocational Education and Training (NCVET), New Delhi.
2. Infrastructure Development:
   • 30 Centres of Excellence (CoEs) will be established in women’s colleges across 6 Indian states.
   • These CoEs will function as hubs supporting 150 spoke institutions located in Tier-II and Tier-III towns.
3. Program Implementation:
   The initiative will be executed by Edunet Foundation, a Bengaluru-based non-profit organization. The foundation will collaborate with academic institutions, government agencies, corporates, and industry leaders to foster ecosystem-wide transformation.
4. Integrated & Inclusive Approach:
   • The program will be embedded into credit-linked university curricula in alignment with the National Education Policy (NEP).
   • Emphasis will be placed on interdisciplinary learning and industry-relevance.
5. Comprehensive Opportunities:
   Participants will gain access to AI certifications, internships, apprenticeships, fellowships, and career guidance — with a strong focus on innovation and hands-on application.
6. Focus on Rural Empowerment:
   The program seeks to unlock AI-driven innovation and economic prospects for women, especially in rural India.

About MSDE:

• Union Minister of State (Independent Charge): Jayant Chaudhary
• Member of Parliament: Rajya Sabha, Uttar Pradesh

Union Minister Piyush Goyal Launches “The Bharat Project” to Foster 1 Million Entrepreneurs

In April 2025, Union Minister Piyush Goyal, heading the Ministry of Commerce & Industry (MoC&I), launched “The Bharat Project” — a national initiative by YourStory, one of India’s leading digital media platforms. The launch event was held at Radisson Goregaon, Mumbai, Maharashtra.

The Bharat Project is focused on empowering entrepreneurs from Tier-II, Tier-III cities, and rural areas across India, with a target of creating 1 million new entrepreneurs.

Key Pillars of the Bharat Project:

1. Co-Pilot for Entrepreneurs:
   A mobile-first, AI-powered platform offering startup guidance, curated learning content, mentorship access, and inspiring success stories — available in both Hindi and English.
2. Education & Upskilling:
   Drives state-level and district-level activations, featuring WhatsApp-based learning modules to help youth learn the fundamentals of starting and scaling a business.
3. Bharat Ideathon:
   A nationwide challenge aimed at discovering innovative business ideas from over 1,000 districts. Top founders will receive mentorship and support.
4. BharatSparks:
   A launchpad initiative where selected entrepreneurs from small towns can pitch to investors, compete for grants, and receive long-term support to build scalable ventures.
5. Shuru-Kar:
   A seven-part web documentary series showcasing real startup journeys from across India. The series will feature innovators, investors, and policymakers, inspiring aspiring entrepreneurs through authentic stories.

India’s Aviation Revolution: From Regional Runways to Global Routes

Under the visionary leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, India’s aviation sector has experienced transformative growth and modernization, aligning with the Government of India’s vision of Viksit Bharat @2047 — the goal to become a developed nation by 2047.

Key Highlights of the Aviation Transformation:

1. Protection of Interest in Aircraft Objects Bill, 2025:
   • Passed by both Houses of Parliament in April 2025.
   • Aligns India’s aircraft leasing and financing framework with global norms, particularly those outlined in the Cape Town Convention (2001).
2. Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024:
   • Enacted to replace and modernize the outdated Aircraft Act of 1934 (a British-era law).
   • Passed in 2024 and came into effect on January 1, 2025.
   • Marks a significant reform in India’s aviation governance and regulatory framework.
3. Infrastructure Expansion – New Terminals:
   • The Government of India has laid the foundation stones for new terminals at key airports including:
     • Varanasi and Agra (Uttar Pradesh)
     • Darbhanga (Bihar)
     • Bagdogra (West Bengal)
4. Greenfield Airport Development:
   • Since 2014, 21 Greenfield Airports received ‘in-principle’ approval.
   • Out of these, 12 airports have been operationalised, contributing significantly to regional connectivity and infrastructure.
5. Surge in Domestic Air Travel:
   • Domestic air passenger traffic in 2024 reached an impressive 22.81 crore, more than double the 10.38 crore passengers recorded in the 65 years prior to 2014.

ASI host 38th meeting of the Central Advisory Board of Archaeology

On 23rd April 2025, the 38th meeting of the Central Advisory Board of Archaeology (CABA) was hosted by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in New Delhi. The meeting was presided over by Yadubir Singh, the Director General of ASI.

Previous Meeting:

• The 37th meeting of the CABA was held on 14th June 2022 in New Delhi.

About the Central Advisory Board of Archaeology (CABA)

• Constitution: The CABA was constituted by the Government of India in 1945 and is reconstituted every three years by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
• Function:
  • The Board plays a vital role in strengthening the collaboration between the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Indian Universities, State Governments, and Research Institutions involved in archaeology, heritage studies, and cultural preservation.
  • The Board meets annually to discuss critical matters relating to archaeology and offers advisory support to the Union Ministry of Culture on issues related to archaeology.

About the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)

• Establishment: The ASI was established in 1861 by the British Indian government.
• Administrative Control: The ASI functions under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
• Primary Functions:
  • The ASI is the leading body for archaeological research in India.
  • It is responsible for the protection and management of the country’s cultural heritage, including archaeological sites and remains.
  • The ASI is governed by the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, and is the sole authority in India overseeing the protection and management of archaeological sites.

Agreement news

India &Saudi Arabia sign Four MoUs during PM Modi’s visit

During Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s official visit to Saudi Arabia on 22nd and 23rd April 2025, significant developments were made between the two nations, reflecting their growing bilateral ties. However, the visit was cut short due to a terrorist attack in Pahalgam, Kashmir, on 22nd April, which tragically resulted in the deaths of 27 tourists.

Highlights of PM Modi’s Visit to Saudi Arabia

1. Third Visit to Saudi Arabia:
   • Prime Minister Modi visited Saudi Arabia for the third time as India’s Prime Minister. His previous visits were in 2016 and 2019.
   • In 2016, he was conferred with Saudi Arabia’s highest civilian honor, the King Abdulaziz Sash—the first time an Indian Prime Minister received such an honor.
   • The visit marked the first time an Indian Prime Minister visited the Saudi port city of Jeddah in 43 years. The last visit was by Indira Gandhi in 1982.
2. Special Gestures:
   • As a mark of respect and goodwill, the Royal Saudi Air Force’s F-15 fighter jets escorted PM Modi’s plane when it entered Jeddah airspace.
3. Meeting with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman:
   • PM Modi held discussions with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia, addressing various key issues such as:
     • Energy partnerships
     • Defense cooperation
     • Trade and investments
     • Technology, culture, and people-to-people ties.
4. India-Saudi Arabia Strategic Partnership Council:
   • The India-Saudi Arabia Strategic Partnership Council was co-chaired by both leaders in Jeddah. This is the highest-level forum for bilateral meetings.
   • The Council was initially established during PM Modi’s 2019 visit. The first meeting was held in September 2023 during the visit of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to India.
   • PM Modi and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman agreed to expand the Council by adding two new committees:
     • Ministerial Committee on Defence Cooperation
     • Committee on Tourism and Cultural Cooperation
   • With the addition of these committees, the total number of committees under the Council increased to four. The other existing committees are:
     • Committee on Political, Consumer, and Security Cooperation
     • Committee on Economy, Energy, Investment, and Technology

Saudi Arabia:

• Capital of Saudi Arabia: Riyadh 
• Currency: Saudi Riyal 
• King of Saudi Arabia: King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud 
• Crown Prince and Prime Minister: Mohammed bin Salman 

India to bring 8 cheetahs from Botswana under the Project Cheetah

As part of the Project Cheetah, the Madhya Pradesh government has announced that India will soon receive eight cheetahs from Botswana. This marks a significant step in the ongoing efforts to reintroduce cheetahs to India, where they were declared extinct in 1952.

Details of the Cheetah Import:

• Source: The cheetahs will be imported from Botswana, an African country known for its wildlife conservation efforts.
• Relocation: The cheetahs will be relocated to the Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary in Mandsaur district, Madhya Pradesh. This sanctuary is being developed to support the cheetah population, with an area of 8,900 hectares specifically allocated for their habitat.

Phased Arrival of Cheetahs:

• Phase 1: Four cheetahs will be brought to India in May 2025.
• Phase 2: Another four cheetahs will arrive in subsequent months.

About the Cheetahs and the Project:

• The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), the world’s fastest mammal, can reach speeds of up to 121 km/h.
• Project Cheetah, initiated by the Indian government in 2009, aims to reintroduce cheetahs to India, where they once roamed freely before being declared extinct.
• After an initial attempt to bring cheetahs from Iran, India signed agreements with Namibia and South Africa to source the animals.
• Current Status: The project began with the release of eight cheetahs from Namibia in September 2022, followed by twelve more from South Africa in February 2023. The current cheetah population at Kuno National Park stands at 26.

Release of Cheetahs to Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary:

• On April 20, 2025, two cheetahs were released from the Kuno National Park into the Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary by Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Dr. Mohan Yadav.
• The sanctuary is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including spotted deer, sambar, and other species, providing an ideal environment for the cheetahs.

About Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary:

• Established: 1978
• Area: 368 square kilometers
• Location: Eastern Madhya Pradesh, spanning across Mandsaur and Nimach districts.
• The Chambal River flows through the sanctuary, contributing to its biodiversity.

Project Implementation:

• The project is spearheaded by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) under the Ministry of Forests, Environment, and Climate Change.
• It is carried out in collaboration with the Madhya Pradesh government and expert committees set up by the Supreme Court of India.

About Botswana:

• Location: Southern Africa
• Capital: Gaborone
• Currency: Pula
• President: Duma Boko
• Independence: Gained independence in 1966 (previously called Bechuanaland under British colonial rule).

Banking news

RBI simplify minor bank account operation & allow mother as guardian

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has made important updates to the rules and regulations for opening and operating minor bank accounts, aiming to promote financial inclusion and make banking more accessible for minors and their families. The new guidelines, issued on 21 April 2025, offer greater flexibility and inclusivity, including the option for mothers to be the guardians of minors for opening and managing the accounts, even if the father is alive.

Key Highlights of the Updated Guidelines:

1. Guardian for Minor Accounts:
   • Minors can open bank accounts through their natural or legal guardian, which now includes the mother, even when the father is alive.
2. Types of Minor Accounts:
   • Minors can only open savings accounts and term deposit accounts (both fixed and recurring). Current accounts are not allowed for minors.
3. Age-Based Classification: The RBI has classified minors into two groups:
   • Minors up to 10 years of age:
     • Can open accounts through their natural guardians, legal guardians, or mother.
     • These accounts will be operated by the guardian or mother on behalf of the minor.
   • Minors above 10 years but below 18 years:
     • Can open and operate their bank accounts independently, without the need for a guardian.
     • The banks have the authority to set deposit limits and other terms based on their risk assessment policies.
4. Account Operation Guidelines:
   • The minor’s account must maintain a positive balance at all times and cannot be overdrawn. No loans will be provided on these accounts.
5. Additional Banking Facilities:
   • Based on their risk policies, banks may offer additional services, such as:
     • Internet banking
     • ATM/debit cards
     • Cheque book facilities

RBI announces amendments to Liquidity Coverage Ratio framework

On April 21, 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced key amendments to the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) framework to strengthen liquidity risk management practices in the banking sector.

These changes will be applicable to all Commercial Banks, excluding:

• Payments Banks
• Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)
• Local Area Banks (LABs)

To ensure a smooth transition, the revised guidelines will come into effect from April 1, 2026.

Key Amendment – 2.5% Additional Run-off Factor for IMB-Enabled Deposits

RBI has introduced a 2.5% additional run-off factor for retail deposits enabled with internet and mobile banking (IMB) facilities. This change impacts the calculation of LCR by revising the run-off percentages for such deposits:

• Stable Retail Deposits (with IMB):
  • Revised Run-off Factor: 7.5%
  • (Previously 5%)
• Less Stable Retail Deposits (with IMB):
  • Revised Run-off Factor: 12.5%
  • (Previously 10%)

Economy news

IMF Lowered India’s GDP Forecast to 6.2% for FY26; 6.3% for FY27

In April 2025, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), headquartered in Washington DC, USA, released its latest World Economic Outlook (WEO) titled “A Critical Juncture amid Policy Shifts.” The report revised India’s growth projections downward for the upcoming fiscal years due to evolving global and domestic economic conditions.

India-Specific Highlights:

• FY 2025-26 (FY26):
  • GDP Growth Forecast: Revised down by 30 basis points to 6.2% (from 6.5%).
  • Growth is supported primarily by private consumption, especially in rural areas.
• FY 2026-27 (FY27):
  • GDP Growth Forecast: Lowered to 6.3% (from 6.5%), citing trade tensions and global uncertainties.

Other Key Projections for India:

• Consumer Price Inflation:
  • Expected to decline to 4.2% in FY26, from 4.7% in FY25.
  • Further drop to 4.1% projected for FY27.
• Current Account Deficit (CAD):
  • Projected at 0.9% of GDP in FY26, rising to 1.4% in FY27.
• Unemployment Rate:
  • Anticipated to remain steady at 4.9%.
• The report acknowledges persistent risks from geopolitical tensions and trade disruptions, but highlights positive drivers like:
  • Rising employment levels
  • Improved access to credit
  • Moderating inflation

Global Economic Outlook:

• Global GDP Growth:
  • CY 2025: Projected at 2.8%
  • CY 2026: Projected at 3.0%
  • Both figures are down from 3.3% in the IMF’s January 2025 update.
  • This marks a combined 80 basis point downgrade and places global growth below the 2009–2019 average of 3.7%.
• Global Inflation:
  • Expected to decline gradually to:
    • 4.3% in CY25
    • 3.6% in CY26
  • Revisions indicate higher inflation for advanced economies, with slight downward adjustments for emerging markets.
• Emerging & Developing Economies:
  • Growth now projected at:
    • 3.7% in CY25
    • 3.9% in CY26

About the IMF:

• Managing Director: Kristalina Georgieva
• Headquarters: Washington DC, USA
• Established: 1944
• Member Nations: 191

Defence news

IAF with Mig-29 and Jaguar aircraft in UAE for Exercise Desert Flag-10

The Indian Air Force (IAF) has deployed a contingent of its MIG-29 and Jaguar fighter planes to participate in the 10th edition of Exercise Desert Flag, taking place at Al Dhafra Air Base in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The three-week multinational exercise is scheduled from April 21 to May 8, 2025.

Key Highlights of the Exercise:

• Location: Al Dhafra Air Base, UAE (the same base that provided refueling support for India’s first Rafale jets during their journey from France).
• Host Nation: The exercise is hosted by the UAE Air Force.
• Participating Countries: Twelve nations are participating in this edition, including:
  • United States
  • Australia
  • France
  • Germany
  • Saudi Arabia
  • South Korea
  • Bahrain
  • Turkey
  • Qatar
  • India
  • United Kingdom
  • UAE
• India’s Participation: This marks the third time India is participating in the exercise. The IAF previously took part in the 6th edition in 2021 (with Su-30MKI aircraft) and the 8th edition in 2023 (deploying LCA Tejas and C-17 Globemaster III aircraft).

Objective of the Exercise:

The Desert Flag exercise is modeled after the Red Flag series of exercises, designed to simulate realistic combat scenarios in a multinational environment. The key objectives of the exercise include:

• Enhancing the tactical, operational, and strategic capabilities of the participating air forces.
• Building cohesive fighting forces that can operate effectively together across diverse aircraft and military structures.
• Providing strategic training for collaborative operations among the air forces of multiple nations.

Bilateral Military Exercises between India and UAE:

In addition to Desert Flag, India and the UAE also conduct bilateral military exercises to further strengthen defense ties, including:

• Desert Eagle: An air exercise between the IAF and UAE Air Force.
  • First held in 2008 in the UAE.
  • The second edition was conducted in 2016.
• Gulf Star: A naval exercise between the Indian Navy and UAE Navy, which was first held in March 2018 off the coast of Abu Dhabi.

Award news

Goldman Environmental Prize 2025: ​7 Grassroots Environmental Activists Honored

On April 21, 2025, the Goldman Environmental Foundation, based in California, USA, announced the recipients of the 36th Goldman Environmental Prize (2025), widely recognized as the ‘Green Nobel Prize’. The award honors seven grassroots environmental activists for their exceptional contributions to environmental protection across the six inhabited continents.

The prestigious ceremony took place in San Francisco, California, celebrating the transformative impact of grassroots leadership in the global fight for environmental sustainability.

Key Highlights:

• Seven Recipients: The 2025 Goldman Environmental Prize was awarded to seven activists representing six geographical regions, each recognized for their environmental efforts at the grassroots level.
• Batmunkh Luvsandash: A former electrical engineer from Mongolia, Batmunkh Luvsandash was honored with the 2025 Goldman Environmental Prize for Asia for his exceptional environmental activism.

About the Goldman Environmental Foundation:

• President: Susan R. Gelman
• Headquarters: California, USA
• Established: 1989

Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA) Achieves Prestigious ACA Level-5 Carbon Accreditation

In April 2025, Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Limited (RGIA), located in Hyderabad, Telangana and operated by GMR Hyderabad International Airport Ltd. (GHIAL), proudly announced that it has been awarded Level-5 Accreditation under the Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) programme by Airports Council International (ACI).

This achievement places RGIA among the top four airports in the ACI Asia-Pacific & Middle East region to receive Level-5, the highest level of carbon management certification under the ACA framework.

Key Points:

• ACA Programme Overview: The ACA programme is the industry benchmark for evaluating airports’ efforts in managing and reducing carbon emissions.
• Levels of ACA Accreditation: The ACA programme comprises seven levels, ranging from Level-1 (Mapping) to Level-5 (Excellence in Carbon Management). Level-5 represents the highest certification, recognizing airports that have demonstrated the most advanced practices in carbon reduction.

Appointment news

Captain (Retd.) Jagmohan Appointed as Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL)

In April 2025, the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) approved the appointment of Captain (Retd.) Jagmohan as the new Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL), a premier Defence Public Sector Undertaking (DPSU) under the Ministry of Defence (MoD), located in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

Captain Jagmohan assumed charge as the CMD of MDL on 21 April 2025, with his tenure extending up to his superannuation on 30 September 2029, or until further orders, whichever is earlier. He succeeds Biju George, who had been holding the additional charge as CMD since March 2025, following the retirement of Sanjeev Singhal in February 2025.

Klaus Schwab Steps Down as WEF Chairman; Peter Brabeck Appointed Interim Chairman

In April 2025, Klaus Schwab, the founder of the World Economic Forum (WEF) based in Geneva, Switzerland, announced his immediate resignation as Chairman and member of the Board of Trustees.

Following Schwab’s resignation, the WEF’s Board of Trustees convened an extraordinary meeting and, in a unanimous decision, appointed Peter Brabeck-Letmathe as the interim Chairman.

Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, an Austrian businessman and former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Nestlé S.A., has been associated with the WEF as the Vice Chairman of the Foundation Board.

Science and tech news

India Celebrates 50 Years of Aryabhata – The First Indian Satellite

In April 2025, India celebrated the Golden Jubilee of its first satellite, Aryabhata, marking 50 years since its launch on April 19, 1975. This milestone honors India’s entry into space exploration and highlights the significant advancements achieved by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) over the past five decades.

The satellite was launched aboard a Kosmos-3M rocket from Kapustin Yar, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia, with assistance from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

Key Details of Aryabhata Satellite:

• Developed by: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), under the leadership of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the founder of India’s space program, and Prof. U.R. Rao, the then Project Director.
• Weight: 360 kilograms (kg)
• Design: 26-sided polyhedron with a diameter of 1.4 meters (m)
• Power Source: 24 solar-panel-covered faces, generating 46 watts (W) of electricity
• Purpose: To conduct experiments in Solar Physics, Aeronomy, and X-ray Astronomy

Significance of the Mission:

1. India’s Entry into Space: Aryabhata made India the 11th country to launch a satellite into orbit.
2. Legacy of the Mission: Despite a power failure after five days, Aryabhata transmitted crucial data, which contributed to the development of future satellites.
3. End of Mission: Aryabhata re-entered Earth’s atmosphere and burned up on February 11, 1992, after nearly 17 years in orbit.

Naming of Aryabhata:

The satellite was named after the ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata. The name was chosen by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi from a list of three options: Aryabhata, Mitra, and Jawahar.

Legacy and Impact:

• Aryabhata laid the foundation for India’s advancements in satellite technology.
• Since 1975, ISRO has developed 131 satellites, with 55 currently operational in orbit.
• The mission inspired future programs such as Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan, establishing India’s position as a key player in global space exploration.

About Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO):

• Chairman: Dr. V. Narayanan
• Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka
• Established: 1969

ISRO Develops Indigenous Stellite Nozzle Divergent for PSLV, Cuts 90% Import Cost

In April 2025, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully developed and tested an indigenously made nozzle divergent using Stellite alloy for the fourth stage (PS4) of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV).

This achievement aligns with the Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India) initiative and marks a significant milestone in reducing India’s dependence on foreign suppliers. The new nozzle divergent replaces the previously imported Columbium (C103) material used in the PS4 engine with Stellite (KC20WN), a cobalt-based alloy that contains Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Tungsten (W), and Iron (Fe).

Key Details of the Development:

• Material Replacement: Stellite (KC20WN) alloy replaces Columbium (C103), offering a cost-effective alternative.
• Temperature Resistance: Tests confirmed that the Stellite-fabricated nozzle divergent can maintain structural integrity at elevated temperatures up to 1150°C.
• Hot Test Success: The final hot test of the nozzle divergent was successfully conducted for 665 seconds on April 8, 2025 at the ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC) in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu. This test followed three earlier qualification tests.

Benefits of the Development:

1. Cost Reduction: The new nozzle divergent saves 90% of the expenses previously spent on importing Columbium.
2. Self-Reliance: Strengthens India’s capability in manufacturing space hardware, contributing to the nation’s technological self-sufficiency.
3. Strategic Independence: Reduces dependency on foreign suppliers, enhancing India’s strategic autonomy in space technology.

Sports news

Armand Duplantis & Simon Biles wins 2025 Laureus World Sports Awards

On 21st April 2025, the prestigious Laureus World Sports Awards ceremony took place in Madrid, Spain, where Armand Duplantis and Simone Biles were honored with the World Sportsman and World Sportswoman of the Year awards, respectively. These awards are among the most esteemed accolades in global sports, celebrating exceptional achievements in the athletic world.

Laureus World Sportsman of the Year: Armand Duplantis

• Armand Duplantis, the Swedish pole vaulter, was awarded the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year award.
• This was Duplantis’ third nomination for the prestigious title. He was presented the award by Novak Djokovic, the 2024 winner of the award.
• Duplantis made history as the first athlete to win back-to-back Olympic gold medals in pole vaulting. He secured his gold at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and again at the 2024 Paris Olympics.

Laureus World Sportswoman of the Year: Simone Biles

• Simone Biles, the American artistic gymnast, received her fourth Laureus World Sportswoman of the Year award.
• Biles is widely regarded as one of the most decorated gymnasts in history, with a record-breaking tally of 11 Olympic medals and 30 World Championship medals.

About the Laureus World Sports Awards

• The Laureus World Sports Awards were established in 2000 by the Laureus Sport for Good Foundation, a charitable institution headquartered in London, UK.
• Athletes across seven categories—Sportsman, Sportswoman, Team, Breakthrough, Comeback, Action, and Sport for Good—are shortlisted by votes from over 1,000 sports media representatives from more than 70 countries.
• Nominees in the Disability category are selected by the International Paralympic Committee.
• The final winners are determined by the Laureus World Sports Academy, which consists of eminent sports figures.
• The Academy also selects recipients of the Lifetime Achievement and Iconic awards.

ISSF World Cup Lima 2025: India Secures Third Place with 7 Medals

The International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) Rifle/Pistol and Shotgun (RPSH) World Cup 2025 was held in Lima, Peru, from April 13 to 22, 2025, with around 400 shooters from 43 countries participating.

India finished in third place on the medal tally with 7 medals: 2 gold, 4 silver, and 1 bronze, trailing behind China (13 medals) and the United States of America (USA) (7 medals). This was the second World Cup of the 2025 ISSF season, following the first event in Buenos Aires, Argentina (April 1-10, 2025), where India secured 8 medals (4 gold, 2 silver, 2 bronze), finishing second behind China.

Key Highlights from ISSF World Cup Lima 2025:

• India’s Contingent: India sent a 42-member contingent, the second-largest team after China’s 46-member team.
• Suruchi Singh: Won the gold medal in Women’s 10m air pistol, defeating Manu Bhaker, a double Olympic medalist.
• 10m Air Pistol Mixed Team: Suruchi Inder Singh and Saurabh Chaudhary clinched the gold medal, defeating Hu Kai and Yao Qianxun of China.

Qualification for ISSF World Cup Final (WCF) 2025:

• Gold Medalists: The gold medalists from the Lima event have qualified for the ISSF World Cup Final (WCF) 2025, which will be held in Doha, Qatar, from December 4 to 9, 2025.

6th Asian U18 Athletics Championships 2025: India’s Historic Performance

The 6th Asian U18 Athletics Championships 2025 took place from April 15 to 18 at the Prince Naif Bin Abdulaziz Sports City in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. This biennial event, organized by the Asian Athletics Association (AAA), brought together young athletes aged 15 to 17 from across Asia.

India concluded the championships with a total of 11 medals (1 Gold, 5 Silver, and 5 Bronze), securing the 8th position in the overall medal standings. China topped the medal tally with 36 medals, followed by Uzbekistan with 12 medals.

Key Highlights:

• Qatar finished in 4th place with 6 medals (2 Gold, 3 Silver, 1 Bronze).
• Saudi Arabia, the host nation, ranked 5th with 5 medals (2 Gold, 1 Silver, 2 Bronze).
• Himanshu Jakhar made history by winning India’s first-ever gold in the boys’ javelin throw at the Asian U18 Athletics Championships. He threw a distance of 67.57 meters, surpassing Lu Hao from China (63.45m) and Ruslan Sadullaev from Uzbekistan (61.96m).

This gold medal victory by Himanshu Jakhar marked a significant achievement in India’s athletic history, being the first time India won a gold at the Asian U18 Athletics Championships.

Sourav Kothari Wins IBSF World Billiards Championship 2025

In April 2025, Indian cueist Sourav Kothari clinched the prestigious IBSF World Billiards Championship title, defeating Pankaj Advani, a multiple-time world champion, in the final. The match was held at the Snooker and Billiards Ireland (SBI) Academy in Carlow, Ireland.

• Sourav Kothari triumphed with a score of 725 points, surpassing Pankaj Advani’s 480 points.
• A key highlight of the match was Kothari’s remarkable break of 325 points, which stood out as the match’s best performance, showcasing his exceptional cue control and focus. He also scored impressive breaks of 119 and 112 points.

Significance of the Victory:

• This victory marked Sourav Kothari’s first IBSF World Billiards title in the timed format, making him the third Indian to win both the IBSF and World Billiards League (WBL) World titles.
• His achievement was also historically significant, as it came 35 years after his father, Manoj Kothari, won the IBSF title in 1990.

Other Notable Performances:

• Dhruv Sitwala (India) and David Causier (England) shared the bronze medals, with Sitwala continuing his consistent performances on the international stage.

Jasprit Bumrah & Smriti Mandhana named Wisden’s Leading Cricketers

The 2025 edition of the Wisden Cricketers’ Almanack has named the world’s leading cricketers, recognizing outstanding performances in the year 2024 across different formats of the game. Below are the key highlights of the recognition:

Leading Men’s Cricketer: Jasprit Bumrah

• Jasprit Bumrah has been named the Leading Men’s Cricketer in the World for 2025.
• His incredible performance in 2024 earned him the Sir Garfield Sobers Award for ICC Men’s Cricketer of the Year and the ICC Men’s Test Cricketer of the Year Award.
• Performance Highlights:
  • Claimed 71 Test wickets at an average of under 15 runs.
  • Became the first bowler in cricket history to take 200 Test wickets with an average under 20 runs.
  • Played a pivotal role in leading the Indian bowling attack to victory in the ICC T20 World Championship held in West Indies and USA in June 2024.

Leading Women’s Cricketer: Smriti Mandhana

• Smriti Mandhana was recognized as the Leading Women’s Cricketer in the World for 2025, continuing her remarkable performances.
• She was also named the Leading Women’s Cricketer in the World in 2018.
• Performance Highlights:
  • Scored a total of 1659 runs across all formats of the game in 2024.
  • Became the leading run-scorer in women’s cricket, including four centuries in ODIs—a record for women’s cricket.
  • Her exceptional ODI performance earned her the ICC Women’s ODI Cricketer of the Year award.

Leading T20 Player: Nicholas Pooran

• Nicholas Pooran, the West Indian wicketkeeper-batsman, was named the Leading T20 Player in the World for 2025.

Five Wisden Cricketers of the Year

Each year, Wisden selects five cricketers for their performances during the English domestic season, with the award given only once to a player. The five selected for 2025 are:

• Gus Atkinson
• Jamie Smith
• Dan Worral
• Liam Dawson
• Sophie Ecclestone

Wisden Trophy for the Year’s Outstanding Performance: Mitchell Santner

• Mitchell Santner of New Zealand received the Wisden Trophy for the Year’s Outstanding Performance for his match-winning 13-wicket haul against India in the Pune Test in 2024.
  • This performance helped New Zealand take a 2-0 lead in the series, ultimately winning the Test series 3-0—India’s first Test series defeat at home since December 2012.

Books and author

Himachal Pradesh CM Releases Book ‘Mere Achhe Din’ on Statehood Day

In April 2025, Thakur Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu, the Chief Minister (CM) of Himachal Pradesh (HP), released the book “Mere Achhe Din” during the state-level Himachal Day celebrations at Pangi, HP.

• The book was authored by Hari Singh Rana, a 90-year-old veteran social worker, and former Pradhan (Head) of Killar Gram Panchayat (1979–1984).
• During the event, Hari Singh Rana, wearing the traditional Pangi white cap, also submitted a memorandum outlining various developmental demands for the region. These included infrastructure and tribal welfare initiatives aimed at improving the area.

About the Book:

• “Mere Achhe Din” chronicles the developmental journey of Himachal Pradesh since its formation in 1971.
• The book, published by the Himachal Pradesh Department of Information & Public Relations, highlights key achievements of the state, including progress in infrastructure, education, and tourism.

State news

Maharashtra launches Pink E Rickshaw Scheme with Kinetic Green

The Pink E-Rickshaw Scheme was officially launched by Ajit Pawar, the Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra, on April 21, 2025, in Pune. This initiative aims to empower women and make them financially independent by providing them with electric three-wheelers, creating opportunities for women in rural and urban areas.

Key Features of the Scheme:

• Administering Body: The scheme is being administered by the Women & Child Development Department of Maharashtra.
• Partner: The scheme is partnered with Kinetic Green Energy, which will supply the electric three-wheelers to the beneficiaries.

Targeted Districts:

The scheme will be implemented in eight districts of Maharashtra:

1. Nagpur
2. Ahmednagar
3. Solapur
4. Kolhapur
5. Amravati
6. Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar
7. Pune
8. Nashik

Beneficiaries:

• Primary Beneficiaries: Women aged 20 to 50, especially those who are widows, divorcees, and from economically weaker backgrounds.

Financial Assistance and Subsidy:

• The Maharashtra government will provide a 20% subsidy on each e-rickshaw.
• Beneficiaries are required to make a 10% down payment (cash) of the e-rickshaw’s cost.
• Banks will offer low-interest loans to the beneficiaries to cover the remaining amount.

Training and Support:

• Kinetic Green will provide a five-year warranty for the e-rickshaw.
• The company will train women beneficiaries in driving and assist them in obtaining a driving license.

Infrastructure Support:

• Kinetic Green will set up 1500 charging stations across the eight districts to support the operation of these e-rickshaws.

Karnataka to Become First State to Complete Village-Level Survey of Antiquities

In April 2025, Karnataka is set to make history by becoming the first state in India to complete a village-level survey documenting its antiquities. This ambitious initiative, spearheaded by the Department of Archaeology, Museums and Heritage (DAMH), aims to create a comprehensive inventory of historical monuments, inscriptions, and sculptures, focusing on better conservation and preservation of Karnataka’s rich heritage.

Key Highlights:

1. Survey Scope:
   • The initiative includes recording inscriptions, sculptures, and monuments, with each item being geo-tagged to ensure accurate mapping of locations across the state’s villages.
2. Progress:
   • As of April 2025, documentation has been completed in 119 taluks (administrative divisions) across Karnataka, with plans to cover the remaining areas by the end of the Financial Year 2025–26 (FY26).
3. Monument Protection:
   • Karnataka currently safeguards over 800 state-protected monuments, alongside more than 600 monuments protected by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
   • The DAMH has proposed adding 110 more monuments to the state-protected list and is working to include an additional 1,000 monuments to ensure their long-term conservation.

Important days

UN English Language Day 2025 – April 23

The United Nations (UN) English Language Day is celebrated annually on April 23 to honor the English language and its pivotal role in fostering international communication.

This observance reflects the UN’s commitment to promoting multilingualism and cultural diversity across its global operations.

Background:

• Established in 2010 by the UN Department of Public Information (DPI), the day was part of a broader initiative to designate separate days for each of the UN’s six official languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. The goal is to encourage the equitable use and appreciation of linguistic diversity.
• April 23 was chosen for English Language Day as it coincides with the birth and death anniversary of William Shakespeare (1564–1616), the renowned English playwright and poet, further linking the day to the rich legacy of the English language in literature and culture.

The observance serves to celebrate the English language while recognizing its importance in global dialogue, diplomacy, and education.

MoHFW Observes Pan-India ‘Fire Safety Week’ from April 21-25, 2025

The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW) organized a nationwide Fire Safety Week from 21st to 25th April 2025 to raise awareness and preparedness for fire and electrical safety across healthcare facilities. This initiative was undertaken in collaboration with States, Union Territories (UTs), and Central Ministries and Departments.

Key Highlights:

• Nationwide Pledge Ceremony: On 22nd April 2025, Union Health Secretary Punya Salila Srivastava led a virtual nationwide pledge ceremony under the theme ‘Fire Safety in Health Facilities’ at Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi. Over 3,000 participants from both public and private healthcare institutions joined the event, which also included webinar sessions.

Initiatives:

1. Fire Safety Audits: All healthcare facilities (both public and private) were instructed to conduct fire and electrical safety audits using specific checklists provided by the MoHFW.
2. Capacity Building: The MoHFW emphasized training healthcare staff, conducting mock drills for fire preparedness, and enhancing evacuation protocols.
3. Awareness Campaigns: Various activities, including poster-making, quizzes, and demonstrations on fire safety equipment usage, were organized, especially in medical colleges and tertiary hospitals.
4. Collaboration with MyGov: The MoHFW collaborated with the MyGov platform under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) to launch an online fire safety pledge and quiz to further promote safety awareness.