Tag: current affairs

9th January 2025 current affairs
We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 9th January 2025 current affairs, curated from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs of 9th January 2025 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation

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National news

Kandla port soon to become hub of green hydrogen: Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal

Union Minister for Ports, Shipping, and Waterways Sarbananda Sonowal stated that the Deendayal Port in Kandla will become a mega terminal port and a key hub for green hydrogen once its cargo carrying capacity reaches 300 million metric tonnes.

Projects Launched
- Green Hydrogen Excellence Centre: The foundation stone for the Green Hydrogen Excellence Centre was laid at Deendayal Port. This will position the port as a significant player in the green hydrogen sector.
- Waste Recycling Plant: A waste recycling plant was inaugurated as part of the sustainability efforts at the port.
- New Kendriya Vidyalaya Building: The new building of the Kendriya Vidyalaya was also inaugurated, enhancing infrastructure at the port.
New Announced Projects
- Mega Terminal Port: A new mega terminal port worth Rs 27,000 crore will be constructed outside the bay at Kandla.
- Ship-Building Project: A ship-building project worth Rs 30,000 crore will also be developed at the port, expanding its maritime capabilities.
Total Investment
- A total investment of Rs 57,000 crore has been announced for these projects, indicating a significant expansion and modernization effort for Deendayal Port.
- These developments are expected to enhance the port’s capacity, contribute to sustainable energy (green hydrogen), and strengthen India’s maritime infrastructure.
Gujarat:
- Capital: Gandhinagar
- Chief minister: Bhupendra Patel
- Governor: Acharya Devvrat
Saving Lives on Highways: Cashless Treatment Plan Announced by Gadkari

Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways, Nitin Gadkari, announced a significant initiative to provide cashless treatment of up to ₹1.5 lakh for seven days for road accident survivors. The scheme is expected to be expanded across all states by March 2025. The minister also revealed new tech-based interventions for heavy vehicles to reduce road accidents and improve safety standards. Gadkari highlighted India’s rising road fatalities and proposed solutions to tackle the shortage of skilled drivers, along with updates on emission norms and vehicle safety standards.

Cashless Treatment Scheme for Road Accident Survivors
- Provides cashless treatment up to ₹1.5 lakh for seven days.
- Pilot initiative active in Assam, Chandigarh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Puducherry, and Haryana.
- Benefitted 6,840 people so far; nationwide expansion by March 2025.
- Aims to save 50,000 lives by ensuring treatment during the golden hour.
Tech-Based Safety Systems for Heavy Vehicles
- Audio Warning System: Alerts drowsy drivers.
- Electronic Stability Control: Stabilizes vehicles during steering issues.
- Automatic Emergency Braking: Activates brakes to prevent collisions.
Addressing Shortage of Skilled Drivers
- India has a deficit of 22 lakh skilled drivers.
- 30,000 deaths caused by unauthorized drivers annually.
- 1,250 new driving learning centres to be established with central government funding.
Reward for Good Samaritans: Reward for helping accident victims to be increased from ₹5,000.

Air Ambulance Facilities: Collaboration with the Civil Aviation Ministry to:
- Set up helipads at highway amenities.
- Equip hospitals for air ambulance use.
Emission Norms and Vehicle Safety Standards
- Bharat Stage 7 (BS7): Draft norms by 2025; consultations in mid-2025.
- E-Rickshaws: New standards for safety and longevity.
- Scrappage Policy: Introduction of a carbon credit-like system for vehicles.
Road Accident and Fatality Statistics
- 1.72 lakh fatalities in 2023, a 4.2% rise from 2022.
- 33,000 deaths caused by truck impacts; 30,000 by unauthorized drivers in 2022.
This initiative aims to reduce road fatalities through improved treatment, safety measures, and better driver training.

Prabowo Subianto to Be Republic Day Chief Guest in 2025

Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto has formally accepted New Delhi’s invitation to be the chief guest at India’s 2025 Republic Day parade. His visit marks a significant step in enhancing India-Indonesia relations, signaling the importance of the Act East Policy in Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s third term. The two countries are expected to bolster their strategic cooperation, defense ties, and economic engagement during this visit.

1. Historical Significance
- Indonesia’s First President Sukarno was the chief guest at India’s first Republic Day in 1950.
- Shared cultural ties spanning 2,000 years, including influences from Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam.
- Indonesian art and traditions are inspired by the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
2. Modern Strategic Ties
- Comprehensive Strategic Partnership established in 2018 during PM Modi’s Jakarta visit.
- Focus on maritime security and defense cooperation in the Indo-Pacific through the ‘Shared Vision on Maritime Cooperation’.
- 2025 visit to further strengthen defense relations and strategic ties.
3. Economic Relations
- Bilateral Trade (2023-24): USD 26.69 billion.
- India’s Imports from Indonesia: Coal, crude palm oil, minerals, rubber, hydrocarbons.
- India’s Exports to Indonesia: Refined petroleum, vehicles, telecom equipment, agricultural products, meat, steel.
- Over 30 Indian joint ventures operate in Indonesia.
4. Significance of the 2025 Visit
- Marks the first Republic Day guest of PM Modi’s third term.
- Highlights India’s focus on maritime cooperation and the Act East Policy.
- Expected to boost defense partnerships and attract new investment opportunities.
5. Cultural and Diplomatic Importance
- Indonesia is India’s largest trading partner within ASEAN.
- The visit builds on historical connections and enhances modern economic and strategic cooperation.
Indonesia:
- Capital: Jakarta
- Official language: Indonesian
- President: Prabowo Subianto
Indian Railways’ Capital Expenditure in FY25

Indian Railways has achieved a significant milestone in the fiscal year 2024-25 (FY25) by surpassing ₹2 lakh crore in capital expenditure (capex), accounting for 76% of its budgetary allocation.

Capital Expenditure (Capex) Achievement

Surpassed ₹2 lakh crore in capex by December 2024, achieving 76% of its FY25 budgetary allocation.

Includes:
- ₹1.91 lakh crore from Gross Budgetary Support (GBS).
- ₹824 crore from external resources.
- ₹8,733 crore from extra-budgetary resources.
Budgetary Allocation for FY25
- ₹2.65 lakh crore total allocation.
- ₹2.52 lakh crore allocated as GBS.
Focus on Infrastructure Development: Investment directed toward capacity augmentation, facility modernization, and safety enhancements.

Historical and Future Outlook:
- Reflects steady growth in capital investments over recent years.
- On track to meet or exceed the FY25 budgetary targets.
- Aims to enhance efficiency and service quality across Indian Railways.
International News

Indonesia’s Addition Strengthens BRICS Alliance

Indonesia has officially become a full member (11th) of the BRICS group of emerging economies. Brazil, holding the presidency of BRICS for 2025, announced this development, noting that Indonesia’s candidacy was endorsed by BRICS leaders at the Johannesburg summit in 2023. Indonesia’s membership aligns with the ongoing efforts to reform global governance institutions and deepen cooperation within the Global South, key priorities for Brazil’s BRICS presidency. This expansion marks a significant moment in the evolving dynamics of global economic power.

Indonesia’s Membership
- Officially becomes the 11th member of BRICS, enhancing the group’s presence in Southeast Asia.
- Membership aligns with BRICS priorities of reforming global governance and fostering Global South cooperation.
2. Endorsement at Johannesburg Summit (2023)
- BRICS leaders endorsed Indonesia’s candidacy during the summit.
- Reflects the group’s commitment to strengthening ties within the Global South.
3. Brazil’s Statement on Indonesia’s Inclusion: Brazil, holding the BRICS presidency for 2025, welcomed Indonesia, highlighting shared goals of global governance reform and enhanced cooperation.

4. Indonesia’s Role in BRICS
- Largest economy and most populous country in Southeast Asia.
- Shares common priorities with BRICS nations, such as reforming global governance systems.
5. BRICS Expansion Indonesia’s inclusion follows the group’s 2024 expansion, which added Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE.

6. BRICS Background and Milestones
- Formation (2006): Initiated after a meeting between Russia, India, and China in St. Petersburg.
- First Summit (2009): Held in Yekaterinburg, Russia.
- South Africa’s Inclusion (2010): Transitioned the group to BRICS.
Major Expansions:
- 2010: South Africa joined.
- 2024: Addition of Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE.
BRICS:
- Founders: Russia, China, India, Brazil
- Founded: 16 June 2009
- Formerly called: BRIC
Economy news

India’s Projected GDP Growth for FY 2024-25

The National Statistical Office (NSO) projects India’s real GDP growth for FY 2024-25 at 6.4%, a slowdown from the 8.2% growth recorded in FY 2023-24.

Comparison with RBI’s Forecast: This is below the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) forecast of 6.6% for the same period.

Sector-wise Performance
- Manufacturing & Services: The dip in GDP growth is attributed to weaker performance in the manufacturing and services sectors.
- Agriculture and Allied Sectors: These sectors are expected to see a rebound, with a growth projection of 3.8%, compared to 1.4% in FY 2023-24.
- Construction: The construction sector is projected to grow at a robust rate of 8.6%.
- Financial, Real Estate, and Professional Services: These sectors are forecasted to grow by 7.3%.
Gross Value Added (GVA)
- Real GVA Growth: The real GVA for FY 2024-25 is expected to grow by 6.4%, down from 7.2% in FY 2023-24.
- Nominal GVA Growth: Nominal GVA is projected to grow by 9.3%, slightly exceeding the 8.5% growth in FY 2023-24.
Budget Implications: The NSO’s first advance GDP estimates could influence key decisions in the upcoming Union Budget 2025-26, which will be presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on February 1, 2025.

Key Dates: The second advance GDP estimates for FY 2024-25, along with quarterly GDP estimates for Q3 2024-25 (October-December 2024), will be released on February 28, 2025.

Sectoral Outlook
- Agriculture: Expected to grow at 3.8% in FY 2024-25.
- Construction: Expected to grow at 8.6%.
- Financial, Real Estate, and Professional Services: Expected growth of 7.3%.
- Manufacturing and Services: Weaker performance anticipated, contributing to the overall slowdown in growth.
Fiscal Deficit Target on Track Despite Revised GDP Growth

Despite a downward revision in India’s GDP growth forecast for the fiscal year 2024-25, the government’s fiscal deficit target of 4.9% of GDP remains attainable. The National Statistics Office (NSO) has projected a nominal GDP growth of 9.7% for FY25, slightly below the earlier estimate of 10.5%. This adjustment is expected to have a minimal impact on the fiscal deficit, as the government plans to reduce capital expenditure to offset the lower GDP growth.

GDP Growth Revision

Revised Nominal GDP Growth:
- Adjusted to 9.7% for FY25, slightly below the earlier estimate of 10.5%.
- This revision reflects a more cautious economic outlook but is not expected to significantly affect fiscal deficit management.
Capital Expenditure Reduction: The government plans to reduce capital expenditure by ₹1–1.5 trillion from the budgeted ₹11.1 trillion to offset the lower GDP growth, aiming to maintain fiscal discipline.

Fiscal Deficit Target
- Fiscal Deficit Target for FY25: ₹16.13 trillion (4.9% of GDP), which is achievable despite the GDP growth adjustment.
- The fiscal deficit is expected to stay within the targeted range due to reduced capital expenditure and controlled revenue patterns.
Revenue Performance: As of November 2024, the central government utilized 52.5% of the fiscal deficit target (₹8.5 trillion), which is 6.6% lower than the same period in the previous year.

Tax Revenue Trends
- Net tax revenues: Reached 56% of the budgeted estimate for April–November FY25, slightly down from 62% in the same period last year.
- Income-tax collections: Increased by 24% year-on-year.
- Corporate tax collections: Decreased by 1% year-on-year.
This approach indicates that the government is proactively managing its fiscal position despite the revised growth forecast.

State news

Bhubaneswar to host the 18th Pravasi Bhartiya Divas Convention 2025

Bhubaneshwar the capital city of Odisha will host the 18th Pravasi Bhartiya Divas Convention from 8-10 January 2025. It is the first time that Bhubaneswar is hosting the biannual Pravasi Bhartiya Divas Convention.

As part of the Bharatiya Divas Convention, the Youth Pravasi Bharatiya Divas will be held in Bhubaneshwar on 8 January 2025.

Organizers
- Main Organizers: The Union Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) in association with the Odisha state government.
- Youth Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Organizers: The MEA, in partnership with the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports and the Odisha government.
Chief Guests
- Pravasi Bhartiya Divas: The Chief Guest will be Christine Carla Kangaloo, President of Trinidad & Tobago, who will address the convention virtually on 9 January 2025.
- Youth Pravasi Bharatiya Divas: The Chief Guest will be Dr. Dev Pragad, CEO of Newsweek, USA.
Inauguration & Valedictory Session
- Inauguration: The convention will be inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 9 January 2025. He will virtually flag off the Pravasi Bharatiya Express, a special tourist train for the Indian diaspora, departing from Nizamuddin Railway Station in Delhi.
- Valedictory Session: President Droupadi Murmu will address the valedictory session on 10 January 2025 and present the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award to 27 distinguished individuals for their contributions.
Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award: The Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award recognizes Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs), or organizations run by them for outstanding achievements both in India and abroad.

Theme of 18th Pravasi Bhartiya Divas: The theme for this year is “Diaspora’s Contribution to a Viksit Bharat”, emphasizing the role of the Indian diaspora in contributing to India’s development.

Significance of Pravasi Bhartiya Divas
- Historical Background: 9 January was chosen to commemorate the return of Mahatma Gandhi to India from South Africa aboard the S.S. Arabia in 1915.
- First Convention: The first Pravasi Bhartiya Divas was held in 2003 in New Delhi from 9-11 January. Since 2015, the convention has been held biannually.
Previous Convention: The 17th Pravasi Bhartiya Divas Convention took place in Indore, Madhya Pradesh from 8-10 January 2023.

Odisha:
- Chief minister: Mohan Charan Majhi
- Capital: Bhubaneswar
- Governor: Hari Babu Kambhampati
Shahid Madho Singh Haath Kharcha Scheme

On January 7, 2025, Odisha Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi inaugurated the Shahid Madho Singh Haath Kharcha Scheme at the Adivasi Mela in Bhubaneswar. This initiative aims to reduce dropout rates among Scheduled Tribe (ST) students by providing a one-time financial assistance of ₹5,000 to those enrolling in Class IX and Class XI. The scheme targets students from families with an annual income not exceeding ₹2,50,000.

Launch and Purpose
- Inaugurated: January 7, 2025, by Odisha Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi at the Adivasi Mela in Bhubaneswar.
- Aim: To reduce dropout rates among Scheduled Tribe (ST) students and provide financial support for continued education.
- Financial Assistance: A one-time grant of ₹5,000 for students enrolling in Class IX and Class XI.
- Target Group: ST students from families with an annual income not exceeding ₹2,50,000.
2. Objectives of the Scheme
- Promote educational continuity: Encourages tribal students to continue their education beyond the upper primary level, addressing high dropout rates.
- Financial Incentives: Provides an incentive to support students during critical educational transitions (Class IX and Class XI).
3. Eligibility Criteria
- Student Status: Must be from the Scheduled Tribes category and enrolled in government or government-aided schools.
- Family Income: The annual family income must not exceed ₹2,50,000.
- Disbursement: The ₹5,000 assistance will be credited directly to the student’s bank account.
Application Process: School Principals/Headmasters will recommend eligible students, who will apply through the Odisha State Scholarship Portal.

4. Historical Context: Madho Singh
- Background: Born around 1786 in Ghess, Bargarh district, Madho Singh was a zamindar who ruled 20 villages.
- Resistance Leader: He fought against British colonial rule, particularly after the mistreatment of his family.
- Role in 1857 Uprising: During the First War of Indian Independence (1857), he led tribal resistance against the British using guerrilla tactics and strategic warfare.
- Capture and Legacy: Captured and executed on December 31, 1858, his bravery remains a symbol of tribal courage and resilience.
Appointment news

Govt. Appoints V Narayanan as 11th Chairman ISRO & Secretary of DOS

The government of India has appointed a senior Indian Space Organisation (ISRO scientist V. Narayanan as the 11th chairman of ISRO and secretary of the Department of Space (DOS). He will succeed the current chairman S.Somanth and assume office on 14 January 2025.

The name of V. Narayanan was approved by the apex Appointments Committee of the Cabinet in a meeting held on 7 January 2025 in New Delhi. The meeting was chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and attended by the Union Minister for Home Affairs and of Cooperation, Amit Shah.

Tenure: Term: V. Narayanan has been appointed for a term of two years, effective from 14 January 2025, or until further orders.

About ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)
- Establishment: Founded on 15 August 1969 as India’s national space agency.
- Primary Objective: Conduct research in space science and develop space technologies for the socio-economic benefit of India.
- Headquarters: Located in Bengaluru, Karnataka.
Space Commission and Department of Space (DOS)
- Space Commission: Apex body for policy-making in the field of space science and technology.
- DOS: Implements policies made by the Space Commission through five institutions, including ISRO and others such as PRL, NARL, SCL, and NE-SAC.
Historical Context of ISRO Chairs
- Founder: Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the first Chairman and father of the Indian space programme.
- Longest-serving Chairman: Professor Satish Dhawan.
- Shortest Tenure: Prof. M.G.K. Menon served as Chairman for only 9 months.
ISRO’s Launch Site: ISRO’s rockets are launched from Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

Science and tech news

e-Shram Portal Expands to 22 Scheduled Languages

The e-Shram portal, designed to provide unorganised workers with seamless access to various government schemes, has been upgraded to support all 22 scheduled languages. This enhancement, launched by Union Minister of Labour and Employment Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, aims to make the portal more accessible to workers across India.

Multilingual Upgrade
- The e-Shram portal now supports all 22 scheduled languages in India, making it more accessible to unorganised workers across the country.
- Previous languages: English, Hindi, Kannada, and Marathi.
Bhashini project: The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology facilitated this expansion, enabling workers to access information and register in their native languages.

Increased Registrations
- The portal has gained significant traction with an average of 30,000 registrations per day by unorganised workers, reflecting growing trust and engagement.
- This indicates the platform’s importance in connecting workers to various welfare schemes.
Integration of Welfare Schemes

The e-Shram portal integrates 12 government schemes, including:
- One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC)
- Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS)
- Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS)
- National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS)
- Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
- This integration enables easier access to welfare benefits for unorganised workers.
Future Initiatives
- Mobile App: A dedicated e-Shram mobile app is planned for easier access.
- Single Common Application Form: Will simplify the registration process.
- Payment Gateway Integration: To make the process of availing benefits more seamless.
Extension of Outreach: Collaboration with Common Service Centres, bank correspondents, post offices, and MY Bharat volunteers to expand access to the portal.

This upgrade enhances the portal’s usability and furthers its role in providing social security to unorganised workers across India.

Historic Moon Artifact Donated to Frontiers of Flight Museum

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, also known as Non-Resident Indian (NRI) Day, is an annual event celebrated on January 9th in India to honour and engage with the Indian diaspora worldwide. This significant occasion aims to strengthen the bonds between India and its overseas citizens, leveraging their expertise and resources for the nation’s development.

Artifact Overview
- Artifact: A fragment of the original Wright Flyer fabric, flown at Kitty Hawk in 1903 by the Wright brothers, and later carried by Neil Armstrong during the Apollo 11 mission in 1969.
- Significance: This piece symbolizes the connection between early aviation pioneers and the historic achievements of space exploration.
Museum Display
- Unveiling Date: The artifact will be publicly displayed starting October 2, 2025.
- Location: Frontiers of Flight Museum, 6911 Lemmon Ave, Dallas, Texas.
- Complementary Exhibit: Alongside the fabric, an authentic Apollo 11 patch created by Texas Art Embroidery will be displayed, enriching the historical context.
Historical Significance of the Artifact

Composition: Small piece of fabric from the left wing of the Wright Flyer, the first powered airplane to achieve sustained flight in 1903.

Connection to Space: The fabric fragment was carried by Neil Armstrong during his Apollo 11 mission to the Moon in 1969, linking the Wright brothers’ aviation milestone to humanity’s first steps on the Moon.

Event Details

Legacy In-Flight Luncheon:
- Date: October 1, 2025.
- Speaker: Mark Armstrong, Neil Armstrong’s eldest son, will be the keynote speaker.
- Purpose: The event will honor past legacies and support the museum’s aerospace-STEM education programs, benefiting thousands of students annually.
- Tickets and Sponsorships: Available through Catharine Recht.
Significance of the Donation: This donation adds a remarkable piece to the museum’s aerospace collection, offering a tangible link between aviation history and space exploration. The journey of the fabric, from Kitty Hawk to the Moon, exemplifies the continuous spirit of innovation and human achievement in both fields.

Important days

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas 2025- Date, Theme, History and Highlights

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, also known as Non-Resident Indian (NRI) Day, is an annual event celebrated on January 9th in India to honour and engage with the Indian diaspora worldwide. This significant occasion aims to strengthen the bonds between India and its overseas citizens, leveraging their expertise and resources for the nation’s development.

Overview of Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD)
- Date of Celebration: Annually on January 9th to honor the Indian diaspora.
- Purpose: Strengthens the bond between India and its overseas citizens, leveraging their expertise and resources for the nation’s development.
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas 2025
- 18th PBD Convention: Held from January 8th to 10th, 2025, in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
- Focus: Encouraged deeper engagement with the diaspora, particularly the youth, and explored avenues for their participation in India’s growth.
Theme for Pravasi Bharatiya Divas 2025
- Theme: “Diaspora’s Contribution to a Viksit Bharat”
- The theme emphasized the significant contributions made by the Indian diaspora in India’s development and its role in achieving a developed India.
History of Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
- Inception: First celebrated in 2003.
- Objective: To make the Indian diaspora a partner in India’s development and to promote collaborations.
- Significance: Plays a vital role in strengthening relations between India and its overseas community.
Key Events and Discussions at PBD 2025

Youth Pravasi Bharatiya Divas: The convention began with a dedicated day for young diaspora members, focusing on their leadership potential and innovative ideas.

Plenary Sessions: A series of discussions on topics such as:
- “Beyond Borders: Diaspora Youth Leadership in a Globalized World”
- “Building Bridges, Breaking Barriers: Stories of Migrant Skills”
- “Green Connections: Diaspora’s Contributions to Sustainable Development”
- “Diaspora Divas: Celebrating Women’s Leadership and Influence – Nari Shakti”
- Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awards: Prestigious awards presented to distinguished diaspora members for their contributions to India and their host countries.
- Interactive Sessions: Facilitated networking and knowledge-sharing, encouraging dynamic exchanges of ideas.
Conclusion: Pravasi Bharatiya Divas 2025 served as an important platform for celebrating the role of the Indian diaspora in India’s development journey, while also exploring future collaborations and leadership opportunities for the youth.
January 17, 2025

10th, 11th , 12th and 13th January 2025 current affairs

National news

INROAD Project: Enhancing Natural Rubber Quality in India’s North-East

The INROAD (Indian Natural Rubber Operations for Assisted Development) project, with a ₹100 crore investment, aims to improve natural rubber quality in India’s North-East by focusing on skill development and infrastructure establishment in collaboration with tyre manufacturers.

Key Features:

Collaborative Initiative: Supported by Apollo, Ceat, JK, and MRF, and implemented by the Rubber Board of India.
Scope: Established 1,25,272 hectares of new rubber plantations across 94 districts in the North-East and West Bengal over four years.

Components:

Skill Development: Training rubber growers through digital platforms to improve rubber tapping and processing techniques.
Infrastructure Development: Model Smoke Houses and Processing and Grading Centres for high-quality rubber production.
Economic Empowerment: Focus on women’s involvement, exemplified by the Bhaishkhuli Pragatishil Mohila Samittee cooperative in Assam, with facilities for quality improvement and training.

Future Goals:
To enhance capacity building and develop sustainable models for rubber cultivation through continuous collaboration between the tyre industry and farmers.

Bharat Cleantech Platform Boosts India’s Green Goals

On January 11, 2025, Union Minister of Commerce & Industry, Shri Piyush Goyal, unveiled the Bharat Cleantech Manufacturing Platform at the Bharat Climate Forum 2025 in New Delhi. This initiative aims to enhance India’s cleantech value chains in sectors such as solar, wind, hydrogen, and battery storage, steering the nation towards its sustainability objectives.

Key Highlights:

Focus on Self-Reliance:
- Transition from subsidies and PLIs to innovation-driven growth.
- Emphasis on reducing dependency on government support.
Platform Objectives:
- Promote collaboration and co-innovation among Indian firms.
- Facilitate financing opportunities.
- Enable exchange of ideas, technologies, and resources to strengthen the cleantech industry.
Renewable Energy Achievements:
- 200 GW of clean energy capacity achieved, well ahead of the 2030 target.
- Ambition to reach 500 GW by 2030.
- World’s largest interconnected energy grid.
Gujarat’s Leadership in Solar Energy:
- Recognized for pioneering solar adoption through the “3S strategy” (Speed, Scale, and Skill).
- Transparency and fair competition have made solar energy affordable.

Future Outlook:
The Bharat Cleantech Manufacturing Platform is expected to enhance India’s role in global sustainability, fostering innovation, and accelerating the country’s renewable energy initiatives to meet and exceed its climate commitments.

India Sets New Record with 30 GW Green Energy in 2024

India achieved a record renewable energy capacity addition of 30 GW in 2024, according to data from the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE). This marks a 113% increase from 13.75 GW in 2023, highlighting the country’s accelerating shift toward clean energy. The milestone assumes great importance as India targets 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030. The exponential growth reflects India’s commitment to reducing its carbon footprint and building a sustainable future.

Key Achievements:

Record Addition: India added 30 GW of renewable energy capacity in 2024, a 113% increase from 13.75 GW in 2023.
Cumulative Capacity: Total renewable energy capacity reached approximately 218 GW.

Significance of the 2030 Target:

India aims to achieve 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030, requiring an average annual addition of 50 GW over the next six years.
The milestone underscores India’s dedication to reducing its carbon footprint and meeting climate commitments.

Government Initiatives:

The highest capacity addition in a fiscal year (18.48 GW) was recorded in 2023-24.
Significant growth since 2014, when renewable energy capacity stood at 35.84 GW.

Minister’s Remarks:

Pralhad Joshi, Minister of New & Renewable Energy, highlighted the rapid growth as a testament to India’s commitment to a sustainable future.

Collaboration for Green Energy:

BHEL and ONGC Partnership: Collaborative efforts to accelerate renewable energy projects, driving India’s transition to green energy.

Prime Minister Modi inaugurates Z-Morh Tunnel in Kashmir

On January 13, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Z-Morh Tunnel, located in the Gagangir area of Sonamarg, Ganderbal district, Kashmir. This tunnel is a vital component of the India-China Border Roads initiative, aiming to bolster road infrastructure in the northern and northeastern regions.

About the Z-Morh Tunnel (Sonamarg Tunnel)

Location and Features:

Altitude: 8,652 feet above mean sea level.
Length: 6.5 km two-lane tunnel.
Situated on the Srinagar-Leh National Highway, linking Gagangir to Sonmarg.
Named “Z-Morh” due to the Z-shaped stretch of road it bypasses.
Key Benefits:

Uninterrupted Connectivity: Provides year-round access to Sonmarg and Ladakh by bypassing avalanche-prone sections blocked by winter snowfall.
Reduced Commute Time: Cuts travel time between Gagangir and Sonmarg from over 2 hours to just 15 minutes.
Boosts tourism and facilitates regional development.
Construction Timeline:

Started: May 2015, under the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).
Completed: February 2024.
Cost: ₹2,400 crore.
Part of the Zoji La Tunnel Project:
Complements the 14-km U-shaped Zoji La Tunnel, aimed at providing year-round access between Srinagar and Ladakh.

Strategic Importance of the Z-Morh Tunnel

Defense Benefits:

Kargil Conflict Lessons: During the 1999 Kargil War, transporting supplies to forward bases was hampered due to road inaccessibility in winter.
Ensures uninterrupted connectivity for troop and supply movement in the Ladakh and Kargil sectors.
Overcoming Geographic Challenges:

Heavy snowfall often isolates Ladakh, making the region reliant on the Indian Air Force for supplies.
The tunnel ensures a dependable land route, strengthening India’s border infrastructure.
Boost to Border Security:
Once both the Z-Morh and Zoji La Tunnels are operational, they will significantly enhance India’s ability to respond swiftly to challenges in sensitive border regions.

UP Govt Teams Up with Google Cloud for AI Agri Network

The Uttar Pradesh government has partnered with Google Cloud (India) to launch the Uttar Pradesh Open Network for Agriculture (UPONA), a digital public infrastructure powered by Gemini AI and Beacon technology. This initiative aims to revolutionize agriculture in the state by providing farmers with comprehensive digital support.

Key Highlights

MoU Signing:
Signed between UP Chief Secretary Manoj Kumar Singh and Google Cloud (India) VP Anil Bhansali.
Objective:
Create a digital platform to empower farmers with advisory services, credit, modern tools, and market connectivity.
Technology:

Powered by Gemini AI and Beacon technology.
Weather stations across tehsils to provide real-time weather and microclimate data.
Benefits to Farmers:

Advisory services on farming practices.
Access to credit from financial institutions.
Mechanization support with modern equipment.
Market connectivity for better prices.
Real-time updates on weather, microclimates, and market trends.
Open and Decentralized Network:

Includes participation from service providers, financial institutions, and government agencies.
Entrepreneurs can develop customized solutions for farmers.
Significance:

First state-level AI initiative in agriculture in India.
Aligns with the government’s vision to double farmers’ income and promote digital empowerment.

Uttar Pradesh:

Capital: Lucknow (Executive Branch)
Chief minister: Yogi Adityanath
Governor: Anandiben Patel

Pravasi Bharatiya Express: A Gift to Indian Diaspora

On January 9, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagged off the Pravasi Bharatiya Express from Bhubaneswar, Odisha, to mark the 110th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi’s return to India from South Africa. This state-of-the-art tourist train, launched under the Pravasi Teerth Darshan Yojana (PTDY), aims to reconnect the Indian diaspora with India’s cultural and religious heritage.

Key Features

Launch Date: January 9, 2025.
Flagged Off By: PM Narendra Modi.
Purpose: Strengthen cultural and religious ties of the Indian diaspora with their ancestral homeland.
Organized By: Ministry of External Affairs and IRCTC.

Eligibility Criteria

Travelers:
- Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) aged 45-65 years.
- Priority for low-income PIOs who may not otherwise afford to visit India.

Government Support

Fully Sponsored Tour: All train tour expenses covered by the Indian government.
Return Airfare:
- Government covers 90% of the airfare from the PIO’s country of origin to India.
- PIOs contribute only 10% of the airfare.

India to Invest ₹50,000 Crore in National Waterways Over 5 Years

In a significant move to enhance the country’s inland water transport infrastructure, the Indian government has announced an investment of ₹50,000 crore over the next five years. This initiative aims to develop and improve national waterways, promoting sustainable and efficient transportation.

Focus Areas:

New Waterways and Green Shipping:
- 50% of the investment allocated for developing new waterways and promoting green shipping.
- Introduction of 1,000 green vessels to encourage eco-friendly transportation.
Expansion of Water Metro Projects:
- Inspired by Kochi Water Metro, plans to extend similar projects to 15 cities, including Guwahati.
- Focus on improving urban water transport connectivity.
Infrastructure Development:
- Construction of six floating steel jetties on River Godavari (National Waterway 4) at locations in Andhra Pradesh, including Gandipochamma Temple, Pochavaram, and Perantapalli village.

Strategic Importance:

Inland Waterways Development Council (IWDC), formed in 2023, fosters central-state collaboration to maximize inland water economic potential.
Historically underutilized waterways despite the 2016 National Waterways Act, which declared 111 waterways as national assets.
Renewed focus aims to boost cargo and passenger movement via waterways.

Viksit Bharat Young Leaders Dialogue 2025 Begins

The Viksit Bharat Young Leaders Dialogue 2025, organized by the Department of Youth Affairs under the leadership of Union Minister Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, began on January 10, 2025, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. The event, a reimagined version of the National Youth Festival, aims to celebrate youth leadership and engage young leaders from across India in thematic discussions, creative competitions, and cultural experiences. The dialogue seeks to empower the next generation of leaders to contribute to India’s vision of becoming a developed nation by 2047.

Key Highlights:

Participants:
- Over 3,000 participants selected from 30 lakh applicants across India.
Opening Session:
- Inaugurated with an orientation session.
- Address by Smt. Meeta Rajivlochan, Secretary (Youth Affairs), emphasizing the critical role of youth in India’s future.
Competitions and Thematic Presentations:
- Creative competitions on Viksit Bharat, including:
  - Painting, Story Writing, Music and Dance, Declamation, and Poetry.
- Aimed to inspire youth to express their visions for a developed India.
Viksit Bharat Exhibition:
- Showcased youth-focused initiatives by State and Central Ministries.
- Featured themes like Education, Skill Development, Entrepreneurship, and Culture.
- Youth representatives presented innovative projects.
Excursion to Pradhanmantri Sangrahalaya:
- Participants explored India’s leadership history and gained insights into its rich heritage.

Significance:
The event redefines the National Youth Festival, celebrating youth leadership and fostering innovation, creativity, and collaboration toward building a Viksit Bharat.

India Targets $100B Food & Beverage Exports: Piyush Goyal

India aims to achieve $100 billion in combined exports from the Food & Beverage (F&B), agriculture, and marine product industries within the next five years. Union Minister of Commerce & Industry, Shri Piyush Goyal, highlighted this potential during a keynote address at Indusfood 2025 in New Delhi. He emphasized the importance of industry growth at 14-15% annually to reach the target. The Minister praised the success of Indusfood 2025 and the role of APEDA and MPEDA in achieving India’s $50 billion exports last year.

Key Highlights from Indusfood 2025:

Event Success:
- Organized by APEDA and MPEDA, showcasing Indian products to global importers.
- Recognized as instrumental in achieving $50 billion exports last year.
FDI in F&B Sector:
- 100% Foreign Direct Investment allowed.
- Simplified work permits for foreign investors and workers.
Focus Areas:
- Innovation & Sustainability: Investment encouraged in packaging, hygiene, and high-value nutritional products.
- Organic Farming: Simplified certification processes to promote organic products.
Food Testing Infrastructure:
- Nationwide setup of food testing labs to ensure quality standards and traceability.
Global Promotion of Indian Products:
- Increased international demand for pre-packaged foods like millets, pickles, and spices.
- Emphasis on innovation and adherence to global standards.

International news

India and Mongolia Forge Mining Partnership

India is set to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Mongolia in the areas of geology and exploration, aiming to enhance resource security and diversify supply chains. This agreement follows India’s increasing reliance on imports to meet the rising demand for copper and coking coal, essential for power generation, construction, and steelmaking industries.

Key Features:

Scope of the MoU:
- Focus on geological studies and exploration activities.
- Collaboration between Indian and Mongolian entities in the mining sector.
Strategic Importance:
- Mongolia’s rich deposits of copper and coking coal offer India an opportunity to secure high-quality raw materials.
- Reduces reliance on traditional suppliers and mitigates geopolitical risks.
Supply Route Options:
- Preferred route via Vladivostok, Russia, despite longer distances, over the more direct route through China to ensure geopolitical security.

Implications for Indian Industry:

Diversification of Supply Sources:
- Ensures alternative sources for copper and coking coal, vital for industries like power, construction, and electric vehicles.
Enhanced Resource Security:
- Provides stable and secure access to critical raw materials, supporting industrial growth and sustainability.

Mongolia:

Capital: Ulaanbaatar
Official language: Mongolian
Currency: Mongolian Tugrik
President: Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh

IUCN Lists Western Ghats as Key Freshwater Biodiversity Hotspot

The Western Ghats in India has been identified as a key global hotspot for threatened freshwater species by the first multi-taxon global freshwater fauna assessment conducted by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This study highlights significant extinction risks faced by freshwater species worldwide.

Key Findings:

Threatened Freshwater Species:

25% of global freshwater species are at high risk of extinction.
23,496 freshwater species were assessed, including crustaceans, fishes, and odonates.
89 confirmed and 187 suspected extinctions recorded since 1500 AD.
Western Ghats Highlights:

Home to over 300 freshwater fish species, with one-third facing extinction.
Kerala has 74 out of 188 threatened species, making it a critical conservation area.
The Periyar River is a biodiversity hotspot requiring immediate conservation.

Global Hotspots Identified:

Regions with the highest concentrations of threatened freshwater species include:

Lake Victoria (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda)
Lake Titicaca (Bolivia and Peru)
Sri Lanka’s Wet Zone
India’s Western Ghats

Significance of the Western Ghats:

Recognized for its rich freshwater biodiversity, including two endemic fish families found in subterranean systems.
Habitat for the Humpbacked Mahseer, a critically endangered megafish weighing up to 60 kg.

Major Threats to Biodiversity:

Pollution
Dam construction
Over-extraction of water
Invasive species
Agricultural practices

Economy news

UN report: Indian economy to grow 6.6% in 2025, 6.7% in 2026

The United Nations released its World Economic Situation and Prospects 2025 report on 9 January 2025, providing predictions for global and regional economic growth. Here are the key highlights:

Indian Economy Growth Projections:

India’s economy is predicted to grow by 6.6% in 2025 and 6.7% in 2026.
The growth forecast reflects strong economic performance driven by various factors, including infrastructure development and sectoral growth.
Global Economic Growth:
The global economy is expected to grow by 2.8% in 2025.
South Asian Economic Growth:
Economic growth in the South Asian region is projected to remain strong due to India’s performance. The region is expected to grow by 5.7% in 2025 and 6% in 2026.
Growth in Indian Sectors:

Capital expenditure by the government on infrastructure is expected to have strong multiplier effects, supporting long-term growth.
Manufacturing and services sectors are anticipated to show strong growth.
Exports, particularly in pharmaceuticals and electronics, are expected to continue their robust performance.
A good monsoon in 2024 is expected to boost agricultural output in 2025.
Indian GDP Growth Estimates:

The National Statistical Office (NSO) has estimated a 6.4% GDP growth for India in the fiscal year 2024-25.
The growth rate for India was 7% in 2022-23 and 8.2% in 2023-24.

Summary:

The Indian economy is poised for continued strong growth, with a projected increase of 6.6% in 2025 and 6.7% in 2026, driven by government infrastructure initiatives, strong sectoral growth, and favorable agricultural conditions. The broader South Asian region is also expected to perform well, supported by India’s economic strength. Globally, the economy is expected to grow at a slower pace of 2.8% in 2025.

Appointment news

Lebanon Elects General Joseph Aoun as President After 2-Year Deadlock

On January 9, 2025, General Joseph Aoun was elected as Lebanon’s new president, ending a two-year political vacuum that began after the term of former President Michel Aoun concluded in October 2022.

Election Details

Outcome: General Aoun won 99 out of 128 votes in the second round of parliamentary voting, exceeding the required majority.
Significance: His election ended a prolonged period of political paralysis caused by divisions between Hezbollah and its opponents in parliament.

Lebanon:

Capital: Beirut
Currency: Lebanese pound
Official language: Arabic

Viksit Bharat Young Leaders Dialogue 2025 Begins

Key Highlights:

Participants:
- Over 3,000 participants selected from 30 lakh applicants across India.
Opening Session:
- Inaugurated with an orientation session.
- Address by Smt. Meeta Rajivlochan, Secretary (Youth Affairs), emphasizing the critical role of youth in India’s future.
Competitions and Thematic Presentations:
- Creative competitions on Viksit Bharat, including:
  - Painting, Story Writing, Music and Dance, Declamation, and Poetry.
- Aimed to inspire youth to express their visions for a developed India.
Viksit Bharat Exhibition:
- Showcased youth-focused initiatives by State and Central Ministries.
- Featured themes like Education, Skill Development, Entrepreneurship, and Culture.
- Youth representatives presented innovative projects.
Excursion to Pradhanmantri Sangrahalaya:
- Participants explored India’s leadership history and gained insights into its rich heritage.

Significance:
The event redefines the National Youth Festival, celebrating youth leadership and fostering innovation, creativity, and collaboration toward building a Viksit Bharat.

India Targets $100B Food & Beverage Exports: Piyush Goyal

Key Highlights from Indusfood 2025:

Event Success:
- Organized by APEDA and MPEDA, showcasing Indian products to global importers.
- Recognized as instrumental in achieving $50 billion exports last year.
FDI in F&B Sector:
- 100% Foreign Direct Investment allowed.
- Simplified work permits for foreign investors and workers.
Focus Areas:
- Innovation & Sustainability: Investment encouraged in packaging, hygiene, and high-value nutritional products.
- Organic Farming: Simplified certification processes to promote organic products.
Food Testing Infrastructure:
- Nationwide setup of food testing labs to ensure quality standards and traceability.
Global Promotion of Indian Products:
- Increased international demand for pre-packaged foods like millets, pickles, and spices.
- Emphasis on innovation and adherence to global standards.

International news

India and Mongolia Forge Mining Partnership

Key Features:

Scope of the MoU:
- Focus on geological studies and exploration activities.
- Collaboration between Indian and Mongolian entities in the mining sector.
Strategic Importance:
- Mongolia’s rich deposits of copper and coking coal offer India an opportunity to secure high-quality raw materials.
- Reduces reliance on traditional suppliers and mitigates geopolitical risks.
Supply Route Options:
- Preferred route via Vladivostok, Russia, despite longer distances, over the more direct route through China to ensure geopolitical security.

Implications for Indian Industry:

Diversification of Supply Sources:
- Ensures alternative sources for copper and coking coal, vital for industries like power, construction, and electric vehicles.
Enhanced Resource Security:
- Provides stable and secure access to critical raw materials, supporting industrial growth and sustainability.

Mongolia:

Capital: Ulaanbaatar
Official language: Mongolian
Currency: Mongolian Tugrik
President: Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh

Sri Lanka launch 1st certificate course in Hindi on World Hindi Day

Sri Lanka has launched the first certificate course in Hindi in the country to promote Hindi education in the country. The initiative was launched in Colombo,Sri Lanka on 10 January 2025 on the occasion of the World Hindi Day or Vishwa Hindi Diwas. The World Hindi Day has been observed every year on 10th January since 2006.
The certificate course was launched at the Bharat-Sri Lanka Hindi Sammelan held in Colombo on 10th January 2025 on the occasion of the World Hindi Day. The launch of the Hindi course in Sri Lanka was a part of the effort of the Ministry of External Affairs to promote Hindi language around the world.

Who is offering the Hindi Course in Sri Lanka?
• The certificate course in Hindi is being launched by the Open University of Sri Lanka in collaboration with the Swami Vivekananda Cultural Centre (SVCC), the cultural arm of the High Commission of India in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
• The course was launched by India’s High Commissioner to Sri Lanka,Santosh Jha and Dr.Madhura Seneviratne, Deputy Minister of Education and Higher Education of Sri Lanka.

About the World Hindi Day
• World Hindi Day or Vishwa Hindi Diwas has been observed on 10 January every year since 2006.
• The date was chosen to mark the anniversary of the first time Hindi was spoken in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 1949.
• The Indira Gandhi government in 1975 organised the first World Hindi Conference on 10th January at Nagpur, Maharashtra to promote Hindi language in the world.
• The World Hindi Conference has been held in various parts of the world and the 12th World Hindi Conference was held in Fiji in February 2023.
• During Dr Manmohan Singh government, the first World Hindi Day was observed in 2006.

Different from Hindi Diwas
• The World Hindi Day or the Vishwa Hindi Diwas is different from Hindi Diwas.
• Hindi Diwas is observed on 14th September every year to mark the adoption of Hindi language in devanagari script by the Constituent Assembly of India as the Official language of the country.
• First Hindi Diwas was observed by the government of India on 14th September 1953.
• Hindi is the largest spoken language in India and third most spoken language in the world after English and Mandarin Chinese.

Sri lanka:
• Capitals: Colombo, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
• Currency: Sri Lankan Rupee
• Official languages: Sinhala, Tamil
• President: Anura Kumara Dissanayake

PM Modi to Attend AI Action Summit in France
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is scheduled to attend the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Action Summit in Paris on February 10-11, 2025. This summit, hosted by French President Emmanuel Macron, aims to foster international dialogue on AI, bringing together global leaders to discuss innovation, regulation, and the future of AI technologies.
Summit Overview:
• Participants include heads of state, international organizations, CEOs, academics, NGOs, artists, and civil society members.
• Focus on five key themes:

Public Interest AI
The Future of Work
Innovation and Culture
Trust in AI
Global AI Governance
• Addresses critical issues such as misinformation and AI misuse.
• Agenda:
o February 10: Stakeholder sessions and formal dinner hosted by President Macron.
o February 11: Exclusive leaders’ session for heads of state.
India’s Role:
• France highlights India as a “very important country” with the potential to leverage AI for impactful societal outcomes.
• Collaboration focuses on tackling misinformation and ensuring ethical AI use.
• Reflects growing AI partnerships between India and France, reinforcing strategic ties.
France:
• Capital: Paris
• President: Emmanuel Macron
• Prime minister: François Bayrou
India Joins UN’s Big Data for Official Statistics Committee

India has joined the United Nations Committee of Experts on Big Data and Data Science for Official Statistics (UN-CEBD), marking a significant step in the country’s growing influence in global statistical frameworks. This membership demonstrates India’s commitment to leveraging Big Data and technology for evidence-based policymaking. The committee focuses on exploring how Big Data and data science can be utilized to improve official statistics and track sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Key Highlights

India’s Innovations in Big Data
• Satellite Imagery & IoT: Enhancing accuracy and modernizing traditional statistical processes.
• Machine Learning & AI: Reducing time lags and delivering real-time insights to support governance.

India’s Membership in UN-CEBD
• Marks India’s entry into a global platform focusing on using Big Data for official statistics and sustainable development goal (SDG) monitoring.
• Highlights India’s role in shaping international standards and practices for integrating advanced data science into governance.

India’s Contribution to UN-CEBD
• Representing Body: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI).
• Showcased Innovations:
o Data Innovation Lab: A government initiative exploring new data collection techniques.
o Alternate Data Sources: Integration of satellite imagery, IoT, and machine learning into statistical processes.
• India’s participation will influence global statistical modernization strategies.

Mo Farah to Lead 20th Mumbai Marathon as International Ambassador

The Tata Mumbai Marathon, scheduled for January 19, 2025, is set to celebrate its 20th edition with a record-breaking 60,000 participants. In a significant development, Sir Mo Farah, the renowned British long-distance runner, has been appointed as the International Event Ambassador. Farah’s involvement underscores the marathon’s growing global stature and its commitment to promoting health and fitness.

Event Ambassador:
Sir Mo Farah, the legendary British long-distance runner, has been appointed as the International Event Ambassador, highlighting the marathon’s global appeal.
Participation Categories:

Full Marathon
Half Marathon
10K Run
Wheelchair Race
Senior Citizens’ Run
Significance:

Promotes health and fitness.
Supports charitable causes, reflecting the values of perseverance and unity.

Mo Farah’s Legacy

Olympic Success:
- Four Gold Medals in 5,000m and 10,000m events (2012, 2016).
World Championships:
- Six Gold Medals (2013, 2015) in the same events.
Historic Feat:
- Achieved the ‘Quadruple-Double’, retaining 5,000m and 10,000m titles at both the Olympics and World Championships.
Marathon Victory:
- Winner of the 2018 Chicago Marathon, showcasing his versatility.

Farah’s achievements have cemented his legacy as one of the greatest male distance runners in history.

Justice B.N. Srikrishna to Lead Advisory Board of Equal and OneMoney

Retired Justice B.N. Srikrishna, a former Supreme Court judge and a leading authority on data protection, has been appointed as the Chairman of the newly formed Advisory Board for Equal and its strategic investee, OneMoney, an account aggregator platform.

This move reflects the government’s emphasis on data privacy and security, coinciding with the release of draft rules under the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act.

Advisory Board Composition

The Advisory Board includes eminent figures from diverse sectors:

Justice B.N. Srikrishna

Former Supreme Court Judge.
Chaired the Committee for drafting India’s Data Protection Framework.
Jagdish Capoor

Former Deputy Governor of RBI.
Expert in banking regulations.
Rakesh Mohan

Former Deputy Governor of RBI.
Renowned for contributions to economic policy and monetary strategy.
Anand Sinha

Former Deputy Governor of RBI.
Specialist in financial regulation and banking reforms.
J. Satyanarayana

Former Chairman of UIDAI.
Key architect of India’s digital infrastructure, including Aadhaar.
Ajay Prakash Sawhney

Former Secretary, Ministry of Electronics and IT.
Played a pivotal role in India’s digital transformation via UPI and DigiLocker.
P.H. Ravikumar

Founding CEO of NCDEX.
Experienced leader in financial services.
Anitha Ramachandran

Independent Director and HR expert.
Serves on various corporate boards.
Sunil Kulkarni
Fintech advisor with expertise in digital payments and banking solutions.

Role and Objectives of the Advisory Board

The Advisory Board will provide strategic guidance to Equal and OneMoney in the following areas:

Regulatory Compliance
Align operations with the DPDP Act and other emerging data protection laws.
Ethical Data Practices
Advocate for responsible and transparent handling of user data.
Governance Frameworks
Develop robust structures for data security and risk management.
Technological Innovation
Foster advancements in consent-driven, secure data-sharing solutions.

State news

PARTH Yojana: Preparing Youth for Recruitment in Security Services

The PARTH Yojana (Police Army Recruitment Training & Hunar) is an initiative launched in Madhya Pradesh to equip the state’s youth with skills for recruitment into the Indian Army, Police, and Para-Military forces.

Key Objectives

Provide pre-recruitment training for physical and written tests.
Instill patriotism, discipline, and mental agility.
Enhance personality development and physical fitness.

Training Details

Scope of Training:
- Physical Efficiency: Preparation for physical tests.
- Written Examinations: Focus on General Knowledge, Mathematics, and English.
- Personality Development: Grooming for confidence and effective communication.
Training Centers:
- Operated at divisional levels under District Sports and Youth Welfare Officers.
- Supported by rural youth coordinators and departmental employees.

Trainer Eligibility

Physical Training:
- Trainers must hold BPEd/BPE/NIS Diploma with state-level athletic experience.
Written Test & Personality Development:
- Engages subject experts from government/semi-government institutions.
Trainer selection and management handled by the Sports Trainer Welfare Committee.

Fee Structure

Self-financed model:
- Trainees pay a fixed monthly fee, as determined by the Sports Trainer Welfare Committee.

MPYP Portal (Madhya Pradesh Youth Portal)

The MPYP Portal serves as a comprehensive platform to connect youth with:

Skill Development Programs
Career Guidance
Employment Opportunities

It provides resources for talent development and career exploration.

Significance

The PARTH Yojana is a transformative step towards youth empowerment in Madhya Pradesh, fostering physical fitness, skill development, and patriotism, while addressing recruitment challenges in defense and law enforcement sectors.

Madhya Pradesh:

Capital: Bhopal (Executive Branch)
Governor: Mangubhai C. Patel
Chief minister: Mohan Yadav

PhonePe, ICICI Lombard Launch Maha Kumbh Mela Insurance

In preparation for the Maha Kumbh Mela scheduled from January 13 to February 26, 2025, in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, PhonePe has partnered with ICICI Lombard General Insurance to introduce a specialized insurance plan for millions of devotees. This initiative ensures affordable, comprehensive coverage for attendees, addressing potential risks during their spiritual journey.

Insurance Plan Highlights

Coverage Options

Train or Bus Travelers: ₹59 per traveler.
Domestic Flight Travelers: ₹99 per traveler.

Coverage Period

Valid from January 13 to February 26, 2025.

Coverage Inclusions

Health and Personal Safety:

Hospitalization: Up to ₹50,000.
Outpatient Department (OPD) Treatment: Up to ₹1,500.
Personal Accident Cover: Up to ₹1 lakh (includes death and permanent total disability).
Travel-Related Protection:

Trip Cancellation: Up to ₹5,000.
Repatriation of Remains: Up to ₹10,000.
Additional Benefits for Domestic Flight Travelers:

Loss of Checked-in Baggage: Up to ₹5,000.
Missed Connecting Flight: Up to ₹5,000.

Significance of the Initiative

Enhanced Safety and Security:
Provides a financial safety net for medical emergencies and travel disruptions.
Accessibility:
Affordable pricing ensures wide accessibility for attendees from all socioeconomic backgrounds.
Convenience:
Integrated into PhonePe’s platform for easy access and purchase.
Tailored for the Event:
Specific inclusions address risks commonly faced by travelers during large-scale gatherings.

Uttar Pradesh:

Capital: Lucknow (Executive Branch)
Chief minister: Yogi Adityanath
Governor: Anandiben Patel

Madhya Pradesh CM launches Swami Vivekananda Yuva Shakti MissionMadhya Pradesh CM launches Swami Vivekananda Yuva Shakti Mission

Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Mohan Yadav launched the Swami Vivekanand Yuva Shakti Mission on the occasion of the National Youth Yadav on 12 January 2025 in Bhopal. Every year 12 January is observed as National Youth Day since 1985 to mark the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekanand.

Chief Minister Mohan Yadav also inaugurated the world’s largest 3-D rangoli, depicting Swami Vivekananda at the Shaurya Smarak in Bhopal.

About Swami Vivekananda Yuva Shakti Mission

The Swami Vivekananda Yuva Shakti Mission has been launched by the state government keeping in mind Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s guiding principle of GYAN (Focusing on the Poor, Youth, Farmers, and Women) and inspired by the principles of Swami Vivekanand.
The Chief Minister also launched the Swami Vivekananda Yuva Shakti Mission Portal and theme song.

The Portal will give information related to the mission to the general public.

Aim of the Mission

The main aims of the mission are as follows;

The state government will try to provide employment to more than 70% of the youth by 2028.
All youth of the state are to complete education up to class 12th by 2030.
As part of employment generation efforts, vacant job positions of the past three years will be filled in a single year through the Public Service Commission.
Encourage the participation of the youth in social initiatives for the betterment of society.

World’s Largest 3-D Rangoli

Chief Minister Mohan Yadav also inaugurated the world’s largest 3-D rangoli, depicting Swami Vivekananda in the Shaurya Smarak, Bhopal.
The 18,000-square-foot artwork (225 x 80 feet) has been created by renowned rangoli artist Shikha Sharma Joshi and her team and it also features Prime Minister Modi and Chief Minister Yadav.
The Rangoli made of 4,000 kilograms of eco-friendly natural colours conveys the Swami Vivekananda Yuva Shakti Mission motto of Dialogue, Strength, and Prosperity(Samvad, Samarthya, Samriddhi).

Shikha Sharma Joshi is the ambassador of India’s cleanest city, Indore.

About the National Youth Day

Since 1985, every year 12th of January has been observed as the National Youth Festival in the country to mark the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekanand. Swami Vivekanand was born as Narendranath Datta in Kolkata on 12 January 1863.
A disciple of Ramkishna he founded the Ramakrishna Math at Belur near Kolkata. He is credited for introducing the Hindu philosophies of Yoga and Vedanta to the West.

National Youth Festival 2025

A National Youth Festival is organised coinciding with the National Youth Day celebration. The Festival is organised by the Union Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports in partnership with one of the States/Union Territories. The expenditure is shared between the Centre and the host State/Union Territory..

This year the National Youth Festival 2025 was held in a new format by the Union Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports 11-12 January 2025 in New Delhi under Viksit Bharat Young Leaders Dialogue.

It was inaugurated by Union Minister of Youth Affairs & Sports and Labour & Employment, Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya on 11 January 2025.

It was also addressed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 12 January in which 3,000 dynamic and motivated invited youth participated.

Telangana Government to set up 1000 MW solar plant through women SHG

The Telangana government has set a target to install an additional 1000 MW of solar power in the state through women self-help group (SHG) under its Indira Mahila Shakti Scheme. This was announced by the Telangana Deputy Chief Minister Bhatti Vikramarka while addressing the state District Collectors through video conferencing.

The Indira Mahila Shakti Scheme of the Telangana government was launched in March 2024 by the state Chief Minister A. Revanth Reddy. The scheme seeks to uplift and empower the women of the state by providing aid and skill training through women self help groups.
The Telangana government plans to integrate the solar power generation scheme with the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM) scheme.

About the PM -KUSUM Scheme

ThePradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM) scheme was launched by the government of India in March, 2019 with an objective to encourage the farmers to install solar power plants or other renewable energy plants on their agricultural fields to meet their power needs for running tube wells and other agricultural implements.
Farmers can set up solar power plants upto 2 MW on their own land or in partnership with other farmers /cooperatives etc .
The surplus power is purchased by a power distribution company from the farmer. The central government provides assistance in setting up the solar power plant.

About Self Help Group (SHG)

According to the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) a self help group is a small informal group of 10-20 individuals who come from the same social and economic background living in the same village or locality.
In the hilly areas ,tribal dominated regions,a minimum 5 members are required to form a SHGs.
Financing facilities are provided to these SHGs for income generating activities and social activities like building houses,marriage,education etc.

Telangana:

Capital: Hyderabad
Chief minister: Revanth Reddy
Governor: Jishnu Dev Varma

Award news

President Confers Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award at 18th PBD 2025

On 10 January 2025, the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awards were conferred by President Droupadi Murmu during the 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) Convention in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. This prestigious event, held from 8-10 January 2025, recognized the exceptional contributions of Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs), and institutions founded by them in various fields.

The awards have been instituted by the Government of India to honor outstanding individuals and organizations who have made significant contributions in India or abroad. The winners are selected by a Jury-cum-Awards Committee, headed by the Vice-President of India, with the Minister for External Affairs serving as the vice-chairman.

List of 2025 Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award Winners

Serial Number	Award Winner	Nationality	Profession
1	Prof. Ajay Rane	Australia	Community Service
2	Dr. Marialena Joan Fernandes	Austria	Education
3	Dr. Philomena Ann Mohini Harris	Barbados	Medical Science
4	Swami Sanyuktanand	Fiji	Community Service
5	Saraswati Vidya Niketan	Guyana	Community Service
6	Dr. Lekh Raj Juneja	Japan	Science & Technology
7	Dr. Prem Kumar	Kyrgyzstan	Medical Science
8	Soukthavy Chowdhury	Lao People Democratic Republic	Business
9	Krishna Savjani	Malawi	Business
10	Dr. Subramaniam K.V. Sathasivam	Malaysia	Politics
11	Dr. Sarita Boodhoo	Mauritius	Community Service
12	Abhaya Kumar	Moldova	Business
13	Dr. Ram Niwas @ Hla Tun	Myanmar	Education
14	Jaggannath Shekhar Asthana	Romania	Business
15	Hindustani Samaj	Russia	Community Service
16	Sudha Rani Gupta	Russia	Education
17	Dr. Syed Anwar Khursheed	Saudi Arabia	Medical Science
18	Atul Arvind Temurnikar	Singapore	Education
19	Robert Masih Nahar	Spain	Community Service
20	Dr. Kaushik Laxmidas Ramaiya	Tanzania	Medicine
21	Christine Carla Kangaloo	Trinidad & Tobago	Public Affairs
22	Ramakrishnan Sivaswamy Iyer	United Arab Emirates	Business
23	Bonthala Subbaiah Setty Ramesh Babu	Uganda	Community Service
24	Baroness Usha Kumari Prashar	United Kingdom	Politics
25	Dr. Sharad Lakhanpal	United States of America	Medicine
26	Dr. Sharmila Ford	United States of America	Community Services
27	Ravi Kumar S.	United States of America	Business

About the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD)

Since 2003, 9th January has been celebrated as Pravasi Divas to commemorate the return of Mahatma Gandhi to India from South Africa in 1915. The Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Convention is organized by the Ministry of External Affairs and is held biennially since 2015. The convention serves as a platform to connect with the global Indian diaspora, exchange ideas, and discuss issues impacting the Indian community worldwide.

The Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awards are an integral part of the convention, acknowledging individuals and organizations that have made remarkable contributions in their respective fields, showcasing the strength and success of the global Indian community.

Rank and report news

India’s Ranking in the Henley Passport Index 2025

India’s ranking in the Henley Passport Index 2025 has dropped to 85th, a decline from its 80th position in 2024, indicating reduced global mobility for Indian passport holders.

Key Highlights

Henley Passport Index Overview:

Published by Henley & Partners, a citizenship advisory firm.
Rankings based on data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA).
Covers 199 passports and 227 destinations, with data spanning 19 years.
Reflects global passport mobility and visa-free access.
India’s Ranking Trends:

2025 Rank: 85th.
2024 Rank: 80th.
Best Rank: 71st (2006).
Lowest Rank: 90th (2021).
India and Neighbor Rankings (2025):

China: 60th.
India: 85th.
Bhutan: 90th.
Sri Lanka: 96th.
Bangladesh: 100th.
Nepal: 101st.
Pakistan: 103rd.
Afghanistan: 106th.

Global Rankings (2025):

1st Place: Singapore (retained top spot for the second year).
2nd Place: Japan (top-ranked from 2018-2023).
3rd Place: Finland, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, South Korea (tie).
4th Place: Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Sweden, Norway (tie).
5th Place: New Zealand, Switzerland, Portugal, United Kingdom (tie).
6th Place: Australia, Greece (tie).
7th Place: Canada, Malta, Poland (tie).
8th Place: Czechia, Hungary (tie).
9th Place: Estonia, United States (tie).
10th Place: Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia, UAE (tie).

Notable Trends and Insights:

Global Mobility Insights:

Singapore remains the most powerful passport with the highest visa-free access.
Japan continues to lead in Asia but slipped to the second position.
US dropped significantly over the decade, from 2nd (2015) to 9th (2025).
Notable Climbers:
China: Rose from 94th (2015) to 60th (2025), gaining 40 visa-free destinations.
Top Fallers:
Venezuela, US, Vanuatu, UK, and Canada saw significant declines in rankings.

Important days

World Hindi Day 2025- Celebrating the Global Significance of Hindi

The World Hindi Day, popularly called the ‘Vishwa Hindi Diwas’, is celebrated on January 10 every year to promote Hindi as one of the most widely spoken languages around the world, along with English and Mandarin. World Hindi Day is an occasion that celebrates Hindi as a global language. Recognized as one of the most spoken languages in the world, Hindi is not merely a medium of communication but an emotion that binds millions of people. With a rich history and cultural significance, Hindi has evolved over the centuries, incorporating words from various languages and becoming more refined and understandable. From the media to contemporary writers, Hindi has established itself as a vital language of expression.

Significance of Hindi

One of the most spoken languages globally, alongside English and Mandarin.
A medium of communication and cultural connection that embodies deep emotions and history.
Evolved through centuries by incorporating words from various languages, making it accessible and refined.
Widely used in media, literature, and cultural expressions.

2025 Theme:

“A Global Voice of Unity and Cultural Pride”

Emphasizes Hindi’s role in fostering global unity and cultural exchange.

2024 Theme:

“Hindi: A Global Voice of Unity and Cultural Pride”

Focused on promoting Hindi in the digital era and fostering a sense of pride in its global presence.

Global Celebrations

The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) ensures celebrations of World Hindi Day in Indian embassies and cultural centers worldwide, which host:

Cultural Programs: Showcasing Hindi music, dance, and arts.
Language Workshops: Encouraging the learning and use of Hindi.
Seminars and Discussions: Exploring the importance of Hindi in international and linguistic exchanges.

Historical Perspective

Hindi as an Official Language

Adopted on September 14, 1949: The Constituent Assembly chose Hindi in the Devanagari script as an official language of India.
While Hindi holds official status, the Indian Constitution does not recognize any language as the national language. Hindi shares official status with 21 other languages under the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.

Role of Prominent Figures

Mahatma Gandhi advocated for Hindi as a unifying language for India.
Beohar Rajendra Simha, a key proponent of Hindi, campaigned for its adoption. His birthday inspired the celebration of Hindi Diwas, distinct from World Hindi Day, on September 14.

Rashtrabhasha Prachar Samiti, Wardha

Played a crucial role in promoting Hindi and advocating its adoption as an official language.

National Youth Day January 12^th

National Youth Day, also known as Rashtriya Yuva Diwas, is celebrated annually on January 12 to honor the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda. Recognized for his contributions to spiritual growth, national integration, and youth empowerment, Swamiji’s life and teachings remain an inspiration to India’s youth. The Government of India declared his birthday as National Youth Day in 1984 to encourage young people to follow his ideals and work towards a progressive, united, and self-reliant India.

History:

Declared By: Government of India in 1984.
First Celebration: January 12, 1985.
Aim: Encourage youth to embrace values like unity, spirituality, and service to humanity inspired by Swamiji’s philosophy.

Significance:

Unites Indian youth for nation-building and spreads awareness about youth rights and responsibilities.
Encourages fearlessness, strength, unity, and harmony.
Promotes holistic learning through workshops, cultural events, and seminars.
Focuses on community service, cleanliness drives, and social awareness programs.

About Swami Vivekananda:

Birth Name: Narendranath Datta (January 12, 1863).
Legacy:
- Introduced Vedanta and Yoga to the West.
- Delivered the iconic Chicago Speech (1893) representing Hinduism.
- Founded Ramakrishna Mission in 1897 at Belur Math, Kolkata.
Known For: Spiritual teachings, promoting religious harmony, and empowering youth.

150 Years of India Meteorological Department (IMD)

The India Meteorological Department (IMD), established in 1875, is one of the oldest scientific institutions in India dedicated to weather forecasting and disaster preparedness. As it marks its 150th anniversary on January 15, 2025, the IMD continues to play a pivotal role in tracking weather patterns, issuing cyclone warnings, monitoring earthquakes, and studying atmospheric changes.

Evolution of Meteorology in India

Ancient Roots: Early texts like the Upanishads (circa 3000 B.C.) explored cloud formation, rain cycles, and seasonal changes.
Modern Advances: Began in the 17th century with inventions like the thermometer, barometer, and gas laws.
First Observatory: Established in 1785 in Kolkata (Calcutta) for weather studies.

Foundation of IMD

Reason for Creation: Centralized weather data collection after devastating events like:
- The 1864 Calcutta cyclone (60,000 deaths).
- The 1866 Orissa famine (failed monsoons).
First Meteorological Reporter: Henry Francis Blanford.

Sports news

Neeraj Chopra named best javelin thrower of the year by US Magazine

Indian javelin thrower Neeraj Chopra, who clinched a gold medal at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, has been named the best javelin thrower of 2024 by the esteemed American magazine Track and Field News. The 27-year-old athlete had an outstanding year, competing in six international events, winning two and finishing as runner-up in four.

2024 Achievements of Neeraj Chopra

Olympics Performance:
Silver Medal at the 2024 Paris Summer Olympics, where he finished behind Arshad Nadeem of Pakistan, who won the gold medal.
Competition Highlights:

Doha Diamond League (May 2024): Neeraj finished second, behind Czechia’s Jakub Vadlejch.
Paavo Nurmi Games (June 2024): Neeraj won the gold medal in Finland.
National Federation Senior Athletics Competition (India): Neeraj won the gold.
Lausanne Diamond League (2024): Neeraj set a career-best throw of 89.49 meters and finished second behind Anderson Peters of Grenada.
Brussels Diamond League Final (September 2024): Neeraj again finished second behind Anderson Peters.

Ranking of Other Javelin Throwers

Anderson Peters (Grenada) was ranked second by the magazine in 2024.
Arshad Nadeem (Pakistan), the gold medalist at the 2024 Paris Olympics, was ranked 6th, as he only participated in two international events that year.

Science and tech news

Union Minister Sonowal Unveils National River Traffic & Navigation System

On January 11, 2025, Union Minister of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways, Sarbananda Sonowal, launched the National River Traffic and Navigation System (NRT&NS) during the second meeting of the Inland Waterways Development Council (IWDC) in Kaziranga, Assam. This initiative aims to enhance the safety and efficiency of inland waterway transportation across India.

Key Announcements and Initiatives:

National River Traffic and Navigation System (NRT&NS):
- Aimed at enhancing the safety and efficiency of India’s inland waterway transportation.
Investment Commitments:
- Over ₹50,000 crore allocated for developing infrastructure along national waterways over five years.
- Additional initiatives worth ₹1,400 crore planned across 21 Inland Waterway States.
Policy Initiative – Riverine Community Development Scheme:
- Focuses on improving the socio-economic well-being of coastal communities.
- Includes infrastructure development, promotion of trade and tourism, and skill enrichment training.
Infrastructure Development:
- Plans to establish shipbuilding and repair facilities on all National Waterways.
- Aims to reduce logistics costs, boost ancillary industries, and create jobs for riparian communities.

Performance Highlights:

Cargo Movement:
- Nearly 7% growth in cargo movement on National Waterways (April–November 2024) compared to the previous year.
Cruise Tourism:
- Increase in river cruise vessels from 3 (2013-14) to 25 (2023-24).
- Launch of Cruise Bharat Mission, targeting:
  - 10 sea cruise terminals.
  - 100 river cruise terminals.
  - 5 marinas in the next five years.

BMCRI to Set Up South India’s First Infectious Disease Research Lab

Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute (BMCRI) has been selected by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to establish South India’s first Infectious Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (IRDL). This initiative aims to enhance the diagnostic and research capabilities for infectious diseases in the region. The laboratory will focus on diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and parasites, facilitating faster diagnosis and improving healthcare outcomes. This project is part of a larger national effort to build specialized labs in medical colleges across India.

Objective:

Enhance diagnostic and research capabilities for infectious diseases in South India.
Facilitate faster diagnosis and improve healthcare outcomes.

Key Features:

Diagnostic Focus:
- Diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
- Faster, localized diagnostics eliminating the need to send samples to other states.
Research Focus Areas:
- Bacteriology: Study of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance.
- Mycology: Research on fungal infections.
- Parasitology: Study of tropical parasitic diseases.

Government Support:

Part of a national initiative to establish specialized labs in medical colleges.
Aims to build capacity for advanced diagnostics and treatment, improving overall healthcare delivery.

Earth Breaches 1.5°C Limit for the First Time in 2024

In a landmark event for climate change, 2024 became the first year in recorded history when the mean global temperature exceeded the critical 1.5°C threshold above pre-industrial levels, as reported by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). This breach marks a dangerous trajectory for global warming, bringing humanity closer to a point of no return. Climate experts warn that if this trend continues without drastic emission cuts, global temperatures could exceed the 2°C limit by 2050, with devastating consequences for ecosystems, economies, and human livelihoods.

Key Highlights:

Record-Breaking Global Temperatures:
- Annual global temperature average: 15.1°C, the warmest on record.
- 1.60°C higher than pre-industrial levels and 0.72°C above the 1991-2020 average.
- July 22, 2024: Hottest day recorded, with global temperature of 17.16°C.
- All months from January to June 2024 recorded as warmest in history.
Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Records:
- Annual average SST: 20.87°C, highest ever recorded.
- SSTs were at record highs for the first half of the year and second warmest from July to December.
Role of El Niño:
- El Niño began in June 2023, contributing to record temperatures in 2024.
- No La Niña cooling effect observed in 2024, exacerbating warming trends.
Impact on Developing Economies:
- Increased vulnerability to floods, droughts, and heatwaves.
- Limited progress in climate financing at COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan.
- Developing countries face pressure to allocate more resources for climate adaptation, hindering mitigation efforts.

Centennial Recognition for Srinagar Meteorology Centre

Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh announced the establishment of a Regional Meteorological Centre in Jammu during a landmark event commemorating the 150th anniversary of the India Meteorological Department (IMD). The announcement signifies a major step toward improving weather forecasting, disaster preparedness, and climate resilience in the Jammu & Kashmir region. The event also highlighted IMD’s remarkable journey from its establishment in 1875 to becoming a global leader in meteorological services, providing critical weather data for sectors like agriculture, aviation, defense, and disaster management. Dr. Singh emphasized India’s growing leadership in climate action, driven by advancements in meteorological infrastructure under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

IMD’s Journey and Achievements:

Founded: 1875, now a global leader in meteorological services.
Impact: Provides critical data for agriculture, aviation, defense, and disaster management.
Technological Growth: Forecast accuracy improved by over 40% since 2014.
Recognition: Srinagar Meteorology Centre is now a WMO Centennial Centre.

Technological Advancements:

Doubling of Automated Weather Stations (AWS) in Jammu & Kashmir over a decade.
Installation of X-band Radars in Jammu, Srinagar, Manihal, and Leh enhances predictions for events like the Amarnath Yatra and Vaishno Devi pilgrimage.

Mission Mausam:

Launched with a ₹2,000 crore budget for 2024–2026 under Modi 3.0.
Aims to make India “weather-ready and climate-smart.”
Focus on improving forecasting tools and outreach programs to position India as a global meteorological hub by 2047.

Collaborations:

Announced MoUs with institutions like the University of Jammu, SKUAST, and Islamic University of Science and Technology, Avantipura.
Goal: Advance research and innovation in meteorological sciences

Kumbhvani FM Channel Launched for Maha Kumbh 2025

On January 10, 2025, Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath inaugurated ‘Kumbhvani‘ (103.5 MHz), a dedicated FM channel by All India Radio, to enhance the Maha Kumbh 2025 experience. The event was attended by Union Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting, Dr. L. Murugan, who participated online.

Channel Overview:

Broadcast Period: January 10 to February 26, 2025
Frequency: FM 103.5 MHz
Operating Hours: 5:55 AM to 10:05 PM daily

Special Programming:

Live Broadcasts:
- Coverage of main bathing rituals on January 14, 29, and February 3.
- Daily updates from the Kumbh area.
Cultural Presentations:
- Serial Shiva Mahima.
- Programs showcasing Indian cultural heritage.
Talk Shows:
- Namaskar Prayagraj (9:00–10:00 AM).
- From the Bank of Sangam (4:00–5:30 PM).
Health Counseling:
- Hello Doctor program for live health consultations.

Defence news

DRDO’s HIMKAVACH: Advancing Cold Weather Military Apparel

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has unveiled the HIMKAVACH multi-layer clothing system, engineered to enhance the operational efficiency of military personnel in extreme cold conditions. This innovative apparel has successfully completed user trials, demonstrating its effectiveness in temperatures ranging from +20°C to -60°C.

Design and Features:

Multi-Layered Construction:
- Outer Layer: Water and wind-resistant yet breathable for protection and comfort.
- Inner Layers: Provide superior insulation by trapping body heat, ensuring warmth in sub-zero temperatures.
Performance: Designed to offer optimal insulation, moisture protection, and breathability for prolonged use in harsh environments.

User Trials and Feedback:

Conducted under actual operational conditions, replicating real-life military scenarios.
Soldiers reported high satisfaction with comfort and functionality.
Successfully met all operational standards for extreme cold-weather apparel.

Strategic Importance:

Himalayan Operations: HIMKAVACH is critical for military personnel stationed in the Himalayan region, where extreme weather poses significant challenges.
Operational Efficiency: Ensures soldier endurance and safety in harsh climates, boosting mission success.

DRDO:

Head: Dr. Samir V Kamat

Date founded: 1958

Headquarters: DRDO Bhavan, New Delhi, India

January 17, 2025

9th January 2025 current affairs
We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 9th January 2025 current affairs, curated from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs of 9th January 2025 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation

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National news

Kandla port soon to become hub of green hydrogen: Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal

Union Minister for Ports, Shipping, and Waterways Sarbananda Sonowal stated that the Deendayal Port in Kandla will become a mega terminal port and a key hub for green hydrogen once its cargo carrying capacity reaches 300 million metric tonnes.

Projects Launched
- Green Hydrogen Excellence Centre: The foundation stone for the Green Hydrogen Excellence Centre was laid at Deendayal Port. This will position the port as a significant player in the green hydrogen sector.
- Waste Recycling Plant: A waste recycling plant was inaugurated as part of the sustainability efforts at the port.
- New Kendriya Vidyalaya Building: The new building of the Kendriya Vidyalaya was also inaugurated, enhancing infrastructure at the port.
New Announced Projects
- Mega Terminal Port: A new mega terminal port worth Rs 27,000 crore will be constructed outside the bay at Kandla.
- Ship-Building Project: A ship-building project worth Rs 30,000 crore will also be developed at the port, expanding its maritime capabilities.
Total Investment
- A total investment of Rs 57,000 crore has been announced for these projects, indicating a significant expansion and modernization effort for Deendayal Port.
- These developments are expected to enhance the port’s capacity, contribute to sustainable energy (green hydrogen), and strengthen India’s maritime infrastructure.
Gujarat:
- Capital: Gandhinagar
- Chief minister: Bhupendra Patel
- Governor: Acharya Devvrat
Saving Lives on Highways: Cashless Treatment Plan Announced by Gadkari

Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways, Nitin Gadkari, announced a significant initiative to provide cashless treatment of up to ₹1.5 lakh for seven days for road accident survivors. The scheme is expected to be expanded across all states by March 2025. The minister also revealed new tech-based interventions for heavy vehicles to reduce road accidents and improve safety standards. Gadkari highlighted India’s rising road fatalities and proposed solutions to tackle the shortage of skilled drivers, along with updates on emission norms and vehicle safety standards.

Cashless Treatment Scheme for Road Accident Survivors
- Provides cashless treatment up to ₹1.5 lakh for seven days.
- Pilot initiative active in Assam, Chandigarh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Puducherry, and Haryana.
- Benefitted 6,840 people so far; nationwide expansion by March 2025.
- Aims to save 50,000 lives by ensuring treatment during the golden hour.
Tech-Based Safety Systems for Heavy Vehicles
- Audio Warning System: Alerts drowsy drivers.
- Electronic Stability Control: Stabilizes vehicles during steering issues.
- Automatic Emergency Braking: Activates brakes to prevent collisions.
Addressing Shortage of Skilled Drivers
- India has a deficit of 22 lakh skilled drivers.
- 30,000 deaths caused by unauthorized drivers annually.
- 1,250 new driving learning centres to be established with central government funding.
Reward for Good Samaritans: Reward for helping accident victims to be increased from ₹5,000.

Air Ambulance Facilities: Collaboration with the Civil Aviation Ministry to:
- Set up helipads at highway amenities.
- Equip hospitals for air ambulance use.
Emission Norms and Vehicle Safety Standards
- Bharat Stage 7 (BS7): Draft norms by 2025; consultations in mid-2025.
- E-Rickshaws: New standards for safety and longevity.
- Scrappage Policy: Introduction of a carbon credit-like system for vehicles.
Road Accident and Fatality Statistics
- 1.72 lakh fatalities in 2023, a 4.2% rise from 2022.
- 33,000 deaths caused by truck impacts; 30,000 by unauthorized drivers in 2022.
This initiative aims to reduce road fatalities through improved treatment, safety measures, and better driver training.

Prabowo Subianto to Be Republic Day Chief Guest in 2025

Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto has formally accepted New Delhi’s invitation to be the chief guest at India’s 2025 Republic Day parade. His visit marks a significant step in enhancing India-Indonesia relations, signaling the importance of the Act East Policy in Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s third term. The two countries are expected to bolster their strategic cooperation, defense ties, and economic engagement during this visit.

1. Historical Significance
- Indonesia’s First President Sukarno was the chief guest at India’s first Republic Day in 1950.
- Shared cultural ties spanning 2,000 years, including influences from Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam.
- Indonesian art and traditions are inspired by the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
2. Modern Strategic Ties
- Comprehensive Strategic Partnership established in 2018 during PM Modi’s Jakarta visit.
- Focus on maritime security and defense cooperation in the Indo-Pacific through the ‘Shared Vision on Maritime Cooperation’.
- 2025 visit to further strengthen defense relations and strategic ties.
3. Economic Relations
- Bilateral Trade (2023-24): USD 26.69 billion.
- India’s Imports from Indonesia: Coal, crude palm oil, minerals, rubber, hydrocarbons.
- India’s Exports to Indonesia: Refined petroleum, vehicles, telecom equipment, agricultural products, meat, steel.
- Over 30 Indian joint ventures operate in Indonesia.
4. Significance of the 2025 Visit
- Marks the first Republic Day guest of PM Modi’s third term.
- Highlights India’s focus on maritime cooperation and the Act East Policy.
- Expected to boost defense partnerships and attract new investment opportunities.
5. Cultural and Diplomatic Importance
- Indonesia is India’s largest trading partner within ASEAN.
- The visit builds on historical connections and enhances modern economic and strategic cooperation.
Indonesia:
- Capital: Jakarta
- Official language: Indonesian
- President: Prabowo Subianto
Indian Railways’ Capital Expenditure in FY25

Indian Railways has achieved a significant milestone in the fiscal year 2024-25 (FY25) by surpassing ₹2 lakh crore in capital expenditure (capex), accounting for 76% of its budgetary allocation.

Capital Expenditure (Capex) Achievement

Surpassed ₹2 lakh crore in capex by December 2024, achieving 76% of its FY25 budgetary allocation.

Includes:
- ₹1.91 lakh crore from Gross Budgetary Support (GBS).
- ₹824 crore from external resources.
- ₹8,733 crore from extra-budgetary resources.
Budgetary Allocation for FY25
- ₹2.65 lakh crore total allocation.
- ₹2.52 lakh crore allocated as GBS.
Focus on Infrastructure Development: Investment directed toward capacity augmentation, facility modernization, and safety enhancements.

Historical and Future Outlook:
- Reflects steady growth in capital investments over recent years.
- On track to meet or exceed the FY25 budgetary targets.
- Aims to enhance efficiency and service quality across Indian Railways.
International News

Indonesia’s Addition Strengthens BRICS Alliance

Indonesia has officially become a full member (11th) of the BRICS group of emerging economies. Brazil, holding the presidency of BRICS for 2025, announced this development, noting that Indonesia’s candidacy was endorsed by BRICS leaders at the Johannesburg summit in 2023. Indonesia’s membership aligns with the ongoing efforts to reform global governance institutions and deepen cooperation within the Global South, key priorities for Brazil’s BRICS presidency. This expansion marks a significant moment in the evolving dynamics of global economic power.

Indonesia’s Membership
- Officially becomes the 11th member of BRICS, enhancing the group’s presence in Southeast Asia.
- Membership aligns with BRICS priorities of reforming global governance and fostering Global South cooperation.
2. Endorsement at Johannesburg Summit (2023)
- BRICS leaders endorsed Indonesia’s candidacy during the summit.
- Reflects the group’s commitment to strengthening ties within the Global South.
3. Brazil’s Statement on Indonesia’s Inclusion: Brazil, holding the BRICS presidency for 2025, welcomed Indonesia, highlighting shared goals of global governance reform and enhanced cooperation.

4. Indonesia’s Role in BRICS
- Largest economy and most populous country in Southeast Asia.
- Shares common priorities with BRICS nations, such as reforming global governance systems.
5. BRICS Expansion Indonesia’s inclusion follows the group’s 2024 expansion, which added Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE.

6. BRICS Background and Milestones
- Formation (2006): Initiated after a meeting between Russia, India, and China in St. Petersburg.
- First Summit (2009): Held in Yekaterinburg, Russia.
- South Africa’s Inclusion (2010): Transitioned the group to BRICS.
Major Expansions:
- 2010: South Africa joined.
- 2024: Addition of Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE.
BRICS:
- Founders: Russia, China, India, Brazil
- Founded: 16 June 2009
- Formerly called: BRIC
Economy news

India’s Projected GDP Growth for FY 2024-25

The National Statistical Office (NSO) projects India’s real GDP growth for FY 2024-25 at 6.4%, a slowdown from the 8.2% growth recorded in FY 2023-24.

Comparison with RBI’s Forecast: This is below the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) forecast of 6.6% for the same period.

Sector-wise Performance
- Manufacturing & Services: The dip in GDP growth is attributed to weaker performance in the manufacturing and services sectors.
- Agriculture and Allied Sectors: These sectors are expected to see a rebound, with a growth projection of 3.8%, compared to 1.4% in FY 2023-24.
- Construction: The construction sector is projected to grow at a robust rate of 8.6%.
- Financial, Real Estate, and Professional Services: These sectors are forecasted to grow by 7.3%.
Gross Value Added (GVA)
- Real GVA Growth: The real GVA for FY 2024-25 is expected to grow by 6.4%, down from 7.2% in FY 2023-24.
- Nominal GVA Growth: Nominal GVA is projected to grow by 9.3%, slightly exceeding the 8.5% growth in FY 2023-24.
Budget Implications: The NSO’s first advance GDP estimates could influence key decisions in the upcoming Union Budget 2025-26, which will be presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on February 1, 2025.

Key Dates: The second advance GDP estimates for FY 2024-25, along with quarterly GDP estimates for Q3 2024-25 (October-December 2024), will be released on February 28, 2025.

Sectoral Outlook
- Agriculture: Expected to grow at 3.8% in FY 2024-25.
- Construction: Expected to grow at 8.6%.
- Financial, Real Estate, and Professional Services: Expected growth of 7.3%.
- Manufacturing and Services: Weaker performance anticipated, contributing to the overall slowdown in growth.
Fiscal Deficit Target on Track Despite Revised GDP Growth

Despite a downward revision in India’s GDP growth forecast for the fiscal year 2024-25, the government’s fiscal deficit target of 4.9% of GDP remains attainable. The National Statistics Office (NSO) has projected a nominal GDP growth of 9.7% for FY25, slightly below the earlier estimate of 10.5%. This adjustment is expected to have a minimal impact on the fiscal deficit, as the government plans to reduce capital expenditure to offset the lower GDP growth.

GDP Growth Revision

Revised Nominal GDP Growth:
- Adjusted to 9.7% for FY25, slightly below the earlier estimate of 10.5%.
- This revision reflects a more cautious economic outlook but is not expected to significantly affect fiscal deficit management.
Capital Expenditure Reduction: The government plans to reduce capital expenditure by ₹1–1.5 trillion from the budgeted ₹11.1 trillion to offset the lower GDP growth, aiming to maintain fiscal discipline.

Fiscal Deficit Target
- Fiscal Deficit Target for FY25: ₹16.13 trillion (4.9% of GDP), which is achievable despite the GDP growth adjustment.
- The fiscal deficit is expected to stay within the targeted range due to reduced capital expenditure and controlled revenue patterns.
Revenue Performance: As of November 2024, the central government utilized 52.5% of the fiscal deficit target (₹8.5 trillion), which is 6.6% lower than the same period in the previous year.

Tax Revenue Trends
- Net tax revenues: Reached 56% of the budgeted estimate for April–November FY25, slightly down from 62% in the same period last year.
- Income-tax collections: Increased by 24% year-on-year.
- Corporate tax collections: Decreased by 1% year-on-year.
This approach indicates that the government is proactively managing its fiscal position despite the revised growth forecast.

State news

Bhubaneswar to host the 18th Pravasi Bhartiya Divas Convention 2025Fiscal Deficit Target on Track Despite Revised GDP Growth

Bhubaneshwar the capital city of Odisha will host the 18th Pravasi Bhartiya Divas Convention from 8-10 January 2025. It is the first time that Bhubaneswar is hosting the biannual Pravasi Bhartiya Divas Convention.

As part of the Bharatiya Divas Convention, the Youth Pravasi Bharatiya Divas will be held in Bhubaneshwar on 8 January 2025.

Organizers
- Main Organizers: The Union Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) in association with the Odisha state government.
- Youth Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Organizers: The MEA, in partnership with the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports and the Odisha government.
Chief Guests
- Pravasi Bhartiya Divas: The Chief Guest will be Christine Carla Kangaloo, President of Trinidad & Tobago, who will address the convention virtually on 9 January 2025.
- Youth Pravasi Bharatiya Divas: The Chief Guest will be Dr. Dev Pragad, CEO of Newsweek, USA.
Inauguration & Valedictory Session
- Inauguration: The convention will be inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 9 January 2025. He will virtually flag off the Pravasi Bharatiya Express, a special tourist train for the Indian diaspora, departing from Nizamuddin Railway Station in Delhi.
- Valedictory Session: President Droupadi Murmu will address the valedictory session on 10 January 2025 and present the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award to 27 distinguished individuals for their contributions.
Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award: The Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award recognizes Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs), or organizations run by them for outstanding achievements both in India and abroad.

Theme of 18th Pravasi Bhartiya Divas: The theme for this year is “Diaspora’s Contribution to a Viksit Bharat”, emphasizing the role of the Indian diaspora in contributing to India’s development.

Significance of Pravasi Bhartiya Divas
- Historical Background: 9 January was chosen to commemorate the return of Mahatma Gandhi to India from South Africa aboard the S.S. Arabia in 1915.
- First Convention: The first Pravasi Bhartiya Divas was held in 2003 in New Delhi from 9-11 January. Since 2015, the convention has been held biannually.
Previous Convention: The 17th Pravasi Bhartiya Divas Convention took place in Indore, Madhya Pradesh from 8-10 January 2023.

Odisha:
- Chief minister: Mohan Charan Majhi
- Capital: Bhubaneswar
- Governor: Hari Babu Kambhampati
Shahid Madho Singh Haath Kharcha Scheme

On January 7, 2025, Odisha Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi inaugurated the Shahid Madho Singh Haath Kharcha Scheme at the Adivasi Mela in Bhubaneswar. This initiative aims to reduce dropout rates among Scheduled Tribe (ST) students by providing a one-time financial assistance of ₹5,000 to those enrolling in Class IX and Class XI. The scheme targets students from families with an annual income not exceeding ₹2,50,000.

Launch and Purpose
- Inaugurated: January 7, 2025, by Odisha Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi at the Adivasi Mela in Bhubaneswar.
- Aim: To reduce dropout rates among Scheduled Tribe (ST) students and provide financial support for continued education.
- Financial Assistance: A one-time grant of ₹5,000 for students enrolling in Class IX and Class XI.
- Target Group: ST students from families with an annual income not exceeding ₹2,50,000.
2. Objectives of the Scheme
- Promote educational continuity: Encourages tribal students to continue their education beyond the upper primary level, addressing high dropout rates.
- Financial Incentives: Provides an incentive to support students during critical educational transitions (Class IX and Class XI).
3. Eligibility Criteria
- Student Status: Must be from the Scheduled Tribes category and enrolled in government or government-aided schools.
- Family Income: The annual family income must not exceed ₹2,50,000.
- Disbursement: The ₹5,000 assistance will be credited directly to the student’s bank account.
Application Process: School Principals/Headmasters will recommend eligible students, who will apply through the Odisha State Scholarship Portal.

4. Historical Context: Madho Singh
- Background: Born around 1786 in Ghess, Bargarh district, Madho Singh was a zamindar who ruled 20 villages.
- Resistance Leader: He fought against British colonial rule, particularly after the mistreatment of his family.
- Role in 1857 Uprising: During the First War of Indian Independence (1857), he led tribal resistance against the British using guerrilla tactics and strategic warfare.
- Capture and Legacy: Captured and executed on December 31, 1858, his bravery remains a symbol of tribal courage and resilience.
Appointment news

Govt. Appoints V Narayanan as 11th Chairman ISRO & Secretary of DOS

The government of India has appointed a senior Indian Space Organisation (ISRO scientist V. Narayanan as the 11th chairman of ISRO and secretary of the Department of Space (DOS). He will succeed the current chairman S.Somanth and assume office on 14 January 2025.

The name of V. Narayanan was approved by the apex Appointments Committee of the Cabinet in a meeting held on 7 January 2025 in New Delhi. The meeting was chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and attended by the Union Minister for Home Affairs and of Cooperation, Amit Shah.

Tenure: Term: V. Narayanan has been appointed for a term of two years, effective from 14 January 2025, or until further orders.

About ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)
- Establishment: Founded on 15 August 1969 as India’s national space agency.
- Primary Objective: Conduct research in space science and develop space technologies for the socio-economic benefit of India.
- Headquarters: Located in Bengaluru, Karnataka.
Space Commission and Department of Space (DOS)
- Space Commission: Apex body for policy-making in the field of space science and technology.
- DOS: Implements policies made by the Space Commission through five institutions, including ISRO and others such as PRL, NARL, SCL, and NE-SAC.
Historical Context of ISRO Chairs
- Founder: Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the first Chairman and father of the Indian space programme.
- Longest-serving Chairman: Professor Satish Dhawan.
- Shortest Tenure: Prof. M.G.K. Menon served as Chairman for only 9 months.
ISRO’s Launch Site: ISRO’s rockets are launched from Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

Science and tech news

e-Shram Portal Expands to 22 Scheduled Languages

The e-Shram portal, designed to provide unorganised workers with seamless access to various government schemes, has been upgraded to support all 22 scheduled languages. This enhancement, launched by Union Minister of Labour and Employment Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, aims to make the portal more accessible to workers across India.

Multilingual Upgrade
- The e-Shram portal now supports all 22 scheduled languages in India, making it more accessible to unorganised workers across the country.
- Previous languages: English, Hindi, Kannada, and Marathi.
Bhashini project: The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology facilitated this expansion, enabling workers to access information and register in their native languages.

Increased Registrations
- The portal has gained significant traction with an average of 30,000 registrations per day by unorganised workers, reflecting growing trust and engagement.
- This indicates the platform’s importance in connecting workers to various welfare schemes.
Integration of Welfare Schemes

The e-Shram portal integrates 12 government schemes, including:
- One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC)
- Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS)
- Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS)
- National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS)
- Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
- This integration enables easier access to welfare benefits for unorganised workers.
Future Initiatives
- Mobile App: A dedicated e-Shram mobile app is planned for easier access.
- Single Common Application Form: Will simplify the registration process.
- Payment Gateway Integration: To make the process of availing benefits more seamless.
Extension of Outreach: Collaboration with Common Service Centres, bank correspondents, post offices, and MY Bharat volunteers to expand access to the portal.

This upgrade enhances the portal’s usability and furthers its role in providing social security to unorganised workers across India.

Historic Moon Artifact Donated to Frontiers of Flight Museum

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, also known as Non-Resident Indian (NRI) Day, is an annual event celebrated on January 9th in India to honour and engage with the Indian diaspora worldwide. This significant occasion aims to strengthen the bonds between India and its overseas citizens, leveraging their expertise and resources for the nation’s development.

Artifact Overview
- Artifact: A fragment of the original Wright Flyer fabric, flown at Kitty Hawk in 1903 by the Wright brothers, and later carried by Neil Armstrong during the Apollo 11 mission in 1969.
- Significance: This piece symbolizes the connection between early aviation pioneers and the historic achievements of space exploration.
Museum Display
- Unveiling Date: The artifact will be publicly displayed starting October 2, 2025.
- Location: Frontiers of Flight Museum, 6911 Lemmon Ave, Dallas, Texas.
- Complementary Exhibit: Alongside the fabric, an authentic Apollo 11 patch created by Texas Art Embroidery will be displayed, enriching the historical context.
Historical Significance of the Artifact

Composition: Small piece of fabric from the left wing of the Wright Flyer, the first powered airplane to achieve sustained flight in 1903.

Connection to Space: The fabric fragment was carried by Neil Armstrong during his Apollo 11 mission to the Moon in 1969, linking the Wright brothers’ aviation milestone to humanity’s first steps on the Moon.

Event Details

Legacy In-Flight Luncheon:
- Date: October 1, 2025.
- Speaker: Mark Armstrong, Neil Armstrong’s eldest son, will be the keynote speaker.
- Purpose: The event will honor past legacies and support the museum’s aerospace-STEM education programs, benefiting thousands of students annually.
- Tickets and Sponsorships: Available through Catharine Recht.
Significance of the Donation: This donation adds a remarkable piece to the museum’s aerospace collection, offering a tangible link between aviation history and space exploration. The journey of the fabric, from Kitty Hawk to the Moon, exemplifies the continuous spirit of innovation and human achievement in both fields.

Important days

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas 2025- Date, Theme, History and Highlights

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, also known as Non-Resident Indian (NRI) Day, is an annual event celebrated on January 9th in India to honour and engage with the Indian diaspora worldwide. This significant occasion aims to strengthen the bonds between India and its overseas citizens, leveraging their expertise and resources for the nation’s development.

Overview of Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD)
- Date of Celebration: Annually on January 9th to honor the Indian diaspora.
- Purpose: Strengthens the bond between India and its overseas citizens, leveraging their expertise and resources for the nation’s development.
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas 2025
- 18th PBD Convention: Held from January 8th to 10th, 2025, in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
- Focus: Encouraged deeper engagement with the diaspora, particularly the youth, and explored avenues for their participation in India’s growth.
Theme for Pravasi Bharatiya Divas 2025
- Theme: “Diaspora’s Contribution to a Viksit Bharat”
- The theme emphasized the significant contributions made by the Indian diaspora in India’s development and its role in achieving a developed India.
History of Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
- Inception: First celebrated in 2003.
- Objective: To make the Indian diaspora a partner in India’s development and to promote collaborations.
- Significance: Plays a vital role in strengthening relations between India and its overseas community.
Key Events and Discussions at PBD 2025

Youth Pravasi Bharatiya Divas: The convention began with a dedicated day for young diaspora members, focusing on their leadership potential and innovative ideas.

Plenary Sessions: A series of discussions on topics such as:
- “Beyond Borders: Diaspora Youth Leadership in a Globalized World”
- “Building Bridges, Breaking Barriers: Stories of Migrant Skills”
- “Green Connections: Diaspora’s Contributions to Sustainable Development”
- “Diaspora Divas: Celebrating Women’s Leadership and Influence – Nari Shakti”
- Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awards: Prestigious awards presented to distinguished diaspora members for their contributions to India and their host countries.
- Interactive Sessions: Facilitated networking and knowledge-sharing, encouraging dynamic exchanges of ideas.
Conclusion: Pravasi Bharatiya Divas 2025 served as an important platform for celebrating the role of the Indian diaspora in India’s development journey, while also exploring future collaborations and leadership opportunities for the youth.
January 9, 2025
7th January 2025 current affairs
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National news

Empowering Women Entrepreneurs: ‘Faral Sakhi’ Initiative Launched in Mira Bhayandar

The Mira Bhayandar Municipal Corporation (MBMC), in collaboration with NITI Aayog’s Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP), has launched the ‘Faral Sakhi’ initiative to empower women entrepreneurs in traditional snack production.

1. Overview: The Mira Bhayandar Municipal Corporation (MBMC), in collaboration with NITI Aayog’s Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP), launched the ‘Faral Sakhi’ initiative to empower women entrepreneurs in traditional festive snack production.

2. Comprehensive Support: Women from self-help groups (SHGs) prepare snacks in a central kitchen established by MBMC.
- The initiative provides sales spaces and municipal advertisement support.
- During Diwali, over 3 tons of snacks were sold due to high quality and taste.
3. Training and Skill Development:
- 25 women from Mira Bhayandar are receiving technical training in business operations through the CEGP Foundation.
- Training focuses on sustainable business practices and economic contribution.
4. WEP’s Role: Launched by NITI Aayog in 2018 and transitioned to a public-private partnership in 2022, WEP supports women entrepreneurs with access to finance, market linkages, training, mentoring, and legal assistance.

The 2023 ‘Award to Reward’ program promotes impactful initiatives, aiding women entrepreneurs in domestic and international markets.

5. Impact: This collaboration aims to create a thriving ecosystem for women-led businesses in Mira Bhayandar, with over 30,000 women entrepreneurs engaged under WEP’s framework.

PM Modi Flags Off Namo Bharat RRTS: 40-Min Delhi-Meerut Ride

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated a 13-km section of the Delhi-Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) corridor on January 5, 2025. This section connects Sahibabad in Uttar Pradesh to New Ashok Nagar in Delhi and is part of the broader 82-km Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut Namo Bharat corridor. The RRTS aims to revolutionize regional transit by significantly reducing travel time between Delhi and Meerut.

Inauguration Details:
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated a 13-km section of the Delhi-Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) corridor on January 5, 2025.
- This section connects Sahibabad (Uttar Pradesh) to New Ashok Nagar (Delhi).
- The inauguration marked the first operational use of the Namo Bharat trains in Delhi.
- PM Modi also took a ride on the train, interacting with passengers, including children, on the journey.
Operational Details:
- The total corridor length of the Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut Namo Bharat corridor is 82 km, running from Sarai Kale Khan (Delhi) to Modipuram (Meerut).
- The newly opened section comprises 13 km, with a 6 km underground stretch.
- Anand Vihar station serves as a crucial transit hub, linking the Delhi Metro’s Blue and Pink Lines, a railway station, and a bus terminal.
Passenger Services:
- Passenger services commenced at 5 pm on the day of the inauguration.
- Trains operate every 15 minutes, ensuring minimal wait times for passengers.
Fare Structure:

The fare for the stretch from New Ashok Nagar to Meerut South is:
- ₹150 for standard coach.
- ₹225 for premium coach.
Corridor Features:
- The corridor has 16 Namo Bharat stations and 9 Meerut Metro stations.
- The key interchange is the New Ashok Nagar RRTS station, which connects with the Delhi Metro’s Blue Line.
- The travel time from New Ashok Nagar to Meerut South is under 40 minutes, significantly reducing the journey time between the two cities.
Significant Milestones:
- This follows the opening of a 17-km priority section (Sahibabad to Duhai Depot) on October 20, 2024.
- The new section helps reduce the travel time between Delhi and Meerut by one-third.
International news

Hanoi Declared World’s Most Polluted City

On January 3, 2025, AirVisual reported that Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, has the highest PM2.5 levels globally, reaching 266 micrograms per cubic meter. This level indicates severe air pollution, significantly impacting residents’ health.

Primary Sources of Pollution:
- Heavy Traffic: The city’s dense traffic is a major contributor to high air pollution levels.
- Trash Burning: Open burning of waste releases harmful pollutants into the air.
- Industrial Activities: Emissions from factories and industrial sites exacerbate the deteriorating air quality.
Health Impacts on Residents:
- Respiratory Issues: Elderly residents are reporting increased breathing difficulties due to poor air quality.
- Reduced Visibility: Young people have noted decreased visibility and discomfort while breathing in the polluted air.
Vietnam:
- Capital: Hanoi
- Currency: Vietnamese dong
- Official language: Vietnamese
- Prime minister: Pham Minh Chinh
Banking news

HDFC Bank Secures RBI Approval to Acquire Stakes in Peer Banks

HDFC Bank has received the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) approval to acquire up to 9.5% stake in Kotak Mahindra Bank, AU Small Finance Bank, and Capital Small Finance Bank.
- Approval Validity: The approval is valid until January 2, 2026.
- Aggregate Holding Limit: HDFC Bank’s group entities, including HDFC Mutual Fund, HDFC Life Insurance, HDFC ERGO General Insurance, and HDFC Pension Fund Management, must ensure that their combined stake in each of the target banks does not exceed 9.5%.
Purpose of Investment: These investments are part of HDFC Bank’s group entities’ regular course of business, aimed at diversifying their portfolios and strengthening strategic partnerships within the banking sector.

Context and Implications:
- This development follows the merger of HDFC Bank with its parent company, HDFC, in July 2023, significantly expanding HDFC Bank’s loan portfolio.
- Post-merger, HDFC Bank’s loan-to-deposit ratio increased to around 110%, highlighting the need for the bank to either boost deposits or moderate loan growth.
- In the quarter ending December 31, 2024, HDFC Bank reported a 4.2% increase in deposits to ₹24.53 trillion, outpacing a 0.9% rise in gross advances to ₹25.43 trillion.
Launch of BAANKNET: Revamped E-Auction Portal for Public Sector Bank Assets

On January 3, 2025, Nagaraju Maddirala, Secretary of the Department of Financial Services (DFS), Ministry of Finance (MOF), launched the BAANKNET portal in New Delhi, designed to facilitate the e-auction of properties from all Public Sector Banks (PSBs).

Key Features of BAANKNET:
- One-Stop Platform: Serves as a hub for buyers and investors, providing easy access to a wide range of assets.
- Diverse Asset Listings: Includes residential properties, commercial spaces, industrial lands, agricultural and non-agricultural land, vehicles, machinery, and more.
- Support for PSBs: Assists PSBs in recovering dues, strengthening balance sheets, and enhancing credit availability for businesses and individuals.
- Collaboration: Involves PSBs, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI), and Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs) for effective implementation.
- Training Programs: DFS has conducted training for PSB executives and DRT recovery officers to ensure optimal use of the platform.
Current Status: Over 1,22,500 properties are already listed on the portal, ready for auction.

Agreement news

ICG and AIIMS Delhi Sign MoU to Enhance Medical Training for Coast Guard Officers

In December 2024, the Indian Coast Guard (ICG) and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Delhi signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) aimed at enhancing the medical training and capabilities of ICG’s medical officers.

Key Highlights:
- MoU Signing: The agreement was signed by Surgeon Commodore Sanjay Dutta from ICG and Dr. Shailendra Kumar, CRTC AIIMS Coordinator, at an event held at AIIMS Delhi in New Delhi.
- Primary Objective: The MoU focuses on providing specialized training in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) based on Indian guidelines, ensuring ICG personnel are equipped with critical life-saving skills.
- Advanced Training: AIIMS Delhi will offer structured and advanced training to ICG’s medical officers, enhancing their ability to manage medical emergencies, particularly in operationally challenging environments.
Appointment news

TATA AIG General Insurance Appoints Amit Ganorkar as MD & CEO

In January 2025, TATA AIG General Insurance Company Limited, based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, appointed Amit Ganorkar as its Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), effective from January 1, 2025.

Key Highlights:
- Successor: Amit Ganorkar succeeds Neelesh Garg, who resigned after leading the company for over nine years.
- Previous Roles: Ganorkar previously served as the MD at Royal Sundaram General Insurance in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He also held the role of Chief Operating Officer (COO) at TATA AIG General Insurance.
- Industry Expertise: With over 20 years of experience in the general insurance industry, Ganorkar brings specialized expertise in sales and distribution and product development.
About TATA AIG: TATA AIG General Insurance is a joint venture between the TATA Group and American International Group (AIG). The company began its operations in India on January 22, 2001.

Jyoti Sharma Appointed CEO of NASSCOM Foundation

On January, 2025, Jyoti Sharma was appointed as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM) Foundation, with immediate effect.

Key Highlights:

Successor: Jyoti Sharma succeeds Nidhi Bhasin, who has been appointed as the CEO of Digital Green Trust.

Experience: Sharma brings over 20 years of experience in driving social impact. She has expertise in program development, resource mobilization, and stakeholder engagement.

Leadership Background: She has held leadership positions in prominent organizations, including:
- Organic Cotton Accelerator
- European Commission
- World Resources Institute
- Magic Bus India Foundation
- Action Aid
- Save the Children
Ranks and report news

Decline in Rural-to-Urban Migration in India

Recent reports highlight a significant decline in rural-to-urban migration in India, marking a reversal of long-standing urbanization trends. According to the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM), domestic migration decreased by 53.7 million in 2023, an 11.8% drop from 2011 levels. The migration rate fell from 37.6% in 2011 to 28.9% in 2023, with economic migration also declining by 5 million, from 45 million in 2011 to 40 million in 2023.

Increased Dependence on Agriculture
- A key factor contributing to this trend is the increased dependence on agriculture. In 2023-24, 46.1% of the workforce was engaged in agriculture, up from 42.5% in 2017-18.
- The rise in agricultural dependence has led to higher food demand, reducing urban supplies and driving persistent food inflation.
- There is also a rise in disguised unemployment in rural areas, coupled with stagnation in rural wages, particularly among women, whose real wages declined by 2.3% annually over the past five years.
Challenges to Rural Infrastructure Development
- Despite claims that improved rural infrastructure would reduce migration, infrastructure growth has been slower than expected.
- From FY14 to FY24, 25 million rural houses were added, falling significantly short of the 46.3 million houses that would have been added if earlier growth trends had continued.
- Rural electrification and housing construction have also slowed in recent years, further stalling progress.
Implications for Economic Growth

The decline in migration and urbanization has reduced the potential for productivity gains typically seen in urban agglomerations. This could have long-term consequences for economic growth in India, which has traditionally been driven by urbanization.

The economic slowdown is also likely to result in fiscal trade-offs, forcing the government to consider options such as:
- Increasing revenue spending
- Cutting capital expenditures
- Expanding GST coverage to compensate for slower tax revenue generation.
Policy Recommendations

To address these challenges, a dual focus on rural and urban policies is necessary:
- Support Rural Incomes: Implement fiscal incentives and employment programs to improve rural livelihoods and reduce the growing income disparity.
- Accelerate Urban Growth: Develop policies that encourage urban growth and create more economic opportunities in cities to reverse the rural-to-urban migration slowdown.
Science and tech news

India Welcomes Its First Generation Beta Baby

As the year 2025 brought upon the world the ‘Generation Beta’, India got its first baby of this gen on New Year’s day, January 1, in Mizoram’s Aizawl. The baby, named Frankie Remruatdika Zadeng, is recognized as India’s first child from the so-called Generation Beta. Born at 12:03 AM on January 1, 2025, at Synod Hospital in Durtlang, Aizawl, the healthy newborn weighed a little over 3.12 kilograms.

India’s First Generation Beta Baby:
- Baby Name: Frankie Remruatdika Zadeng.
- Birth Details: Born on January 1, 2025, at 12:03 AM, at Synod Hospital in Aizawl, Mizoram.
- Parents: Ramzirmawii and ZD Remruatsanga, residents of Khatla East, Aizawl.
- Health Status: Born healthy, weighing over 3.12 kg.
What is Generation Beta?
- Definition: Demographic cohort succeeding Generation Alpha (2010-2024).
- Coined By: Australian futurist Mark McCrindle.
- Timeline: Includes children born between 2025 and 2039.
Significance of Frankie’s Birth:
- Marks the symbolic start of a new generational chapter.
- Represents the opportunities and challenges awaiting Generation Beta, such as:
- Leveraging AI for education, work, and daily life.
- Addressing climate change and ecological preservation.
- Embracing a transformative approach to education with a focus on STEM and critical thinking skills.
India’s Space Tech: SwetchaSAT-VO and VYOM 2U

In December 2024, Andhra Pradesh (AP)-based startup N Space Tech India Private Limited successfully tested its indigenously developed Ultra-High-Frequency(UHF) communication system, SwetchaSAT-VO.

The test was conducted on the Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle(PSLV) Orbital Experimental Module (POEM-4) platform at Sriharikota, AP.

SwetchaSAT-VO Communication System Test

In December 2024, N Space Tech India Private Limited, based in Andhra Pradesh (AP), successfully tested its Ultra-High-Frequency (UHF) communication system called SwetchaSAT-VO.
- Test Location: The test was conducted on ISRO’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) Orbital Experimental Module (POEM-4) platform at Sriharikota, AP.
- Purpose: The system is designed to test UHF waves for enhanced communication in remote areas, improving mobile phones, internet, and other communication services.
- Data Receipt: On January 1, 2025, N Space Tech received the first data set from SwetchaSAT-VO at ISRO’s Telemetry, Tracking, and Command Network in Bengaluru, Karnataka.
Manastu Space Technologies’ Green Propulsion System Test

On December 31, 2024, Manastu Space Technologies, a start-up founded by IIT Bombay (Maharashtra), successfully test-fired its green propulsion system, VYOM 2U.
- Test Location: The test was conducted on the PSLV Orbital Experimental Module-4 (POEM) platform, with the thruster successfully fired from Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (UP).
- Innovation: This self-developed green thruster marks a significant step in environmentally-friendly propulsion technology for space missions.
N Space Tech India Private Limited

Founders & Managing Directors (MD): Divya Ram Kurapati & Raghuram Kothamasu
- Headquarters: Tenali, Andhra Pradesh (AP)
- Established: December 14, 2020
Key Achievements: N Space Tech India Pvt. Ltd. is known for its development of innovative space technologies, including the SwetchaSAT-VO communication system, tested successfully in December 2024. The company focuses on UHF communication systems for enhancing communication in remote areas.

Manastu Space Technologies
- Chief Executive Officers (CEOs): Tushar Jadhav & Ashtesh Kumar
- Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra
- Established: 2017
Key Achievements: Manastu Space Technologies specializes in developing green propulsion systems for space missions. In December 2024, it successfully test-fired its VYOM 2U green propulsion system, marking a significant milestone in environmentally-friendly space technology.

Sports news

Inaugural Kho Kho World Cup 2025 Trophies and Mascots Revealed

The Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI) recently unveiled the trophies and mascots for the inaugural Kho Kho World Cup 2025, scheduled to take place from January 13-19. This global event will feature men’s and women’s teams from 24 countries, showcasing Kho Kho on a global stage. The tournament will be held at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium and will be broadcast live, marking a historic milestone for this indigenous Indian sport.

Event Overview:
- Dates: January 13-19, 2025
- Location: Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, New Delhi
- Participants: 21 men’s teams and 20 women’s teams from 24 countries spanning six continents
- Governing Body: Organized under the Sports Authority of India (SAI)
Trophies:

Men’s Trophy (Blue):
- Symbolizes: Trust, determination, and universal appeal.
- Design: Contemporary curves with golden figures.
Women’s Trophy (Green):

Symbolizes: Growth and vitality.

Design: Similar to the men’s trophy, featuring intricate crystal detailing for precision and excellence.

Mascots:
- Tejas (Blue): Represents brilliance and energy.
- Tara (Orange): Embodies guidance and aspiration.
- Significance: Both gazelle mascots showcase traditional Indian motifs, reflecting Kho Kho’s cultural heritage and modern appeal.
Broadcasting and Streaming:

Platforms:
- Free live streaming on Disney+ Hotstar.
- Free broadcast on DD Sports.
Impact: Aims to promote Kho Kho globally by increasing its accessibility and popularity.

BCCI Will Have New Secretary and Treasurer

Devajit Saikia, a former Assam cricketer, is set to become the new secretary of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), while Prabhtej Singh Bhatia from Chhattisgarh State Cricket Sangh (CSCS) will take over as the new treasurer. Both candidates filed their nominations as the lone applicants for their respective posts and are set to be elected unopposed at the BCCI’s Special General Meeting (SGM) on January 12, 2025, in Mumbai.

Key Appointments at BCCI:

Devajit Saikia:

Position: Secretary of BCCI.

Background:
- Former Assam cricketer and wicketkeeper.
- Advocate General of Assam since May 2021.
- Held BCCI’s Joint Secretary position since October 2022.
- Appointed interim secretary in December 2024 following Jay Shah’s departure.
Cricketing Career: Played first-class matches in the Col CK Nayudu Trophy and Ranji Trophy for Assam (1990-91). Represented the East Zone alongside Sourav Ganguly.

Prabhtej Singh Bhatia:

Position: Treasurer of BCCI.

Background:
- Represents Chhattisgarh State Cricket Sangh (CSCS).
- Former member of BCCI’s Apex Council and Disciplinary Committee.
Reason for Vacancies:
- Jay Shah: Moved to the International Cricket Council (ICC) as Independent Chairman.
- Ashish Shelar: Became a cabinet minister in the Maharashtra government.
Election Details:
- Both Saikia and Bhatia filed nominations as lone candidates for their respective posts.
- They will be elected unopposed during the BCCI Special General Meeting (SGM) on January 12, 2025, in Mumbai.
West Bengal Wins 33rd Santosh Trophy Title

The Santosh Trophy, India’s premier football competition for state teams, continues to showcase the nation’s football talent and historical rivalries. In the 2024 edition, West Bengal reaffirmed its dominance by securing a record-extending 33rd title with a narrow 1-0 victory over Kerala in the final. Held at Gachibowli Stadium, the match saw Robi Hansda score the winning goal in added time, cementing his position as the tournament’s top scorer.
- Champion: West Bengal: Secured a record-extending 33rd title with a 1-0 victory over Kerala.
- Runner-Up: Kerala: Narrowly missed out on the title.
- Final Score: 1-0 in favor of West Bengal.
- Goal Scorer: Robi Hansda: Scored the match-winning goal in added time of the second half, marking his 12th goal of the tournament, and emerging as the top scorer.
Match Venue: Gachibowli Stadium

Tournament Journey: Both West Bengal and Kerala won nine matches and drew one match each on their way to the final.

History of the Santosh Trophy:
- Founded: 1941
- Organizer: Initially managed by the Indian Football Association (IFA) and later by the All India Football Federation (AIFF).
- Named After: Sir Manmatha Nath Roy Chowdhury, Maharaja of Santosh.
Trophies for 2nd and 3rd Places:
- Kamla Gupta Trophy: Runner-up award.
- Sampangi Cup: Third place award.
Historical Milestones:
- The Santosh Trophy was introduced to provide a platform for state-level teams in India.
- The inaugural edition in 1941-42 was won by West Bengal (then Bengal), defeating Delhi.
- The tournament became a significant platform for showcasing regional football talent.
Notable Records:
- Most Successful Team: West Bengal with 33 titles.
- Second-Most Successful Team: Punjab with 8 titles.
- Third-Most Successful Teams: Kerala and Services, each with 7 titles.
- Longest Winning Streak: West Bengal won six consecutive titles from 1993 to 1999.
- First Institutional Winner: Services in 1960-61.
- Joint Winners: Only instance of joint winners occurred in 1982-83 when West Bengal and Goa shared the title.
- First Overseas Final: The 2022-23 final was held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, where Karnataka defeated Meghalaya.
The 38th National Games Torch ‘Tejaswini’

Uttarakhand will host the 38th National Games for the first time, marking a significant milestone in the state’s sports history. The event will take place from January 28 to February 14, 2025, at the Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium in Dehradun.

Torch Rally:
- The torch rally, named Tejaswini, was flagged off by Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami on December 26, 2024, in Haldwani.
- The rally will cover an extensive distance of 3,823 kilometers, visiting 99 locations across 13 districts of Uttarakhand.
- The torch’s journey aims to create excitement and raise awareness about the National Games as it travels through significant locations such as Nainital, Pithoragarh, Almora, and Bageshwar.
The journey will culminate in Dehradun on January 25, 2025, three days before the Games begin.

Purpose of the Rally:
- The primary objective is to foster community engagement and raise awareness about the Games, with an emphasis on connecting people from different areas to the event.
- The rally also aims to inspire youth and athletes, promoting sports culture and building excitement for the upcoming National Games.
The 38th National Games:
- Event Dates: January 28 to February 14, 2025.
- Main Venue: Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium, Dehradun, will host a variety of competitions across different sports disciplines.
- Mascot, Anthem, and Logo: Unveiled by Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami during the inauguration, these elements reflect Uttarakhand’s vibrant culture and commitment to sports excellence.
Obituary news

World’s Oldest Person, Tomiko Itooka, Dies at 116 Years

Tomiko Itooka, a Japanese woman recognized by Guinness World Records as the world’s oldest person, passed away at the age of 116 in January 2025. Born in May 1908, she experienced an extraordinary life, living through major historical events, including both World Wars, technological advancements, and societal changes. Her legacy continues to inspire through her resilience and longevity.

Birth and Early Life:
- Born: May 1908, six years before World War I.
- Experienced early 20th-century milestones, including the launch of the Ford Model T in the same year.
World War II and Career:
- Managed her husband’s textile factory office during World War II.
- After her husband’s death in 1979, she lived alone in Nara, Japan.
Personal Life:
- Marriage: Married at age 20.
- Children: Had two daughters and two sons.
- Survivors: One son, one daughter, and five grandchildren.
Longevity and Health:
- World Record: Verified as the world’s oldest person by Guinness World Records in September 2024, following the passing of Maria Branyas Morera.
- Enjoyed simple pleasures, such as eating bananas and drinking Calpis, a popular Japanese soft drink.
Recognition:
- Received the official Guinness World Records (GWR) certificate in September 2024.
- Honored during Respect for the Aged Day, a Japanese holiday dedicated to elderly citizens.
Agnes Keleti, World’s Oldest Olympic Champion

On January 2025, World’s Oldest Olympic Champion, Hungarian gymnast and a Holocaust survivor Agnes Keleti passed away at the age of 103 in Budapest, Hungary. She was born on January 9, 1921 in Budapest.

About Agnes Keleti:

Agnes Keleti, a Hungarian gymnast and Holocaust survivor, was the world’s oldest living Olympic gold medalist and the most decorated female Olympian in Hungarian history. She passed away in Budapest at the age of 103. Keleti’s remarkable Olympic career spanned multiple decades, earning her 10 Olympic medals: 5 golds, 3 silvers, and 2 bronzes.

Key Highlights of Her Career:
- Early Start: Keleti joined the National Gymnastics Association in 1938 and won her first Hungarian championship in 1940.
- Olympic Debut (1952): At the age of 31, she debuted at the 1952 Helsinki Olympics, winning her first gold medal in floor exercise, along with 1 silver and 2 bronze medals.
- 1956 Melbourne Olympics: Keleti’s most successful Olympic performance came in Melbourne, where she won 4 gold medals and 2 silvers, making her the most successful athlete of the Games.
- Life After Olympics: Post-1956, she settled in Israel, where she contributed significantly to the development of gymnastics as a coach and educator.
- Retirement: Keleti retired from coaching at age 75 but continued mentoring athletes and remained a beloved figure in the gymnastics world.
Legacy: Agnes Keleti is remembered as one of the greatest gymnasts in history, and following her passing, French cyclist Charles Coste (100) became the oldest living Olympic champion.
January 7, 2025
4th,5th and 6th January 2025 current affairs
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National news

Blinkit Launches 10-Minute Ambulance Service in Gurgaon

Blinkit CEO Albinder Dhindsa announced the launch of an instant ambulance service, where residents of Gurgaon can book an ambulance through the Blinkit app and have it arrive within 10 minutes. This initiative aims to address the critical need for quick emergency medical transport in urban areas. The service, which includes Basic Life Support (BLS) ambulances, marks a significant step toward providing fast and reliable medical aid.

Service Overview:
- Location: Gurgaon (Gurugram)
- Ambulance Arrival Time: Within 10 minutes
- Platform: Blinkit App
- Type of Ambulances: Basic Life Support (BLS) ambulances
Key Features:
- Equipment Onboard: Oxygen cylinders, defibrillators, stretchers, monitors, emergency medicines, and injections.
- Staff: Trained paramedic, assistant, and driver.
Cost and Profit Model:
- Affordable Pricing: The service is offered at an affordable rate.
- Non-Profit Initiative: Profit is not the primary goal; the focus is on providing fast emergency medical support.
- Expansion Plans: The service will gradually scale, with Blinkit planning to extend the service to major cities over the next two years.
Project VISTAAR: A Digital Revolution in Indian Agriculture

The Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) has joined forces with the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare to launch Project VISTAAR (Virtually Integrated System to Access Agricultural Resources). This initiative aims to improve the efficiency of India’s agricultural extension services by leveraging digital technology, thereby offering farmers better access to innovative technologies and advisory support.

Enhancing Agricultural Extension via Digitalization

Project VISTAAR focuses on empowering farmers through the integration of advanced technologies into the agricultural sector. By digitizing the extension system, it will provide high-quality guidance on crop production, marketing, value addition, and supply chain management. Additionally, it will inform farmers about relevant government schemes in agriculture, rural development, and allied sectors, enabling them to fully capitalize on these opportunities.

Harnessing Start-up Innovations
- Start-ups play a pivotal role in tackling agricultural challenges by enhancing productivity, improving supply chains, and facilitating market access.
- IIT Madras, through its Centre for Research on Start-ups and Risk Financing, in collaboration with its incubated start-up YNOS Venture Engine, has developed an extensive database of over 12,000 agriculture-focused start-ups.
- This database will be incorporated into the VISTAAR platform, enabling farmers and stakeholders to discover innovative solutions, adopt new technologies, and improve agricultural practices.
Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare: minister: Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan

Chhattisgarh’s Green GDP Initiative

Chhattisgarh has become the first Indian state to adopt the Green Gross Domestic Product (Green GDP) model, which integrates the ecological services of its forests into its economic planning. This initiative is designed to link environmental contributions—such as clean air, water conservation, and biodiversity—with the state’s economic development. The goal is to ensure sustainable growth while preserving the natural environment for future generations.

Understanding Green GDP

Green GDP is an alternative measure to traditional GDP, which typically omits environmental costs. While GDP measures economic output, Green GDP takes into account the ecological degradation caused by economic activities. This includes factors like resource depletion and pollution, providing a broader perspective on both economic health and environmental well-being.

Objectives of the Green GDP Initiative

Chhattisgarh’s Green GDP initiative focuses on several key objectives:
- Enhancing Budget Planning: By recognizing the economic value of ecosystem services, the state aims to improve financial planning and resource allocation.
- Policy Formulation: It supports the creation of policies that foster economic growth while ensuring ecological sustainability.
- Recognizing the Economic Value of Forests: The initiative acknowledges the critical role forests play in the state’s economy, formalizing the value of forest ecosystem services.
Chattishgarh’s:
- Capital: Raipur (Executive Branch)
- Governor: Ramen Deka
- CM: Shri Vishnu Deo
Government Considers Honorary Senior Ranks for Retiring Paramilitary Personnel

The Indian government is considering the introduction of honorary senior ranks for retiring Central Armed Police Force (CAPF) personnel who have not been promoted due to organizational constraints. The aim of this initiative is to boost morale and acknowledge the service of retiring personnel, especially those who were eligible for promotion but could not be promoted due to vacancies or delays within the system.

Proposal Details
- Proposal Origin: Former Director General of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Anish Dayal Singh, suggested that CAPF personnel who are eligible for promotion but are awaiting a vacancy could be granted the insignia of their next higher rank during their final month of service.
- Example: For instance, a Constable eligible for promotion to Head Constable could wear the Head Constable’s insignia during their last month of service. They would also receive the corresponding pay for that rank.
- Implementation: This proposal has been approved by Home Minister Amit Shah and is expected to be implemented across all CAPFs soon.
Context and Background: This proposal arises in response to delays in promotions within the CAPFs, which have been a long-standing concern. As of October 30, 2024, there were 100,204 vacant posts across all CAPFs, with 71,231 posts created between 2020 and 2024. Despite the creation of new posts, systemic issues in recruitment and internal promotion processes have led to delays in promotion timelines. The honorary rank initiative serves as a temporary solution while the government works on addressing these systemic challenges.

Historical Perspective

The concept of honorary ranks is not new to India:
- In the Indian Army, soldiers who have rendered exemplary service and are nearing retirement have been awarded honorary ranks such as junior commissioned officers shortly before their retirement. This practice, known as ‘brevet,’ has been followed since the British colonial era.
- The Indian Army has also conferred honorary ranks on prominent citizens and foreign trainees as a gesture of goodwill and recognition.
Implications of the Proposal

The introduction of honorary senior ranks for retiring CAPF personnel is expected to:
- Boost morale: It provides symbolic recognition for those who have not been promoted due to organizational constraints.
- Offer temporary relief: While the honorary ranks do not resolve the underlying systemic issues causing delays in promotions, they offer a temporary acknowledgment of service.
- Focus on long-term reforms: The government is working on addressing vacancies and improving promotion timelines within CAPFs, which will likely involve a long-term strategy to ensure quicker advancement for personnel.
Jammu is to be the 69th Railway Division of the Indian Railway

The Union Ministry of Railways has announced plans to establish the 69th railway division at Jammu, which will come under the Northern Railway Zone. This was communicated to the Northern Railway Zone in an official notification issued on 1st January 2025.

Currently, India has 68 railway divisions, and Jammu will be the next addition to this network. This initiative highlights the government’s focus on enhancing rail infrastructure in Jammu and Kashmir, further expanding India’s vast railway network.

About the Proposed Jammu Division
- Under Northern Railway Zone: Jammu will be the new division under the Northern Railway Zone, which is the largest zone of Indian Railways.
- Network Coverage: The division will manage a 742.1 km rail network, which will be formed by reorganizing the existing Firozpur Division.
Key Sections:
- Pathankot-Jammu-Udhampur (now martyr Captain Tushar Mahajan)
- Srinagar-Baramulla
- Bhogpur Sirwal-Pathankot
- Batala (excluding)-Pathankot
- Pathankot-Joginder Nagar
This division will contribute significantly to enhancing rail services and connectivity in the region, benefiting both passengers and freight transport.

Current Railway System in India
- India has the fourth largest rail network in the world, following the United States, China, and Russia.
- Indian Railways is the largest railway system under a single management, with around 1.25 million employees.
Railway Zones and Divisions in India

India’s railway operations are divided into 17 Zones and 68 Divisions. The key details of the 17 Railway Zones are as follows:
1. Central Railway: Mumbai Divisions: Mumbai, Bhusawal, Nagpur, Solapur, Pune
2. Eastern Railway: Kolkata Divisions: Asansol, Howrah, Malda, Sealdah
3. East Central Railway: Hajipur Divisions: Danapur, Dhanbad, Mughalsarai, Samastipur, Sonpur
4. East Coast Railway: Bhubaneswar Divisions: Khurda Road, Sambalpur, Waltair
5. Northern Railway: New Delhi Divisions: Ambala, Delhi, Lucknow, Moradabad, Ferozpur
6. North Central Railway: Allahabad Divisions: Prayagraj, Agra, Jhansi
7. North Eastern Railway: Gorakhpur Divisions: Lucknow, Izzatnagar, Varanasi
8. Northeast Frontier Railway: Guwahati Divisions: Katihar, Alipurduar, Rangiya, Lumding, Tinsukia
9. North Western Railway: Jaipur Divisions: Ajmer, Bikaner, Jaipur, Jodhpur
10. Southern Railway: Chennai Divisions: Chennai, Madurai, Palghat, Trichy, Trivandrum, Salem
11. South Central Railway: Secunderabad Divisions: Guntakal, Guntur, Hyderabad, Nanded, Secunderabad, Vijayawada
12. South Eastern Railway: Kolkata Divisions: Adra, Chakradharpur, Kharagpur, Ranchi
13. South East Central Railway: Bilaspur Divisions: Bilaspur, Nagpur, Raipur
14. South Western Railway: Hubli Divisions: Bangalore, Hubli, Mysore
15. Western Railway: Mumbai Divisions: Mumbai, Vadodara, Ratlam, Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Bhavnagar
16. West Central Railway: Jabalpur Divisions: Bhopal, Jabalpur, Kota
17. Metro Railway: Kolkata Divisions: Not applicable
Status of Other Railway Zones
- Konkan Railway: Operates a 741 km line connecting Mumbai to Mangalore but is managed by Konkan Railway Corporation Limited and is not considered an operational zone of Indian Railways.
- South Coast Railway Zone: Announced in 2019, this zone will be headquartered in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. However, the official notification for its establishment has not been issued yet.
Significance of Jammu Division: The establishment of the Jammu Division is expected to improve rail connectivity and infrastructure in the Jammu and Kashmir region, which has seen significant demand for better transport services. This move is also in line with India’s broader efforts to enhance transportation networks in border areas, promoting economic growth and regional development.

The proposal for this new division reflects the government’s focus on decentralizing railway operations to streamline management and address growing regional transportation needs.

Summit news

PM Modi inaugurates Grameen Bharat Mahotsav 2025 in New Delhi

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Grameen Bharat Mahotsav being organised in New Delhi on 4 January 2025. During the inaugural ceremony the Union Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs, Nirmala Sitharaman, and Union Minister of State for Finance, Pankaj Chaudhary were also present.
- The Grameen Bharat Mahostav is being held in New Delhi from 4-9 January 2025.
- The Grameen Bharat Mahotsav brings together the leaders from the government, rural economy, and industry to discuss ways and strategies to build a prosperous and self-reliant rural India.
Organiser of the Grameen Bharat Mahotsav: The Grameen Bharat Mahotsav has been organised by the Department of Financial Services, the Union Ministry of Finance, and the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD).

Theme and Motto of the Grameen Bharat Mahotsav

The theme of the Grameen Bharat Mahotsav is “Building a Resilient Rural India for a Viksit Bharat 2024”.

The motto of the Grameen Bharat Mahotsav “If villages grow, the country grows”

Objectives of the Grameen Bharat Mahotsav: The following are the main objectives of the Grameen Bharat Mahotsav.

Explore strategies for the implementation of rural development programs

The Mahotsav will provide a platform for the stakeholders to explore and build strategies to implement four key pillars of rural development; Self-reliance for farmers and artisans; rural women empowerment; skill development for the rural youth; financial inclusion for marginalised rural communities.

International news

India provides $5 Lakh aid to earthquake-hit Vanuatu

The Government of India has announced an aid of $5 lakh to the Pacific Ocean island nation of Vanuatu, which has been severely impacted by two successive earthquakes in December 2024. This aid will support relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction efforts in the country.

Details of the Earthquakes
- First Earthquake (17 December 2024): A 7.3 magnitude earthquake struck Vanuatu, resulting in 14 fatalities and over 200 injuries. The government of Vanuatu imposed a dawn-to-dusk curfew to deal with the aftermath of the destruction.
- Second Earthquake (22 December 2024): A second earthquake of 6.1 magnitude caused widespread panic and further damage to infrastructure, including commercial and residential buildings, embassies, and a hospital.
India-Vanuatu Relations

Diplomatic Relations: India established diplomatic relations with Vanuatu in 1986, although India does not have an embassy in the country. The Indian High Commission in Wellington, New Zealand, is responsible for handling Vanuatu-related matters.

Membership in FIPIC: Vanuatu is a member of the Forum for India-Pacific Islands Cooperation (FIPIC), which includes 13 other countries from the Pacific region.

Historical Assistance:
- 2015: India provided $2.5 lakh to Vanuatu after the devastation caused by Cyclone Pam.
- 2018: India gave a $2 lakh grant for humanitarian assistance to help in the resettlement of Ambae island residents following a volcanic eruption.
- Since 2006: India has contributed US$ 669,093 for various community development projects in Vanuatu.
About Vanuatu

Geography: Vanuatu is an island nation located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, about 800 km west of Fiji and 1,770 km east of Australia. It consists of 13 main islands and many smaller ones.
- Capital: Port Vila
- Prime Minister: Charlot Salwai
- Currency: Vatu
- Independence: Vanuatu gained independence in 1980.
- Ethnic Composition: The population is primarily Melanesian.
MoU between India & Indonesia on Non-Basmati White Rice Trade

The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the Union Ministry of Cooperation and the Ministry of Trade of Indonesia. This MoU focuses on the supply of Non-Basmati White Rice from India to Indonesia. The agreement is expected to improve bilateral trade relations and help Indonesia address its domestic rice demand.

Key Terms of the MoU:

Quantity: India will supply one million metric tonnes of Non-Basmati White Rice to Indonesia annually, at the prevailing international market price.

Duration: The MoU will last for four years, with an automatic extension for another four years, ensuring a long-term supply chain agreement.

Supply Mechanism:
- The rice will be supplied by National Cooperative Exports Limited (NCEL), a newly established cooperative body.
- The rice will be sourced exclusively from cooperative societies across India.
Impact on Trade Balance: The export of rice is expected to improve India’s trade balance, which has been significantly in favor of Indonesia in recent years. In 2023-24, India’s exports to Indonesia stood at USD 5.99 billion, while imports from Indonesia were USD 23.4 billion.

Bilateral Trade Relations:
- India and Indonesia are significant trading partners. Indonesia is India’s 8th-largest trading partner, and India is the second-largest buyer of Indonesian coal and crude palm oil.
- In 2023-24, the bilateral trade between the two countries amounted to USD 29.4 billion, underscoring the importance of this agreement in enhancing economic ties.
Indian Rice Exports:
- India is the largest exporter of rice globally, with Non-Basmati White Rice being a major export variety.
- In 2023-24, the total export of Non-Basmati Rice was INR 37,804.48 crore (approximately USD 4.57 billion), with key export markets including Benin, Guinea, Togo, Cote D’Ivoire, and Vietnam.
- India also exports Basmati Rice, a premium variety, with major destinations including Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, UAE, USA, and Yemen.
Ban on Non-Basmati Rice Exports:
- In July 2023, India imposed a ban on the export of Non-Basmati White Rice to control domestic rice prices.
- However, the ban was lifted in September 2024, with the introduction of a minimum export price (MEP) of USD 490 per tonne to ensure the price stability in the domestic market.
National Cooperative Exports Limited (NCEL):

NCEL was established in 2023 as a Multi-State Cooperative Society under the Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002.
- The organization aims to serve as an umbrella body for the cooperative sector’s exports in India.
- It was promoted jointly by leading cooperatives such as GCMMF, IFFCO, NAFED, KRIBHCO, and NCDC.
- Headquarters: New Delhi
- Managing Director: Unupom Kausik
State news

Telangana’s Rythu Bharosa Scheme Expansion

The Rythu Bharosa scheme in Telangana has been expanded to provide financial assistance to all farmers cultivating crops, with the aim of enhancing agricultural support across the state.

Key Details of the Expansion
- Financial Assistance: Each eligible farmer will receive ₹7,500 per acre per crop season. This assistance will benefit around 70 lakh farmers in Telangana.
- Implementation Timeline: The government plans to launch the scheme around the Sankranti festival. Gram Sabhas will be conducted from January 5 to 7 to collect applications from eligible farmers.
- Financial Implications: The Telangana government intends to raise ₹30,000 crore in market borrowings during the last quarter of the 2024-25 financial year to fund the scheme.
Background and Evolution: Replacement of Rythu Bandhu: The Rythu Bharosa scheme replaces the earlier Rythu Bandhu scheme, which provided ₹5,000 per acre. The Congress party had raised concerns over the misuse of funds under the previous scheme, where ineligible beneficiaries received excess payments. The new scheme focuses only on lands that are actively cultivated to avoid such issues.

Implementation Strategy: A Cabinet sub-committee, led by Deputy Chief Minister Mallu Bhatti Vikramarka, has finalized a report to ensure that only genuine farmers receive benefits, thus preventing leakages and misuse of funds.

Financial Management
- The government plans to raise ₹30,000 crore in market borrowings during the final quarter of 2024-25, which will be raised in three tranches of ₹10,000 crore each.
- The Reserve Bank of India will conduct securities auctions every Tuesday during this period.
Government Borrowing Restrictions

The Union Finance Ministry has placed limits on state borrowings due to financial management concerns. Although the Telangana government initially projected borrowings exceeding ₹61,000 crore, this figure was revised to ₹49,255 crore. By the end of November 2024, the state had borrowed ₹37,850 crore, with additional borrowings planned for December.

The final approval for exceeding the borrowing ceiling lies with the Government of India, and the finance department has not disclosed whether such approval has been granted.

Telangana:
- Capital: Hyderabad
- Chief minister: Revanth Reddy
- Governor: Jishnu Dev Varma
Assam’s Elephant Population Sees 7-Year Rise

Assam’s Elephant Population Estimate for 2024 reveals a positive growth, with an estimated 5,828 elephants, marking an increase of 109 elephants from the previous count of 5,719 in 2017. This estimate, conducted through a synchronized survey, underscores the stability of Assam’s elephant population despite challenges such as habitat fragmentation and human-elephant conflicts.

Key Findings:

Total Elephant Population: Estimated at 5,828, showing a rise of 109 elephants from 2017 (5,719).

Estimation Process:
- The survey was conducted from February 20-27, 2024.
- It involved 5,743 personnel across 1,536 survey blocks in 43 forest divisions.
Population Distribution:
- 82% (4,777 elephants) are found in five Elephant Reserves.
- 68% of the population resides in protected areas.
- 30.4% are in managed forests.
- 1.6% are located in revenue areas.
Elephant Density:
- Chirang-Ripu Reserve recorded the highest density with 79 elephants per 100 sq. km.
- Dhansiri-Lungding Reserve recorded the lowest density at 6 elephants per 100 sq. km.
Reproduction and Gender Ratios:

Female to Calf Ratio: There are 49 calves per 100 adult females, indicating healthy reproduction rates.

Tusker-to-Makhna Ratio: Improved from 1:2.63 (2017) to 1:1.97 (2024).

Conservation Challenges:
- Habitat Degradation and Fragmentation: Particularly in reserves like Dhansiri-Lungding, where habitat is degrading.
- Human-Elephant Conflicts: Increased interaction with urban and agricultural areas is contributing to growing conflicts.
- Recommendations for Conservation: Strengthen anti-poaching efforts: Enhance measures to protect elephants from illegal activities.
- Undertake habitat restoration: Focus on low-density regions for better forest management.
- Secure elephant corridors: Notify and protect corridors to ensure safe movement.
- Advanced monitoring: Implement techniques like radio-telemetry to study elephant movements.
- Adaptive management strategies: Adopt flexible and long-term conservation strategies.
The findings underline the importance of strengthening conservation efforts to address the challenges elephants face while ensuring sustainable coexistence with human populations.

Assam:
- Capital: Dispur
- Chief minister: Himanta Biswa Sarma
- Governor: Lakshman Acharya
Economy news

Nomura Lowers India’s FY25 GDP Growth Forecast to 6.7%

Nomura has revised its GDP growth forecast for India in fiscal year 2025 to 6.7%, down from its earlier estimate of 6.9%. This adjustment follows a slower-than-expected growth of 6.7% in the April-June quarter of 2024, down from the 7.8% growth in the previous quarter.

Key Factors for the Downgrade:
- Government Spending: Reduced expenditure during the national elections contributed to the slowdown.
- Consumer Demand: Weak urban consumption due to high interest rates and moderating wage growth.
- Industrial Activity: Slower industrial growth, reflected in declines in passenger vehicle and commercial vehicle sales.
Comparative Outlook: Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan have maintained their forecast for India’s FY25 GDP growth at 6.5%, showing a more optimistic view compared to Nomura.

Implications and Future Outlook:
- Nomura expects easing inflation and increased government spending to help support growth in the near future.
- However, concerns over lower corporate profit growth and moderated credit growth may continue to pose challenges to the economy.
In summary, while there are some supportive factors, the overall economic outlook for India has been adjusted downwards, with Nomura taking a more cautious stance.

India Revises GDP Base Year to 2022-23

In a significant move to improve the accuracy of economic assessments, the Government of India has announced plans to update the base year for calculating Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from 2011-12 to 2022-23. This revision, the first in over a decade, is intended to better reflect the current economic landscape and structural changes.

Key Developments:
- Advisory Committee Formation: A 26-member Advisory Committee on National Accounts Statistics (ACNAS), chaired by Biswanath Goldar, has been established. The committee includes representatives from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), central and state governments, academia, and researchers. It will focus on identifying new data sources and refining the methodology for compiling the National Accounts Statistics under the revised series.
- Implementation Timeline: The revised GDP series, based on the 2022-23 base year, is expected to be implemented by early 2026. This timeline allows for thorough data collection and analysis to ensure the accuracy of the updated series.
- Rationale for Revision: Updating the base year is critical to reflect structural changes in the economy, such as shifts in consumption patterns, sectoral contributions, and the emergence of new sectors. Aligning with the economic realities of 2022-23 will enhance the precision of the GDP framework, providing a more accurate basis for policy formulation and economic analysis.
- Additional Initiatives: Alongside the base year revision, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) will introduce monthly estimates of the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) starting from January 2025. This will improve data-driven decision-making and the quality of labor market statistics.
Implications:

The revision of the base year and the introduction of monthly PLFS estimates are expected to provide policymakers, researchers, and analysts with more relevant and timely data, enhancing economic planning and decision-making.

Banking news

SBI Introduces ‘Har Ghar Lakhpati’ and ‘SBI Patrons’ Deposit Schemes

The State Bank of India (SBI) has introduced two innovative deposit schemes, ‘Har Ghar Lakhpati’ and ‘SBI Patrons,’ designed to enhance financial inclusion and cater to diverse customer needs.

1. Har Ghar Lakhpati: Pre-Calculated Recurring Deposit Scheme

Objective: The scheme is designed to help customers accumulate ₹1 lakh or multiples thereof, simplifying the process of achieving financial goals.

Key Features:
- Available to minors, promoting early financial planning.
- Helps customers save consistently and meet their financial aspirations with pre-calculated deposits.
- Offers flexible tenures: 12 months (1 year) to 120 months (10 years).
- Interest rates: Aligned with the rates offered for fixed deposits.
2. SBI Patrons: Specialized Fixed Deposit for Senior Citizens

Objective: Tailored for senior citizens aged 80 years and above, this scheme offers enhanced interest rates, reflecting SBI’s commitment to rewarding long-standing relationships with its customers.

Key Features:

Eligibility: Available to both existing and new term deposit customers.

Interest Rates: Senior citizens receive an additional 10 basis points (bps) over the regular rates.
- Above 1 year: 6.80%
- Above 2 years: 7%
- Above 3 years to less than 5 years: 6.75%
For 5-10 years: 6.5%

Strategic Objectives of SBI’s Deposit Schemes:
- Enhance Financial Inclusion: Offering products that cater to specific customer segments such as minors and senior citizens.
- Strengthen Market Leadership: Reinforcing SBI’s position as a leading provider of deposit products.
- Goal-Oriented Savings: Providing tailored, goal-driven deposit products that meet customers’ financial aspirations.
SBI’s Vision: SBI’s Chairman CS Setty highlighted the bank’s commitment to innovation and technology, emphasizing that these deposit schemes are part of SBI’s broader efforts to empower customers and contribute to India’s journey towards becoming a developed nation by 2047.

RBI Approves Merger of National and Cosmos Co-operative Banks

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has approved the merger of National Co-operative Bank (Bangalore) with Cosmos Co-operative Bank (Maharashtra), effective January 6, 2025. This merger is a significant move as part of ongoing efforts to consolidate the banking sector in India, particularly within the co-operative banking space.

Key Points of the Merger:
- RBI Approval: The merger has been sanctioned by the RBI under the powers conferred by Sub-Section (4) of Section 44A and Section 56 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
- Effective Date: The merger will take effect from January 6, 2025.
Branch Operations Post-Merger:

All 13 branches of National Co-operative Bank in Karnataka will continue to operate but will now function as branches of Cosmos Co-operative Bank.

Previous Mergers: In FY24, Maratha Sahakari Bank and Sahebrao Deshmukh Sahakari Bank were also merged with Cosmos Co-operative Bank.

RBI Restrictions on National Co-operative Bank: In July 2023, the RBI imposed restrictions on National Co-operative Bank due to its weak financial performance, including a limit on deposit withdrawals to ₹50,000 per account. These restrictions were extended up to January 24, 2025.

Merger Rationale: The merger aims to strengthen the financial health and operational reach of both banks. It is part of broader efforts to streamline and improve the efficiency of the co-operative banking sector in India, ensuring better services and sustainability.

This merger is seen as a step forward in India’s ongoing banking sector consolidation, enhancing the resilience and competitiveness of co-operative banks.

SBI Enhances NRI Account Opening with TAB-Based Digital Onboarding

The State Bank of India (SBI) has launched a TAB-based end-to-end digital onboarding process for Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) to streamline the opening of Non-Resident External (NRE) and Non-Resident Ordinary (NRO) accounts. This initiative, introduced on January 2, 2025, eliminates the need for physical paperwork and aims to speed up the account opening process through digital document verification.

Key Features of the New Digital Onboarding Process:
- Digital Document Verification: The process allows for the digital verification of documents, reducing paperwork and increasing operational efficiency.
- Availability Across Branches: This service is available at SBI branches across India and select foreign offices, providing more access points for NRIs.
- Enhanced Customer Convenience: The bank leverages technology to offer a seamless, efficient account-opening experience, making it easier for NRIs to manage their finances.
- Real-Time Application Tracking: Customers can track the status of their applications in real time, ensuring transparency throughout the process.
- Integration with e-KYC Services: The onboarding process integrates e-KYC services to verify identity and address details via UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India). This increases security and accuracy in customer verification.
SBI’s Commitment to Digital Banking: This initiative reflects SBI’s commitment to using advanced technology in its banking services, aiming to set new standards for global banking efficiency and accessibility. By eliminating physical paperwork, the bank continues to modernize and enhance its customer service.

Historical Context and Evolution: SBI’s adoption of digital solutions for onboarding started in 2013 with the launch of Tab Banking for resident Indian customers, enabling representatives to visit customers and complete account formalities using tablets. This new initiative for NRIs marks a further evolution of SBI’s digital banking services.

RBI Reports 98.12% of ₹2,000 Notes Returned

As of December 31, 2024, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reported that 98.12% of the ₹2,000 denomination banknotes have been returned to the banking system, with a remaining ₹6,691 crore still held by the public.

Background: On May 19, 2023, the RBI announced the withdrawal of ₹2,000 banknotes from circulation. At that time, the total value of these notes in circulation was ₹3.56 lakh crore.

By the end of 2024, this amount had significantly dropped to ₹6,691 crore, indicating a strong return of currency to the banking system.

Public Exchange Facilities:
- The RBI allowed deposit and exchange of ₹2,000 notes at all bank branches until October 7, 2023.
- After October 7, 2023, exchange facilities were available only at the 19 issue offices of the RBI, located across major cities in India. These offices also began accepting ₹2,000 notes for deposit from individuals and entities starting October 9, 2023.
- The public could also send ₹2,000 notes through India Post from any post office to any RBI issue office for credit to their bank accounts.
Current Status:
- As of December 31, 2024, ₹6,691 crore worth of ₹2,000 banknotes remained with the public.
- The RBI continues to accept these notes at its 19 issue offices across Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Belapur, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Chandigarh, Chennai, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Jammu, Kanpur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, New Delhi, Patna, and Thiruvananthapuram.
- This marks a significant phase in the currency withdrawal process, with a large percentage of ₹2,000 notes already returned to the banking system.
Award news

Odia Poet Prativa Satpathy to Receive Gangadhar National Award

The prestigious Gangadhar National Award for Poetry 2023 will be presented to Prativa Satpathy, a renowned Odia poet, by Sambalpur University on its 58th foundation day on January 5, 2025. The award, instituted in 1989, honors exceptional contributions to the field of poetry and is named after the eminent Odia poet Gangadhar Meher.

Key Points:

Recipient: Prativa Satpathy, a distinguished Odia poet and winner of the Sahitya Akademi Award, will be recognized for her significant contribution to poetry.

Award Ceremony: The award will be presented during Sambalpur University’s 58th foundation day celebrations on January 5, 2025.

Award History:
- Establishment: The Gangadhar National Award was created in 1989 and was first presented in 1991. It is awarded annually during the foundation day celebrations of Sambalpur University.
- Award Details: The award includes a citation, a shawl, and a cash prize of ₹1,00,000.
- Previous Recipients: Notable poets who have received the award include Gulzar, Kedar Nath Singh, and Ayyapa Panikar.
About Prativa Satpathy:
- Literary Career: Prativa Satpathy gained prominence in the 1960s with her poem ‘Sesha Janha’.
- Translations: Her works have been translated into various Indian and foreign languages.
- Recognition: In addition to the Gangadhar National Award, she is the recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award for her contribution to literature.
Award Criteria:

The Gangadhar National Award is conferred for excellence in poetry through a thorough selection process. It recognizes poets who have made significant contributions to the literary world, particularly in the field of poetry.

The award is a prestigious recognition of the literary achievements of poets like Prativa Satpathy, who have enriched the cultural and literary landscape.

Sai Paranjpye to Receive Padmapani Lifetime Achievement Award

Sai Paranjpye, the legendary director and writer in Indian cinema, will be honored with the Padmapani Lifetime Achievement Award at the Ajanta-Ellora International Film Festival (AIFF) 2025. Known for her influential films like Sparsh, Chashme Buddoor, Katha, and Saaz, Paranjpye is considered a key figure in India’s parallel cinema movement, which flourished in the 1970s and 1980s. The award celebrates her remarkable contributions to Indian cinema and Marathi literature.

Key Points:
- Award and Event: Sai Paranjpye will receive the Padmapani Lifetime Achievement Award during the 10th edition of the AIFF.
- Event Dates and Location: The festival will be held from January 15 to 19, 2025, in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar. The award will be presented at the opening ceremony on January 15 at the Rukmini Auditorium, MGM University Campus.
Contribution to Cinema:
- Paranjpye is known for her slice-of-life films, with a legacy of exploring real, relatable stories through films such as Sparsh, Chashme Buddoor, Katha, and Saaz.
- She was a prominent figure in the parallel cinema movement, working alongside Shyam Benegal, Govind Nihalani, and Mani Kaul.
- Apart from films, she has also contributed significantly to Marathi literature through her plays, including Jaswandi, Sakkhe Shejari, and Albel.
Career Highlights:
- Paranjpye, now 86 years old, has won four National Awards in recognition of her cinematic achievements.
- She served as the Chairperson of the Children’s Film Society of India (CFSI) twice.
- In 2006, she was awarded the Padma Bhushan for her contributions to Indian cinema.
- Paranjpye is also a graduate of Delhi’s National School of Drama.
Award Details:
- The Padmapani Lifetime Achievement Award will include a Padmapani memento, a letter of honour, and a monetary reward of ₹2 lakh.
- The Padmapani Award Selection Committee includes prominent figures such as Latika Padgaonkar (chairperson), Ashutosh Gowariker, and Sunil Sukthankar.
Ranks and report news

Decline in Student Enrolment: UDISE+ Report 2023-24

The Ministry of Education’s Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+) report for 2023-24 reveals a significant decline in student enrolment, marking a shift from the stable trends of previous years.

What is UDISE+?

The Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+) is an online data collection system introduced in 2018-19 by the Department of School Education & Literacy. It replaced the manual, paper-based data collection process, improving data capture, mapping, and verification.

Key Findings:

Overall Enrolment Decline:
- The total student enrolment has decreased to 24.8 crore in 2023-24, a drop of over one crore compared to previous years.
- This represents a 6% decline from 26.02 crore recorded in 2018-19.
Gender-wise Enrolment Trends:
- Boys: Enrolment fell from 13.53 crore in 2018-19 to 12.87 crore in 2023-24, marking a 4.87% decline.
- Girls: Enrolment decreased from 12.49 crore in 2018-19 to 11.93 crore in 2023-24, a 4.48% decline.
Regional Variations:
- Bihar: Enrolment dropped from over 2.49 crore in 2018-19 to over 2.13 crore in 2023-24, a decrease of 35.65 lakh students.
- Uttar Pradesh: Enrolment fell from 4.44 crore in 2018-19 to 4.16 crore in 2023-24, a reduction of 28.26 lakh students.
- Maharashtra: Enrolment decreased from over 2.32 crore in 2018-19 to 2.13 crore in 2023-24, a decline of 18.55 lakh students.
School Infrastructure:
- 90%+ of schools have basic amenities like electricity and gender-specific toilets.
- 57.2% of schools have functional computers.
- 53.9% of schools have internet access.
- 52.3% of schools are equipped with ramps.
Implications:

The substantial drop in enrolment raises concerns regarding the effectiveness of current educational policies and the need for targeted interventions. The data collected through UDISE+ will be vital in guiding future strategies aimed at improving student enrolment and retention rates across various states and demographics, and addressing regional disparities and infrastructure challenges.

Science and tech news

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) Outbreak in China

China is currently experiencing a significant increase in cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), sparking concerns about a potential health crisis. Hospitals are becoming overcrowded, and experts suggest that a combination of multiple viruses, including HMPV, influenza A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and COVID-19, may be contributing to the situation. Although some reports suggest a state of emergency, there has been no official confirmation from Chinese authorities.

Understanding HMPV

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus responsible for both upper and lower respiratory infections. It was first identified in 2001 and affects people of all ages. However, young children, elderly individuals, and those with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable to severe infections.

Symptoms of HMPV

The symptoms of HMPV resemble those of other respiratory infections, such as the flu:
- Cough
- Fever
- Nasal congestion
- Shortness of breath
In severe cases, HMPV can lead to complications such as:
- Bronchitis
- Pneumonia
- The incubation period typically lasts between three to six days, with symptom duration varying based on the severity of the infection.
Transmission of HMPV

HMPV spreads in similar ways to other respiratory viruses:
- Through respiratory secretions from coughing and sneezing.
- Close personal contact, such as handshaking or touching.
- Contact with contaminated surfaces (e.g., doorknobs, toys) followed by touching the face (mouth, nose, or eyes).
High-Risk Groups

Certain populations are more likely to develop severe infections:
- Young children
- Older adults
- Individuals with compromised immune systems (e.g., cancer patients, organ transplant recipients).
- When to Seek Medical Attention
Important days

DRDO’s 67th Foundation Day

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) celebrated its 67th Foundation Day on January 2, 2025. Since its establishment in 1958, DRDO has expanded from a small organization with just 10 laboratories to a vast network of around 52 laboratories and 5 DRDO Young Scientist Laboratories (DYSLs) across India. These laboratories work on advanced defence technologies in areas such as missiles, aircraft, combat vehicles, naval systems, electronics, and life sciences.

Key Highlights of the Event:
- Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh visited the DRDO Headquarters in New Delhi, where he interacted with senior scientists and officials.
- Shri Rajnath Singh praised DRDO for its achievements and called for increased collaboration with the private sector and start-ups to boost indigenous defence capabilities.
- Raksha Rajya Mantri Shri Sanjay Seth and DRDO Chairman Dr. Samir V. Kamat were also present during the celebrations.
Key Achievements of DRDO:

Mission: Empowering India’s Defense
- DRDO’s core mission is to provide India’s armed forces with cutting-edge defence technologies and ensure self-reliance in critical defence systems.
- Focus on reducing reliance on foreign imports.
Significant Contributions:
- Agni and Prithvi missile series: Capable of carrying nuclear warheads.
- Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas: India’s first indigenous fighter jet.
- Arjun Main Battle Tank: Advanced tank designed and developed by DRDO.
- INS Arihant: India’s first nuclear-powered submarine.
Advanced radars and electronic warfare systems.

Development of critical medical technologies and remote sensing technologies.

Future Endeavours: DRDO is working on cutting-edge technologies to ensure that India remains at the forefront of defence advancements, including:
- Hypersonic missiles.
- Directed energy weapons.
- Artificial intelligence.
- 5G networks for the Indian military.
- Quantum computing.
Vision for the Future:
- Shri Rajnath Singh declared 2025 as the ‘Year of Reforms’, underscoring DRDO’s pivotal role in meeting the country’s defence needs.
- He emphasized the importance of completing 2-3 critical projects by 2025, with the goal of 100 projects completed by the next Foundation Day.
World Braille Day: Celebrating Inclusivity and Accessibility

World Braille Day, observed annually on January 4, marks the birth anniversary of Louis Braille, the inventor of the Braille system. Recognized by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 2018, the day highlights the importance of Braille in promoting literacy, independence, and inclusivity for visually impaired individuals.

Key Points:

Background and History:
- Date: January 4 (Louis Braille’s birth anniversary).
- First Observed: January 4, 2019.
- UN Recognition: Declared by the UNGA in November 2018.
- Purpose: To raise awareness about the importance of Braille as a communication tool and a means to ensure human rights for blind and visually impaired individuals.
Who Was Louis Braille?
- Born: 1809 in Coupvray, France.
- Invention: Braille lost his eyesight due to an accident at a young age and, at 15, developed the Braille system.
- Inspiration: The system was inspired by a military night-writing code.
- Impact: His six-dot tactile system has become the universal medium for visually impaired people to read and write effectively.
Significance of Braille:
- Empowerment: Braille represents independence, literacy, and equality for visually impaired individuals.
- Access to Opportunities: It provides access to education, information, and employment, enabling people to lead dignified lives.
- Inclusivity: Literacy through Braille helps bridge the gap towards a more inclusive society.
Challenges in Braille Access:
- Lack of Resources: Many visually impaired individuals around the world face difficulties in accessing Braille materials.
- Developing Nations: Countries with fewer resources struggle with limited availability of Braille books, learning materials, and assistive technologies.
- Awareness and Funding: Insufficient funding and low awareness hinder the widespread adoption and accessibility of Braille.
January 6, 2025
3rd January 2025 current affairs
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National news

India’s first coastal and wader bird census in Jamnagar, Gujarat

India’s first coastal and wader bird census will be conducted from January 3 to 5, 2025, in the Marine National Park and Marine Sanctuary in Jamnagar, Gujarat. The census is being organized by the Gujarat government’s Forest Department in collaboration with the Bird Conservation Society Gujarat (BCSG).

Key Features of the Census:
- Day 1: Speeches by wildlife and forest experts.
- Day 2: Bird counting.
- Day 3: Knowledge sharing and closing ceremony.
About the Marine National Park and Marine Sanctuary:
- Marine Sanctuary: Established in 1980, covering 458 sq km.
- Marine National Park: Established in 1982, covering 163 sq km.
- Located in the Gulf of Kutch, it includes 42 tropical islands along the northern coast of Jamnagar and southern coast of Kutch.
Geographical Features:
- The sanctuary lies in the intertidal zone, where the sea meets the land at high and low tides.
- The area is rich in coral reefs, home to 52 coral species.
Bird Species:
- The sanctuary, with its mangrove forests, serves as a nesting area for wader birds like Painted Stork, Darter, Black-necked Ibis, Avocets, and Phalaropes.
- It also hosts fish-catching birds such as Gulls, Terns, Kingfishers, Osprey, Marsh Harrier, and Palla’s Fish Eagle.
- Part of the Central Asian Migratory Birds Flyway.
Gujarat:
- Capital: Gandhinagar
- Governor: Acharya Devvrat
- Chief minister: Bhupendra Patel
Government extends Agriculture Crop insurance scheme till 2025-26

In a boost to the agricultural sector in the country, the government of India has approved several policy decisions including the extension of the major crop insurance scheme- Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme and Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana.
- The government has also approved the creation of FIAT to fund research and development projects in the agricultural sector like YES-TECH, and WINDS.
- The decision was taken in a meeting of the Union cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 1 January 2025.
Extension of the Crop Insurance Scheme : The central government has extended the central sector crop insurance scheme –Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana and Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme by one year till 2025-26.

Key Decisions:

Extension of Crop Insurance Schemes:
- The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) and Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme have been extended for one more year, until 2025-26.
- The total allocation for both schemes from 2021-22 to 2025-26 is Rs. 69,515.71 crore.
- PMFBY compensates farmers for crop loss due to unforeseen conditions.
- Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme insures against crop loss due to adverse weather conditions like rainfall, temperature, frost, and humidity.
Creation of Fund for Innovation and Technology (FIAT):
- The government has approved the establishment of FIAT with a corpus of Rs. 824.77 crore.
- FIAT will fund research and development projects such as YES-TECH and WINDS.
Key Initiatives Under FIAT:

YES-TECH (Yield Estimation System using Technology):
- Uses remote sensing technology to estimate crop yields.
- The General Crop Estimation Survey (GCES) will give a 30% weightage to YES-TECH.
- Implemented in 9 states, with Madhya Pradesh adopting 100% technology-based estimation.
WINDS (Weather Information and Network Data Systems):
- Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) will be set up at the block level, and Automatic Rain Gauges (ARGs) at the panchayat level for data collection.
- WINDS is being implemented in 9 states, including Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, and more.
- The central government will fund 90% of the cost, with states covering the remaining 10%.
International news

Sevdalinka: UNESCO Recognition Highlights Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Intangible Cultural Heritage

In December 2024, Sevdalinka, a melancholic and ancient love song from Bosnia and Herzegovina, was added to the UNESCO National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH). This recognition highlights the importance of safeguarding and celebrating this cultural tradition on a national and international level.

Key Features of Sevdalinka:
- Historical Roots: Dates back to the 16th century, making it a deeply rooted tradition in the region.
- Emotional Depth: Often referred to as the ‘Balkan blues’ for its soulful melodies and poignant themes.
- Cultural Significance: Represents the rich cultural and artistic heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Understanding Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH):
- Definition: ICH includes practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, and skills that communities and individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage.
- Purpose: Safeguarding ICH ensures the preservation of cultural diversity and traditions for future generations.
About Bosnia and Herzegovina:
- President: Denis Bećirović
- Prime Minister: Nermin Nikšić
- Capital: Sarajevo
- Currency: Bosnia-Herzegovina Convertible Mark (BAM)
This recognition by UNESCO reinforces the global appreciation for Sevdalinka as a vital component of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s cultural identity.

Tourist Tax Rolled Out in Russia From Jan. 1

Russia has introduced a new tourist tax, effective January 1, 2025, replacing the previous resort fee. This tax is designed to enhance regional tourism infrastructure and support local economies. The phased tax plan will begin with a 1% levy on lodging costs, increasing to 3% by 2027.

Key Details:

Implementation Date: Effective from January 1, 2025.

Tax Rates:
- Starts at 1% of lodging costs in 2025.
- Gradually increases to 3% by 2027.
- Minimum daily charge set at 100 rubles (approximately 0.9 USD).
Purpose: To strengthen regional tourism infrastructure and support local economies.

Legislative Background:
- Introduced via amendments to the Russian Tax Code in July 2024.
- A new chapter titled “Tourist Tax” was added to the code.
Regional Discretion:
- Regional authorities can implement the tax as a local levy.
- The tax is expected to be widely adopted by regions with thriving or emerging tourism sectors.
Collection Mechanism:
- The tax will be paid by hotels and lodging providers, incorporated into accommodation prices.
- The cost of the tax will ultimately be borne by tourists.
Transition from Resort Fee: This new tourist tax replaces the earlier resort fee, providing a more structured and scalable framework for tourism funding.

Russia:
- Capital: Moscow
- Currency: Russian Ruble
- Continent: Europe, Asia
- Official language: Russian
- Prime minister: Mikhail Mishustin
Economy news

Ramesh Chand to head the Working Group on the revision of WPI Base

The Government of India has formed a Working Group to revise the base year of the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) and recommend a roadmap for transitioning to the Producer Price Index (PPI).

Key Points:
- Base Year Change: The base year for WPI will shift from 2011-12 to 2022-23.
- Notification Date: The government issued this notification on 2 January 2025.
Working Group Composition:
- Chairperson: Professor Ramesh Chand (NITI Aayog member).
- Members: 16 others, with the Deputy Director General of DPIIT acting as the Member Secretary.
- Report Deadline: The Working Group is expected to submit its report to the Office of the Economic Adviser at the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) within 18 months.
Terms of Reference for the Working Group:
- Commodities for WPI/PPI: Suggest commodities to include in WPI and PPI with the new base year, considering structural changes in the economy.
- Price Collection System: Review and propose changes in the existing system of price collection.
- Computational Methodology: Suggest methodologies for computing WPI/PPI.
- PPI Compilation Methodology: Examine the Technical Advisory Committee’s methodology for PPI and recommend any changes.
- Transition Roadmap: Recommend a plan for transitioning from WPI to PPI.
- Reliability of Data: Suggest improvements to increase the reliability of WPI/PPI data.
Overview of Current Indices:

WPI (Wholesale Price Index):
- Measures the average wholesale prices of goods at the producer level.
- Excludes taxes, trade discounts, transport charges, and services.
- Used to calculate real GDP.
- Published monthly by DPIIT, Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
CPI (Consumer Price Index):
- Measures the average price of goods and services consumed by households (retail inflation).
- Used to target inflation, revise wages, and determine dearness allowances.
- Published monthly by NSO, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
PPI (Producer Price Index) (Proposed):
- Measures wholesale prices at different production stages.
- Includes the service sector, which is absent from WPI.
- Commonly used in developed countries to track economic activity.
- Aims to improve upon the current WPI methodology for better tracking of price changes.
India Achieves 36% Reduction in GDP Emission Intensity from 2005 to 2020

India has made significant strides in decoupling economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions, achieving a 36% reduction in GDP emission intensity between 2005 and 2020. This progress aligns with the nation’s climate action targets under the Paris Agreement.

Key Highlights

Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions

In 2020, India’s total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF), were 2,959 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e). Including LULUCF, emissions stood at 2,437 MtCO2e. This represents a 7.93% decrease compared to 2019 but a 98.34% increase since 1994.

Emission Intensity Reduction: The 36% decline in emission intensity of GDP from 2005 to 2020 indicates India’s success in reducing emissions relative to economic growth. This positions the country on track to meet its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target of a 45% reduction by 2030.

Non-Fossil Fuel Energy Capacity: As of October 2024, non-fossil fuel sources accounted for 46.52% of India’s installed electricity generation capacity. The cumulative renewable power installed capacity, including large hydro projects, reached 203.2 gigawatts (GW). This progress supports India’s NDC goal of achieving 50% cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030.

Carbon Sink Enhancement: Between 2005 and 2021, India created an additional carbon sink of 2.29 billion tonnes through forest and tree cover, contributing to its commitment of generating an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes by 2030.

Sectoral Emissions Breakdown (2020)
- Energy Sector: Contributed 75.66% of total emissions.
- Agriculture: Accounted for 13.72%.
- Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU): Made up 8.06%.
- Waste: Comprised 2.56%.
Banking news

RBI Introduces New Guidelines for Bank Account Management and Fixed Deposits from January 2025

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued new guidelines effective from January 1, 2025, aimed at improving banking security and operational efficiency while mitigating fraud.

Closure of Specific Bank Accounts:

The guidelines mandate the closure of three types of bank accounts:
- Dormant Accounts
- Inactive Accounts
- Zero Balance Accounts
This measure is expected to enhance security and optimize banking operations.

Revised Guidelines for Fixed Deposits (FDs) with NBFCs and HFCs: The RBI also introduced new rules for premature withdrawals from FDs with Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) and Housing Finance Companies (HFCs). The key provisions are:

For Small Deposits (up to ₹10,000):

Withdrawals Allowed: Full withdrawal permitted within three months of deposit.

Interest: No interest will be paid on these withdrawals.

For Larger Deposits (above ₹10,000):
- Partial Withdrawals: Allowed up to 50% of the principal amount or ₹5 lakh, whichever is lower, within three months of deposit.
- Interest: No interest will be provided on these partial withdrawals.
These changes reflect RBI’s continued efforts to balance depositor flexibility with the operational needs of financial institutions, ensuring a safer and more efficient banking environment.

Ranks and report news

India’s Readiness to Tackle Aging Population: Ranked 123rd Globally

A study published in the renowned medical journal Nature Aging has ranked India 123rd out of 143 countries on the Global Aging Index. The index, which evaluates the readiness of nations to address the challenges of an aging population, underscores the urgency for India to prepare for its demographic transition.

Global Rankings:

Top Performers:

Switzerland:
- Secured the 1st position with the highest score of 82.3.
- Norway: Ranked 2nd.
- Denmark: Ranked 3rd.
Lowest Rankings:
- Rwanda: Ranked 143rd (last), with a score of 36.6.
- Followed by Togo (142nd), Afghanistan (141st), Benin (140th), and Malawi (139th).
India’s Demographic Profile:

Current Youth Dominance:
- Over 50% of India’s population is below the age of 25.
- Over 65% is below the age of 35, making India the youngest country in the world.
Future Outlook: India is poised to have the largest senior citizen population globally in the coming decades, necessitating robust aging-related policies.

About the Global Aging Index:

Developed by researchers from:
- National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore.
- Columbia University, New York, USA.
The index evaluates countries on parameters that measure their preparedness for the social, economic, and healthcare challenges posed by aging populations.

Science and tech news

Mission MAUSAM: Enhancing India’s Weather and Climate Readiness

Mission MAUSAM is a flagship initiative by the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) aimed at making India “Weather Ready” and “Climate Smart” by 2026. The program positions India as a global leader in weather and climate sciences while adhering to international standards. Approved by the Union Cabinet in September 2024, it has a total budget outlay of Rs 2,000 crore for two years.

Key Objectives:

Infrastructure Expansion:
- Installation of 50 Doppler Weather Radars (DWR).
- Setup of 60 Radio Sonde/Radio Wind (RS/RW) stations, 100 disdrometers, 10 wind profilers, and 25 radiometers.
- Development of 1 urban test-bed, 1 process test-bed, 1 ocean research station, and 10 marine automatic weather stations with upper air observation.
Institutional Implementation:
- Implemented by MoES through its premier institutions:
- India Meteorological Department (IMD), New Delhi.
- National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), Noida, Uttar Pradesh.
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, Maharashtra.
Collaborative Support:

Backed by allied institutions of MoES:
- Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad, Telangana.
- National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
Significance:
- Transformative Initiative: Boosts India’s capacity for weather and climate-related sciences and services.
- Global Standards: Aligns India’s weather preparedness with international benchmarks.
- Union Minister of MoES: Dr. Jitendra Singh, Minister of State (Independent Charge), Constituency: Udhampur, Jammu & Kashmir.
Ranks and report news

India’s Coffee Exports Surge to Record High in FY24

India’s coffee exports have reached a new milestone, achieving a record $1.14 billion between April and November in FY24, representing a 29% increase compared to the same period last year. This surge in exports has been driven by a combination of rising global demand for Robusta coffee and supply chain disruptions in major coffee-producing countries like Brazil and Vietnam. Additionally, India’s high-quality coffee, particularly from Karnataka, has found strong demand in premium global markets.

Key Highlights:

Export Growth:
- Record exports: $1.14 billion in April-November FY24, up 29% from FY23 ($803.8 million).
- Total exports for FY24: Increased by 12.22%, reaching $1.28 billion.
- Major export markets: Italy, Russia, UAE, Germany, and Turkey.
Factors Driving Growth:

Rising Robusta Prices: Prices reached a peak of $4,667 per metric ton, a 63% increase from the previous year.

Supply Challenges in Competitor Nations:
- Brazil’s coffee production decreased due to droughts and high temperatures.
- Vietnam’s coffee yields are below historic levels.
- EU Deforestation Regulation: The regulation, which will be enforced in December 2024, prompted stockpiling of coffee, increasing demand for Indian coffee.
India’s Coffee Global Standing:
- India ranks as the 8th largest coffee producer globally.
- The country produces two main types of coffee:
- Arabica: Known for its mild, aromatic flavor and premium market value.
- Robusta: Known for its stronger flavor and commonly used in blends, accounting for 72% of India’s total coffee production.
- India is the 5th largest producer of Robusta coffee globally.
Regional Contributions:
- Karnataka is the largest coffee producer, contributing 71% of India’s coffee.
- Kerala follows as the second-largest producer, contributing 20%.
- Tamil Nadu contributes 5%, with Nilgiri district known for its Arabica coffee.
- Smaller contributions come from Odisha and the northeastern states.
Economic Impact:
- Coffee cultivation provides direct employment to over 2 million people.
- The export-oriented production helps minimize the impact of domestic consumption trends on the coffee industry.
Challenges Ahead: The EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), aimed at preventing imports linked to deforested lands, may challenge India’s coffee exports by increasing costs and complicating the $1.3 billion agricultural export market.

Appointment news

Sanjiv Ranjan Appointed Secretary General of IORA

In a significant diplomatic move, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) announced in December 2024 the appointment of Senior IFS Officer Sanjiv Ranjan as the Secretary General of the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) Secretariat in Ebene, Mauritius. He succeeds Salman Al-Farisi of Indonesia.

About Sanjiv Ranjan:

Indian Foreign Service (IFS): Joined the IFS in 1993, building a distinguished career in diplomacy, focusing on multilateral and bilateral cooperation.

Key Diplomatic Assignments (1995–2009):
- Held positions in Madrid (Spain) and Lima (Peru).
- Represented India at the Permanent Mission of India in New York, USA.
- Served as Deputy High Commissioner of India to Mauritius (2006–2009).
About IORA:
The Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) is an intergovernmental organization aimed at promoting sustainable development and regional cooperation among countries bordering the Indian Ocean. The Secretariat is based in Ebene, Mauritius.

Sanjiv Ranjan’s extensive experience in multilateral diplomacy is expected to enhance IORA’s objectives of fostering regional collaboration and growth.

Bhuvnesh Kumar new CEO of the UIDAI

Bhuvnesh Kumar, a 1995 batch IAS officer from the Uttar Pradesh cadre, took over as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) on 2 January 2025.
- Previous Position: Bhuvnesh Kumar replaces Amit Aggarwal, who has been appointed as the Secretary of the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India.
- Additional Role: Along with his role as CEO of UIDAI, Bhuvnesh Kumar will also serve as the Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India.
About Bhuvnesh Kumar:

Bhuvnesh Kumar has held several key positions in the Uttar Pradesh government, including:
- Principal Secretary in the Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development, and Fisheries.
- Secretary of Finance, MSME, Technical Education, and Divisional Commissioner in the Department of Land Revenue.
About UIDAI:
- Establishment: UIDAI was set up in 2009 by the central government under the Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog).
- Statutory Body: It became a statutory body in 2016 under the Aadhaar Act.
- Current Ministry: UIDAI is currently under the Union Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
- Functions: UIDAI is responsible for issuing Unique Identification numbers (Aadhaar) to Indian residents and managing the Aadhaar enrolment and authentication processes.
About Aadhaar:
- Definition: Aadhaar is a 12-digit alphanumeric biometric number used as proof of identity and residence for Indian residents.
- Eligibility: A person who has resided in India for at least 182 days in the previous 12 months can apply for Aadhaar. Non-resident Indians (NRIs) and foreign citizens who meet this criteria can also apply.
- Use: Aadhaar is mandatory for filing income tax returns in India and is widely used for various welfare and financial services.
Manish Singhal Appointed Secretary General of ASSOCHAM

The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM), one of India’s oldest apex business chambers (established in 1920), has appointed Manish Singhal as its new Secretary General. Singhal, an industry veteran with over 35 years of experience, takes over from Deepak Sood, who served for five years and transformed the chamber’s operations, leaving behind a robust financial foundation. Singhal’s career spans leadership roles in organizations like Tata Motors, Eicher (Volvo), and FICCI, where he was Deputy Secretary General.

Leadership Transition and Contributions
- Incoming Leadership: Singhal brings proven expertise in policy advocacy and international business, expected to help ASSOCHAM scale new heights.
- Outgoing Legacy: Deepak Sood is credited with revitalizing ASSOCHAM, ensuring a healthy balance sheet, and enhancing the chamber’s influence.
Strategic Focus and Advocacy

ASSOCHAM continues to advocate for policy measures that bolster India’s economic ecosystem, representing 4.5 lakh members, including large corporations and MSMEs.
- Pre-Budget Recommendations: The chamber recently suggested extending presumptive taxation to new-age businesses like data centers and cloud computing to simplify compliance and reduce tax disputes.
- MSME Growth: Recommendations include establishing MSME universities for skill development and creating Integrated Infrastructure Townships to revive industrial estate programs.
Sports news

Vaishali bags bronze in 2024 World Blitz Championship Women’s section

R. Vaishali of India won the bronze medal in the women’s section of the 2024 FIDE World Blitz Championships, adding to the gold won by Koneru Humpy in the 2024 World Rapid Championship.

For the time in the history of the World Blitz Championship, the title of the Open section was shared between two players- Magnus Carlsen and Ian Nepomniachtchi. It was the seventh title for Magnus Carlsen while the first for Ian Nepomniachtch The women’s section was won by Chinese chess player Ju Wenjun.

2024 FIDE World Blitz Championship Highlights:

Venue and Date: Held in New York City, USA, on December 30-31, 2024, following the 2024 FIDE World Rapid Championship.

Women’s Section:
- Gold: Ju Wenjun (China), who defeated Lei Tingjie (China) in the final.
- Silver: Lei Tingjie (China).
- Bronze: R. Vaishali (India), who reached the semifinals, defeating Zhu Jiner (China) in the quarterfinals but losing to Ju Wenjun.
Open Section:

Joint Winners: Magnus Carlsen (Norway) and Ian Nepomniachtchi (Russia) shared the title after a tied final (2-2 in four games and 3.5-3.5 in tiebreak). The FIDE President, Arkady Dvorkovich, approved the decision for both to be declared winners due to exhaustion.

About FIDE World Rapid and Blitz Championships:
- FIDE organizes these annual championships in the Open and Women’s sections.
- First World Rapid and Blitz Championship (Open): Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia (2013).
- First Women’s FIDE World Rapid and Blitz Championship: Batumi, Georgia (2012).
- Since 2017, both championships have been held simultaneously at the same venue.
About FIDE:
- Full Name: International Chess Federation (FIDE), established in 1924 in Paris, France.
- Headquarters: Lausanne, Switzerland.
- President: Arkady Dvorkovich (Russia).
- Deputy President: Viswanathan Anand (India).
- Members: 201 national chess federations worldwide.
National Sports Award 2024 announced get the full List

The Union Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports announced the winners of the 2024 National Sports Awards on 2 January 2025. The award ceremony will be held at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi on 17 January 2025, where President Droupadi Murmu will felicitate the winners.

About the National Sports Award: The National Sports Award consists of the following categories:
- Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award (the highest sports award in India)
- Arjuna Award
- Dronacharya Award
- Major Dhyan Chand Award
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy
Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar

Except for the Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar, which is given for promoting sports, all other awards are presented to individual sports persons or coaches.

List of Winners of the 2024 National Sports Award:

1. Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award Winners:
- Gukesh D (Chess)
- Harmanpreet Singh (Hockey)
- Praveen Kumar (Para-Athletics)
- Manu Bhaker (Shooting)
2. Arjuna Award Winners:
- Jyothi Yarraji (Athletics)
- Annu Rani (Athletics)
- Nitu Ghanghas (Boxing)
- Saweety Boora (Boxing)
- Vantika Agrawal (Chess)
- Salima Tete (Hockey)
- Abhishek (Hockey)
- Sanjay (Hockey)
- Jarmanpreet Singh (Hockey)
- Sukhjeet Singh (Hockey)
- Rakesh Kumar (Para-Archery)
- Preeti Pal (Para-Athletics)
- Jeevanji Deepthi (Para-Athletics)
- Ajeet Singh (Para-Athletics)
- Sachin Sarjerao Khilari (Para-Athletics)
- Dharambir (Para-Athletics)
- Pranav Soorma (Para-Athletics)
- Hokato Hotozhe Sema (Para-Athletics)
- Simran Sharma (Para-Athletics)
- Navdeep Singh (Para-Athletics)
- Nitesh Kumar (Para-Badminton)
- Thulasimathi Murugesan (Para-Badminton)
- Nithya Sre Sivan (Para-Badminton)
- Manisha Ramadass (Para-Badminton)
- Kapil Parmar (Para-Judo)
- Mona Agarwal (Para-Shooting)
- Rubina Francis (Para-Shooting)
- Swapnil Kusale (Shooting)
- Sarabjot Singh (Shooting)
- Abhay Singh (Squash)
- Sajan Prakash (Swimming)
- Aman Sehrawat (Wrestling)
3. Arjuna Awards (Lifetime) Winners:
- Sucha Singh (Athletics)
- Murlikant Petkar (Para-Swimming)
4. Dronacharya Award Winners:

Regular Category:
- Subhash Rana (Para-Shooting)
- Deepali Deshpande (Shooting)
- Sandeep Sangwan (Hockey)
Lifetime Category:
- S Muralidharan (Badminton)
- Armando Colaco (Football)
5. Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar Winner: Physical Education Foundation of India

6. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy Winners:
- Overall Winner University: Chandigarh University
- 1st Runner Up University: Lovely Professional University
- 2nd Runner Up University: Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar
Additional Award:
- The Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award winner will be announced later.
- These distinguished awards highlight the exemplary achievements in sports and honor those who have contributed significantly to the development and promotion of sports in India.
Important days news

Global Family Day: A Celebration of Unity, Love, and Peace

Global Family Day is observed every year on January 1, setting the tone for the new year by emphasizing peace, unity, and the importance of families in fostering joy and stability in our lives. The day highlights the connection between world peace, communities, and the strength of families.

History of Global Family Day:
- Proposed in November 1997: The day was inspired by the book One Day In Peace.
- UN Publication (January 1, 2000): It marked the beginning of the International Decade for the Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World.
- Formal Declaration: UN members officially declared the celebration of Global Family Day in 1999.
- Significance:
- Unity in Diversity: Celebrates harmony and mutual understanding across different cultures and communities worldwide.
- Peace Promotion: Highlights the need for peace and aims to reduce violence through awareness and action.
- Community Engagement: Encourages activities like educational webinars and local celebrations that unite people for peace.
- Global Awareness: Raises awareness of global conflicts and emphasizes the role families play in promoting peace and harmony.
Global Family Day encourages individuals and communities to take action in addressing conflicts, fostering understanding, and strengthening family bonds for a peaceful world.

Books and author news

Syed Kirmani Releases Autobiography “Stumped: Life Behind and Beyond the Twenty-Two Yards”

On December 29, 2024, legendary former Indian cricketer and wicket-keeper Syed Mujtaba Hussein Kirmani released his autobiography titled “Stumped: Life Behind and Beyond the Twenty-Two Yards” at a grand event in Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bengaluru, Karnataka.

Occasion:
- The release coincided with Kirmani’s 75th birthday.
- The book is published by Penguin Play.
Authorship:
- Authored by Syed Kirmani over five years.
- Co-authored by Debashish Sengupta and Dakshesh Pathak.
Content:
- Chronicles Kirmani’s personal and professional journey, offering a deep dive into the world of 1980s cricket.
- Features anecdotes from his 1983 ODI World Cup victory and life both on and off the field.
January 3, 2025
2nd January 2025 current affairs
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National news

India’s first glass bridge over sea inaugurated in Kanyakumari

Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M K Stalin inaugurated India’s first glass bridge over the sea in Kanyakumari on 31st December 2024. The glass bridge connects the Vivekananda Rock Memorial and the 133-foot Thiruvalluvar statue in the Kanyakumari district.

Location: Connects Vivekananda Rock Memorial and Thiruvalluvar Statue.

Specifications:
- Length: 77 meters
- Width: 10 meters
- Height: 133 feet
Purpose: Offers an alternative to ferries for tourists; boosts tourism.

Cost: ₹37 crore.

Significance: Marks the Silver Jubilee of Thiruvalluvar Statue’s unveiling.

Longest Glass Bridge in India

Location: Vagamon, Idukki district, Kerala.

Specifications:
- Length: 40 meters
- Altitude: 3600 feet.
- Longest Glass Bridge in the World
- Location: Zhangjiajie, Hunan province, China.
Specifications:
- Length: 430 meters
- Width: 6 meters
- Height: 300 meters above the ground.
Thirukkural Week Announcement: CM Stalin declared the last week of December as “Thirukkural Week” to promote poet Thiruvalluvar’s teachings.

India’s greenhouse gas emissions drop 7.93% in 2020, GDP emission intensity down by 36% since 2005

India’s efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions have borne fruit, as the country’s emissions fell by 7.93 per cent in 2020 compared to the previous year. Data submitted to the UN climate change office reveals a decline in the emission intensity of India’s GDP by 36 per cent from 2005 to 2020.

Key Achievements

Emission Reduction in 2020:
- A 7.93% decline in emissions compared to 2019.
- Total emissions in 2020: 2,959 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (excluding land use change).
Emission Intensity Decline:
- Reduction of 36% in GDP emission intensity from 2005 to 2020.
- On track to achieve a 45% reduction by 2030.
Non-Fossil Fuel Capacity Goal: Aiming for 50% of electric power capacity from non-fossil fuels by 2030.

Challenges
- Emissions increased by 98.34% since 1994.
- Energy production, agriculture, and industry remain major emission sources.
Global Reporting: India submitted its fourth Biennial Update Report (BUR-4) to the UNFCCC.

Outlook: India is successfully decoupling economic growth from emissions, maintaining its development while meeting climate commitments.

Groundwater recharge up by 15 billion cubic meters:Jal Shakti Ministry
- The Groundwater recharge in the country has increased by 15 billion cubic meters and the groundwater extraction has declined by 3 billion cubic meters from the 2017 to 2024 period.
- The latest status of the groundwater recharge in the country ending 31st December 2024 was released by the Union Ministry of Jal Shakti in its Dynamic Ground Water Resource Assessment Report 2024.
- The groundwater assessment was carried out by the Central Ground Water Board(CGWB), under the Union Jal Shakti ministry, in collaboration with the States and Union Territories.
Key Findings from the Report:
- Total Groundwater Recharge: The total annual groundwater recharge in India stands at 446.90 billion cubic meters (BCM).
- Annual Extractable Groundwater Resource: The extractable groundwater resource annually is 406.19 BCM.
- Annual Groundwater Extraction: The annual groundwater extraction for all purposes is 245.64 BCM.
- Stage of Groundwater Extraction: The average stage of groundwater extraction in India is 60.47%.
- Trends in Recharge from Tanks, Ponds, and Water Conservation Structures: There has been a consistent increase in groundwater recharge from tanks, ponds, and water conservation structures.
- From 2017 to 2024, the recharge from these sources increased by 11.36 BCM (from 13.98 BCM in 2017 to 25.34 BCM in 2024).
- Compared to 2023, there was an increase of 0.39 BCM in 2024.
Percentage of Safe Assessment Units:
- The percentage of assessment units (blocks, mandals, talukas) under the Safe category increased from 62.6% in 2017 to 73.4% in 2024 (up from 73.14% in 2023).
- Percentage of Over-Exploited Assessment Units: The percentage of over-exploited units decreased from 17.24% in 2017 to 11.13% in 2024 (down from 11.23% in 2023).
- Overall Groundwater Trends: Groundwater recharge has increased by 15 billion cubic meters, while groundwater extraction has decreased by 3 billion cubic meters from 2017 to 2024.
What is Groundwater Recharge?

Groundwater Recharge is the process by which water replenishes the underground water table. This can occur naturally through rainfall, snowmelt, or through artificial methods like rainwater harvesting. If recharge rates are lower than extraction rates, it can lead to a drop in the water table, potentially causing a water crisis.

The findings indicate that the efforts to increase groundwater recharge, such as promoting rainwater harvesting and improving water conservation infrastructure, have had positive results. However, continued attention to sustainable water management is essential to maintaining these gains.

Swiggy Partners with NSE to Empower Delivery Partners with Financial Literacy

On December , 2024, Swiggy Limited, an Indian online food delivery and e-commerce platform headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) to launch a financial literacy program for Swiggy’s delivery partners. This program focuses on empowering women in the workforce.

Key Highlights:
- Targeting Women Empowerment: Swiggy aims to have 1 lakh women delivery partners by 2030, offering them financial training led by trainers certified by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).
- Part of Broader Initiatives: The financial literacy program is a part of Swiggy’s larger efforts, including initiatives like “She the Change” and “Swiggy Skills”, aimed at promoting workforce empowerment and financial inclusion.
- Event Guest: Amruta Fadnavis, Vice-President of Axis Bank and wife of Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis, was the Chief Guest at the event.
About Swiggy:
- Founded: 2014
- MD & CEO: [Name not specified in the provided text]
- Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka
Economy news

Interest rates remain unchanged on National Small Saving Schemes

The National Small Savings Schemes are government-backed financial schemes offered to the public through post offices and certain banks. They offer secure investment options and attractive interest rates, with deposits guaranteed by the Government of India. The interest rates on these schemes are reviewed quarterly by the Ministry of Finance.

Categories of Schemes

The National Small Savings Schemes are divided into three categories:
- Post Office Deposits
- Savings Certificates
- Social Security Schemes
- Post Office Deposits & Interest Rates
Savings Accounts
- Minimum opening: ₹500 (no maximum limit)
- Interest rate: 4% per annum
- This is the only savings account not regulated by the RBI.
Recurring Deposit
- Minimum opening: ₹100, and ₹10 per month
- No maximum limit
- Interest rate: 6.7% per annum
- Maturity period: 5 years
Time Deposit Accounts

Maturity: 1 to 5 years (interest rate varies from 6.9% to 7.5% depending on the duration)

Minimum opening: ₹1000 (no maximum limit)

Principal and interest are paid at maturity

National Monthly Income Account
- Duration: 5 years
- Interest rate: 7.4% per annum (paid monthly)
- Minimum opening: ₹1000
- Maximum limit: ₹9 lakhs for single accounts, ₹15 lakhs for joint accounts
National Citizen Savings Scheme
- For persons above 60 years of age
- Minimum opening: ₹1000, Maximum: ₹30 lakhs
- Interest rate: 8.2% per annum (paid quarterly)
- Duration: 5 years
Sukanya Samridhi Yojana

For girls below 10 years of age
- Interest rate: 8.2% per annum
- Minimum opening: ₹250, Maximum: ₹1.5 lakhs per year
- Duration: 15 years, with closure after 21 years or upon marriage after 18 years of age
Use of Deposits: The funds collected from these savings schemes are pooled into the National Small Savings Fund (NSSF), which is used by the government to meet its fiscal deficit.

Banking news

YES Bank Launches ‘YES PowherUp’ Programme to Empower Women Entrepreneurs

In December 2024, YES Bank, India’s 6th largest private sector bank, in collaboration with the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) Ladies Organisation (FLO), launched ‘YES PowherUp’. This specialized MSME programme is designed to empower women entrepreneurs and support the growth of their businesses.

Key Features of ‘YES PowherUp’:
- SME Loans: Offers funding solutions with a 50% processing fee waiver for FICCI FLO members.
- YES First Business Account: Premium business accounts offering exclusive benefits for women entrepreneurs.
- Trade & Forex Solutions: Provides access to international markets with specialized trade and forex services.
- Investment Solutions: Enables beneficiaries to trade up to Rs 1.5 crore at zero brokerage for 60 days via YES Securities.
- Card Solutions: Business credit cards with low foreign currency markups for domestic and international use.
- Insurance Plans: Tailored insurance plans for asset protection, cancer coverage, and discounted term plans.
About YES Bank:
- MD & CEO: Prashant Kumar
- Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra
- Established: 2004
- Tagline: “Experience our expertise”
About FICCI Ladies Organisation (FICCI FLO):
- President: Joyshree Das Verma
- Headquarters: New Delhi, Delhi
- Established: 1983
Scheme news

Govt launches ONOS to provide seamless access to digital knowledge resources

The Government has launched the “One Nation, One Subscription” scheme starting today. This initiative aims to provide seamless access to a wide range of digital knowledge resources, including research papers, journals, and academic content, under a single subscription platform.

Key Features

Access for Government Institutions:
- 1.8 crore students from government-funded higher education institutions, including universities and IITs.
- Covers 13,400+ international journals in fields like science, technology, engineering, medicine, social sciences, and humanities.
Phased Expansion: Future phases to extend access to private educational institutions and eventually all individuals in the country.

Budget Allocation:
- ₹6,000 crore for three years.
- ₹150 crore/year for authors to publish in selected Open Access journals.
Administration: Centrally negotiated and funded through a National Consortium for electronic journal subscriptions.

Benefits
- Eliminates multiple subscription barriers.
- Ensures equitable access to global research resources.
- Promotes high-quality research and academic publication in India.
Defence news

Defence Ministry declares 2025 as ‘Year of Reforms’ to enhance combat readiness and Technological Advancements

The Ministry of Defence has declared 2025 as the Year of Reforms in order to give impetus to the on-going and future reforms in the Defence Sector.

On the eve of the New Year, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh chaired a crucial meeting with all Secretaries of the Ministry of Defence to review the progress on various key schemes, projects, and reforms.

Overview
- Objective: Accelerate ongoing and future reforms in the defence sector.
- Launch: Defence Minister Rajnath Singh chaired a review meeting with Ministry Secretaries.
- Vision: Transform the Armed Forces into a technologically advanced, combat-ready force for multi-domain integrated operations.
Key Focus Areas

Defence Modernisation:
- Adoption of technologies like Artificial Intelligence, drones, and cyber warfare.
- Enhancing defence manufacturing and infrastructure.
- Improving procurement processes.
Synergy and Integration:
- Foster cohesion between various branches of the Armed Forces.
- Strengthen public-private partnerships through technology transfer and ease of doing business.
Global Competitiveness:
- Position India as a credible exporter of defence products.
- Promote Research and Development (R&D) in defence technologies.
Welfare Measures: Optimisation of support systems for veterans.

Expected Outcomes
- Enhanced operational efficiency and preparedness.
- A robust, self-reliant defence ecosystem.
- Strengthened national security with cutting-edge technologies.
Enhancing India’s Naval Capabilities: MoD Signs Contracts for AIP and Torpedo Integration

On December 30, 2024, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) signed two major contracts worth Rs 2,867 crore to enhance the operational capabilities of India’s naval assets:

AIP Plug Construction and Integration:
- Value: Rs 1,990 crore.
- Contractor: Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL), Mumbai.
- Objective: To construct and integrate the Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) Plug for the DRDO-AIP system on Indian submarines. The AIP technology, developed by DRDO’s Naval Materials Research Laboratory (NMRL), will enhance the endurance of conventional submarines by allowing them to stay submerged longer without requiring atmospheric oxygen.
Integration of Electronic Heavy Weight Torpedo (EHWT) on Kalvari-Class Submarines:

This contract will integrate EHWT onto Kalvari-class (Scorpene) submarines, enhancing their firepower.
- Kalvari-Class Submarines: Diesel-electric attack submarines built at MDL with technology transfer from the Naval Group. Capable of conducting a variety of missions, including anti-surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare, long-range strikes, special operations, and intelligence gathering.
- Key Organizations Involved: Naval Group: CEO Pierre-Eric Pommellet; Founded in 1631; Headquarters in Paris, France.
- Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL): Chairman & Managing Director Sanjeev Singhal; Established in 1934; Headquarters in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
Science and tech news

India’s Space Economy will grow 5 times from $8.4 billion to $44 Billion by 2033: Dr. Jitendra Singh

India’s space economy is set to grow nearly five times in the next decade, from $8.4 billion to around $44 billion.

Investments: In 2023, investments in India’s space sector reached ₹1,000 crore.

Global Leadership in Space
- Space Biology: Under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership, India aims to lead in space biology.
- Foreign Exchange Earnings: India’s space sector has become a significant foreign exchange earner, with 85% of the €220 million earned through launching foreign satellites in the past 8 years.
Space Docking Experiment (SPADEX)

Achievement: ISRO’s Space Docking Experiment (SPADEX) places India alongside global leaders in space docking technology.

Significance:
- Aims to develop and demonstrate spacecraft rendezvous, docking, and undocking technologies.
- Key for future missions, including satellite servicing, space station operations, and interplanetary exploration.
Future Application: The docking system will be used in the Gaganyaan mission and India’s Space Station program.

Conclusion: India’s space sector is rapidly advancing, with significant investments and breakthroughs, positioning the country as a major global player in space technology.

Appointment news

Cherukumalli Srinivasa Rao Appointed as Director of IARI

In December 2024, Cherukumalli Srinivasa Rao, an agricultural scientist from Andhra Pradesh, was appointed as the Director of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi. He succeeded Dr. A.K. Singh, who retired in June 2024.

About Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI):
- Founded: 1905 in Pusa, Bihar; relocated to New Delhi in 1936.
- Renaming: The institute was renamed multiple times, becoming the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) after India’s independence.
- Administered by: Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
- Chairman of ICAR: Ashok Kumar Singh
- Headquarters: New Delhi, Delhi
- IARI is one of India’s premier agricultural research institutes, playing a key role in agricultural research and development.
Air Marshal Jeetendra Mishra Takes Charge As Chief of IAF’s Western Command

Air Marshal Jeetendra Mishra today assumed command of the Indian Air Force’s Western Air Command. He was Commissioned into the Indian Air Force as a fighter pilot in December 1986. In his 38 years of service, the Air Marshal has tenanted important command and staff appointments.

Career Overview of Air Marshal Jeetendra Mishra
- Commissioning: Joined the Indian Air Force in December 1986 as a fighter pilot.
- Service Tenure: 38 years of distinguished service.
- Key Roles: Held several critical command and staff positions throughout his career.
Books and author news

HM Amit Shah to preside over book release event for ‘Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh: Through the Ages’

Union Home Minister Amit Shah will preside over a book release function in New Delhi today as the Chief Guest. Union Education Minister, Dharmendra Pradhan will be the Guest of Honour. Eminent authors, academicians, officials of the Ministry and other dignitaries will also be present at the event.

Event Details
- Occasion: Book release function in New Delhi.
- Chief Guest: Union Home Minister Amit Shah.
- Guest of Honour: Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan.
- Attendees: Eminent authors, academicians, Ministry officials, and dignitaries.
About the Book: Title: Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh: Through the Ages.

Content:
- Covers over 3,000 years of the region’s history.
- Divided into seven sections presenting a comprehensive narrative.
Languages: Published in Hindi and English.

Collaboration: Joint effort by:
- National Book Trust, India.
- Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR).
Sports news

33rd Santosh Trophy title for Bengal as they beat Kerala in the final

The most successful team in the history of the Santosh Trophy, West Bengal added one more to its collection by defeating Kerala in the final of the 78th edition of the Santosh Trophy. It was the 33rd Santosh Trophy for the Bengal team.

The final of the 78th edition of the Santosh Trophy 2024-25 was played at the GMC Balayogi Stadium in Hyderabad, Telangana on 31st December 2024.

Match Summary:

The 78th edition of the Santosh Trophy ended in a dramatic final where West Bengal defeated Kerala 1-0 after extra time. Both teams were locked at 0-0 at the end of regulation time. However, in the 4th minute of extra time, Robi Hansda scored the only goal of the match, securing West Bengal’s 33rd Santosh Trophy victory.

Award Winners:
- Winners: West Bengal
- Prize: Rs 5 Lakhs
- Runners-Up: Kerala
- Prize: Kamla Gupta Trophy and Rs 3 Lakhs
- Peter Thangaraj Player of the Championship:Robi Hansda (West Bengal)
- Tulsidas Balaram Player of the Final:Robi Hansda (West Bengal)
Tournament Details:
- The 78th Santosh Trophy was held from 14th to 31st December 2024, hosted by the Telangana Football Association in Hyderabad.
- 31 teams participated, with the group stage held across various parts of the country.
- The top four teams from each group qualified for the quarterfinals.
Groupings in Final Round:
- Group A: West Bengal, Manipur, Services, Jammu & Kashmir, Telangana, Rajasthan
- Group B: Goa, Delhi, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Meghalaya, Odisha
Semifinal Results:
- West Bengal defeated Services 4-2
- Kerala defeated Manipur 5-1
About the Santosh Trophy:
- The Santosh Trophy is a premier state-level football tournament for men in India, organized by the All India Football Federation (AIFF).
- The tournament was inaugurated in 1941, and its first edition was won by West Bengal.
- West Bengal is the most successful team in the history of the tournament, with 33 titles.
- Other top teams include Punjab (8 titles), and Kerala and Services, who share the third spot with 7 titles each.
Volodar Murzin & India’s Koneru Humpy Won 2024 FIDE World Rapid C’ship

Koneru Humpy of India and the Russian Volodar Murzin respectively won the women’s and Open titles at the 2024 FIDE World Rapid Championships. It was the second FIDE World Rapid Championship for Humpy while the Russian Volodar Muzrin became the second-youngest player to win the Championship in the Open section.
- The 2024 FIDE World Rapid Championship was held in New York City, the United States of America 26-29 December 2024.
- The 2024 FIDE World Blitz Championship will be held at the same venue on 30 and 31 December 2024.
Women’s Title – Koneru Humpy:
- Champion: Koneru Humpy (India)
- Score: 8.5/11 rounds
- Second World Rapid Title: This victory marks Koneru Humpy’s second World Rapid Championship title, following her first win in 2019 in Moscow, Russia.
- Despite losing her first game, Humpy emerged victorious in the final round, defeating Indonesian International Master Irine Kharisma Sukandar, securing her spot atop the leaderboard.
Dronavalli Harika finished 5th with 8 points.

Open Title – Volodar Murzin:

Champion: Volodar Murzin (Russia)

Score: 10/11 rounds
- Maiden Title: The 18-year-old Russian player claimed his first World Rapid Championship by defeating Armenian GM Karen Grigoryan in the final round.
- Murzin becomes the second-youngest player to win the World Rapid title, after Nodirbek Abdusattorov (Uzbekistan) won it in 2021 at 17.
- Arjun Erigaisi (India) finished in 5th position with 9 points.
Key Highlights:
- Grischuk and Nepomniachtchi shared second place in the Open section with 9.5 points.
- Russia, despite being banned by FIDE from official competition, had players participate under the FIDE banner due to the ongoing political situation.
FIDE World Championships:
- FIDE organizes three World Chess Championships annually in Classical, Rapid, and Blitz formats.
- FIDE first organized the Open section of the World Rapid and Blitz Championship in 2013 in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia.
- The Women’s section began in 2012 in Batumi, Georgia.
Indian Chess Achievements:
- Viswanathan Anand won the 2017 World Rapid Title (Open section) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Koneru Humpy has now won the World Rapid title twice (2019, 2024).
- India has not yet won a title in the Blitz format.
About FIDE:

FIDE (International Chess Federation) is the global governing body for chess, overseeing worldwide competition.
- Headquarters: Lausanne, Switzerland
- President: Arkady Dvorkovich (Russia)
- Members: 201 national chess federations.
World Boxing Adds Asia as Newest Member, India Takes Key Roles

In December 2024, World Boxing (formerly known as the Association Internationale de Boxe Amateur, AIBA) welcomed Asia as a new member by forming a new Asian Confederation. This move aims to enhance the development, representation, and promotion of boxing across Asia. The decision followed a vote by the Asian Boxing Confederation (ASBC) members during the Congress held in Bangkok, Thailand, to remain part of the International Boxing Association (IBA).

India’s Prominent Role in the Expansion: India emerged as a key player in this strategic expansion, with several key appointments within the new interim Asian Boxing body.

Key Appointments and Their Roles:
- Ajay Singh (President of the Boxing Federation of India, BFI) was appointed as a board member of the new Asian Boxing Confederation.
- Hemanta Kumar Kalita (Secretary General of BFI) was included in the Olympic Commission.
- Digvijay Singh (Treasurer of BFI) was appointed to the Finance and Audit Committee, where he will ensure fiscal oversight and accountability.
- Narender Kumar Nirwan (Vice President of BFI, North Zone) will serve on the Constitution Commission, helping to shape the governance structure of the new confederation.
- India’s growing prominence in international boxing is reflected in these pivotal roles, signaling a significant step in strengthening boxing’s presence and influence in Asia.
Key Appointments and Roles:
- DP Bhatt (Chairman of the Boxing Federation of India’s Disciplinary & Disputes Commission) will join the Sports and Competition Commission.
- Dr. Karanjeet Singh will represent India on the newly formed Medical Commission, contributing to the health and well-being of athletes.
- Lovlina Borgohain (Tokyo 2020 Olympic bronze medalist) has been appointed to the Athlete Commission. As one of three members, she will advocate for enhanced training facilities, equal opportunities, and robust support systems for boxers across Asia to help them excel on the global stage.
Lovlina Borgohain’s achievements include a bronze medal at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and a gold medal at the 2022 Commonwealth Games.

Upcoming Events in India: India is set to host two major boxing events:

World Boxing Cup Final 2025 and World Boxing Congress 2025 in New Delhi, scheduled for November 2025. These events will position India as a central hub for global boxing development and increase its prominence in the sport.

About World Boxing:
- President: Boris van der Vorst
- Headquarters: Renens, Switzerland
- Founded: 2023
January 2, 2025
1st January 2025 current affairs
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National news

ECI Publishes Detailed Data for Lok Sabha and Assembly Polls 2024

The Election Commission of India (ECI) released comprehensive data for the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, including 42 statistical reports. Voter turnout increased, with 64.64 crore votes polled, a 7.43% rise in registered electors, and higher participation from women and third-gender voters. The number of polling stations increased to 10.53 lakh, and the number of nominations rose to 12,459. Women electors now comprise 48.62% of the electorate, and the number of female candidates contesting elections grew to 800. Inclusive elections saw significant increases in third-gender and PwD electors. National parties secured 63.35% of valid votes, while independent candidates performed modestly, with 7 elected out of 3,921 contestants.

Electors and Voters

Registered Electors:
- 2019: 91.19 crore
- 2024: 97.98 crore
Votes Polled: 2024: 64.64 crore (compared to 61.4 crore in 2019)
- Male: 32.94 crore
- Female: 31.28 crore
- Third Gender: 13,058
- Postal Ballots: 42.82 lakh
Turnout Highlights:
- Highest Turnout: Dhubri (Assam) – 92.3%
- Lowest Turnout: Srinagar (J&K) – 38.7% (up from 14.4% in 2019)
- NOTA Votes: 63.71 lakh (0.99%, down from 1.06% in 2019)
- Transgender Voter Turnout: 27.09% (up from 14.64% in 2019)
2. Polling Stations

Number of Polling Stations:
- 2019: 10.37 lakh
- 2024: 10.53 lakh (Increase of 14,816 stations)
Repolling: Only 40 stations (0.0038%) needed repolling, compared to 540 in 2019
- Electors per Polling Station: Average 931
- States with Most Polling Stations: Uttar Pradesh (1.62 lakh)
- States with Least Polling Stations: Lakshadweep (55)
3. Nominations and Contesting Candidates

Nominations Filed:
- 2019: 11,692
- 2024: 12,459
Contestants:
- 2019: 8,054
- 2024: 8,360 (after rejections and withdrawals)
- Highest Nominations in a PC: 114 (Malkajgiri, Telangana)
- Lowest Nominations in a PC: 3 (Dibrugarh, Assam)
4. Women Electors and Contesting Candidates

Women Registered Electors:
- 2019: 43.85 crore
- 2024: 47.63 crore
Female Electorate Share:
- 2019: 48.09%
- 2024: 48.62%
States with Highest Female Elector Percentage:

Puducherry: 53.03%

Kerala: 51.56%

Female Voter Turnout: 65.78% (slightly higher than male voter turnout of 65.55%)

Women Contesting Candidates:
- 2024: 800 (up from 726 in 2019)
- States with Most Female Contestants: Maharashtra (111), Uttar Pradesh (80), Tamil Nadu (77)
- PCs with No Female Contestants: 152 out of 543
5. Inclusive Elections

Third Gender Electors:
- 2024: 48,272 (up from 39,075 in 2019)
- State with Most Third Gender Electors: Tamil Nadu (8,467)
- Transgender Voter Turnout: 27.09% (up from 14.64% in 2019)
Persons with Disabilities (PwD) Electors: 2024: 90.29 lakh (up from 61.67 lakh in 2019)

Overseas Electors:
- 2019: 99,844
- 2024: 1.19 lakh (Male: 1.06 lakh; Female: 12,950; Third Gender: 13)
Election commission of India:

The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in India at both the national and state levels.

Establishment:
- The Election Commission of India was established on 25th January 1950.
- This date is now celebrated as National Voters’ Day.
Composition:

The Election Commission consists of:
- Chief Election Commissioner (CEC): The highest-ranking officer.
- Election Commissioners: Two additional members are appointed by the President of India.
Appointment:

The Chief Election Commissioner and the Election Commissioners are appointed by the President of India.
- They hold the position for a term of 6 years or until they reach the age of 65, whichever is earlier.
- They can be removed only by a process of impeachment.
The number of members can vary, but traditionally, it consists of three members.

SAIL Earns Great Place to Work Recognition for Second Year

Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) has achieved a significant milestone by being re-certified as a ‘Great Place to Work’ for the period January 2025 to January 2026. This recognition, awarded by the Great Place to Work Institute, India, highlights SAIL’s dedication to fostering a positive and empowering work environment. The re-certification marks SAIL’s second consecutive recognition, following its first certification for the period December 2023 to December 2024.

Key Highlights
- Certification Period: January 2025 to January 2026
- Awarded By: Great Place to Work Institute, India
- Consecutive Certification: SAIL was first recognized for the period December 2023 to December 2024.
- Recognition Criteria: The award is based on direct employee feedback, reflecting trust, collaboration, and employee empowerment within the organization.
Innovative HR Initiatives Contributing to Success
- SAIL’s success in securing this certification is attributed to several employee-focused initiatives that enhance the overall workplace culture:
- Work Other than Workplace (WoW): This scheme offers employees flexibility in work location, enabling a better work-life balance.
- Flexible Work Timings: City-based employees are given the flexibility to adjust their work hours, promoting a healthy work-life integration.
- Self-paced Learning: Access to platforms like LinkedIn Learning Hub and E-Pathshala helps employees upgrade their skills at their own pace.
- Digital Training: SAIL offers high-end IT training in collaboration with NASSCOM, empowering employees with cutting-edge technological skills.
- Leadership Development: The company partners with IIMs and ASCI to conduct leadership development programs, helping to nurture and grow future leaders.
- Employee Assistance Programs: These include e-counseling services to support the mental well-being of employees.
- Healthcare Enhancement: SAIL has made significant improvements to its healthcare services, ensuring better access to health facilities for employees.
- Leadership Coaching: Tailored coaching programs are offered to senior executives to enhance their leadership capabilities.
Statement from SAIL Chairman: Shri Amarendu Prakash, Chairman of SAIL, shared his thoughts on the certification:
“SAIL’s consecutive certification as a ‘Great Place to Work’ reaffirms SAIL’s ongoing dedication to foster an exceptional workplace culture and provide a positive employee experience built on trust, collaboration, and employee empowerment.”

SAIL:
- Headquarters: New Delhi
- CEO: Shri Prakash (31 May 2023–)
- Founded: 24 January 1973
116th Mann Ki Baat- Welcoming a Milestone Year

As 2025 approaches, India stands on the threshold of significant celebrations and achievements. The year marks the 75th anniversary of the Constitution of India, a testament to the vision and dedication of the nation’s founding fathers. The Prime Minister, through the 116th episode of his monthly radio address Mann Ki Baat, shared insights and aspirations for the country’s progress and unity, covering diverse themes ranging from cultural heritage to health and sports.

75 Years of the Indian Constitution
- Significance: Marks the 75th anniversary on 26th January 2025.
- Initiatives: Launch of constitution75.com for citizens to engage with the Preamble and access the Constitution in multiple languages.
- Message: PM encourages youth to explore this milestone and connect with the legacy.
Maha Kumbh 2025
- Date & Venue: Starts 13th January 2025 in Prayagraj.
- Theme: “Maha Kumbh of Unity,” emphasizing inclusivity and diversity.
- Digital Features: AI-driven navigation, chatbots, and real-time updates.
- Campaign: Selfie initiative with #EktaKaMahakumbh to promote unity.
Krish, Trish, and Baltiboy – Bharat Hain Hum
- Content: Animated series highlighting freedom struggle heroes.
- Outreach: Available on Doordarshan and OTT platforms, broadcast in multiple languages.
WAVES Summit 2025
- Objective: Showcase India’s media and entertainment industry globally.
- Participants: Bollywood, regional cinema, gaming, and technology sectors.
- Impact: Boosts India’s vision of a $5 trillion economy.
Global Outreach of Indian Culture
- Art in Egypt: Painting competition involving 23,000 students.
- Ayurveda in Paraguay: Ayurveda consultations gaining popularity in South America.
- Tamil in Fiji: Tamil teaching program launched after 80 years.
Bastar Olympics
- Participation: Over 165,000 players from seven districts.
- Impact: Transforms lives through sports like archery and kabaddi.
- Symbolism: Represents resilience and cultural heritage.
Healthcare Achievements

Malaria:
- 80% reduction in cases (2015-2023).
- Awareness initiatives in Assam and Haryana played a pivotal role.
Cancer:
- Ayushman Bharat Yojana ensures timely treatment for 90% of patients.
- Agricultural Transformation in Kalahandi
Vegetable Revolution:
- Kisan Utpad Sangh FPO generates ₹1.5 crores in annual turnover.
- Empowering 200+ farmers, including 45 women, with modern techniques.
- These milestones reflect India’s diverse progress in culture, healthcare, sports, and economic empowerment as the nation steps into 2025.
Economy news

GDP to Grow at 6.6% in FY25: RBI

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) projected India’s GDP growth at 6.6% for FY25, emphasizing economic resilience amidst global and domestic challenges. The report highlights robust fundamentals, improved asset quality in banks, and stable financial indicators, although risks like urban demand moderation and global uncertainties persist.

Economic Insights

GDP Growth Projections
- FY25 Growth: Estimated at 6.6%,
driven by:
- Revival in rural consumption.
- Increased government spending.
- Strong services exports.
H1 FY25 Performance: Growth moderated to 6% from 8.2% in H1 FY24, reflecting global headwinds and softer industrial activity.

Inflation Trends
- Positive Drivers: A bumper kharif harvest and robust rabi prospects are expected to stabilize foodgrain prices.
- Potential Risks: Geopolitical tensions and extreme weather events could disrupt inflation dynamics.
Banking Sector Strengths

Decline in NPAs
- Gross NPAs: Reached a 12-year low of 2.6% (September 2024).
- Net NPAs: Reduced to 0.6%, showcasing improved asset quality.
Capital Adequacy
- CET1 Ratio: Strong at 14%, well above the regulatory minimum of 8%.
- Stress Resilience: Macro stress tests indicate that SCBs, mutual funds, and clearing corporations can withstand adverse conditions.
Banking news

RBI Introduces Name Lookup for NEFT and RTGS

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has introduced a name lookup facility for Real-Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) and National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) systems, aiming to enhance accuracy, security, and user confidence in digital transactions. This feature aligns NEFT and RTGS with the functionality already available in Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) platforms.

Key Highlights of the Facility

1. Current vs. Proposed System
- Current State: NEFT and RTGS transactions do not provide users with a pre-transaction name verification feature, increasing the chances of errors and fraudulent transfers.
- Proposed Feature: Users will now see the beneficiary’s name before completing a transfer, enabling verification and reducing risks.
2. Operational Framework
- The facility will function by cross-referencing the account number and IFSC code entered by the remitter.
- The receiving bank’s core banking system will fetch and display the beneficiary’s name for verification.
- Data privacy is prioritized—query-related data will be stored by the respective banks, with no storage by NPCI.
3. Implementation Timeline
- Banks are mandated to implement the system by April 1, 2025.
- The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) will develop the infrastructure and facilitate onboarding.
4. Accessibility

The feature will be available via:
- Internet banking.
- Mobile banking apps.
- Physical bank branches.
- It will be a free service for all users.
RBI:
- Founded: 1 April 1935, Kolkata
- Headquarters: Mumbai
- Governor: Sanjay Malhotra
Appointment news

Vitul Kumar Appointed Officiating DG of CRPF

Vitul Kumar, a 1993-batch IPS officer from the Uttar Pradesh cadre, has been appointed as the officiating Director General (DG) of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), succeeding Anish Dayal Singh, who retired on December 31, 2024. Kumar, currently serving as Special Director General, will oversee the CRPF during a critical phase marked by challenges in Chhattisgarh and Manipur, ensuring leadership continuity until a permanent DG is appointed.

CRPF:
- Headquarters: New Delhi
- Founded: 27 July 1939
Rajat Verma Appointed as CEO of DBS Bank India

Effective March 1, 2025, Rajat Verma will take over as the new CEO of DBS Bank India, succeeding Surojit Shome, who is retiring after a successful tenure. Verma’s appointment is subject to approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and marks a significant leadership transition as DBS India continues to strengthen its position in the Indian market.

Key Highlights of Leadership Transition

Surojit Shome’s Legacy
- Tenure Highlights: Shome, who led DBS India since 2015, was instrumental in transforming the bank’s operations in India.
- Notable Achievements: Under his leadership, DBS India launched digibank, India’s first mobile-only bank in 2016, expanding its presence to over 350 locations across 19 states, making it one of the most prominent players in the Indian banking sector.
Rajat Verma’s Appointment
- Role and Experience: Verma, who joined DBS India in June 2023, has led the Institutional Banking Group and driven substantial growth in this sector.
- Awards and Recognition: He played a key role in DBS India winning the title of “Best Bank for Sustainable Finance – India” by Global Finance in 2024.
- Previous Experience: Verma has over 27 years of banking experience and previously spent 26 years at HSBC India, leading commercial banking operations.
DBS Bank:
- Headquarters: Singapore
- CEO: Piyush Gupta (9 Nov 2009–)
- Founder: Government of Singapore
- Founded: 16 July 1968, Singapore
Science and tech news

China Unveils World’s Fastest High-Speed Train Prototype

China has unveiled the CR450, the world’s fastest high-speed train prototype, designed to achieve a commercial speed of 400 km/h and test speeds of up to 450 km/h. Surpassing the current CR400 Fuxing trains (350 km/h), this innovation demonstrates significant advancements in speed, energy efficiency, safety, and passenger comfort. The CR450 aligns with China’s ambitious goal of expanding its high-speed rail network to 70,000 km by 2035, further cementing its leadership in global rail technology.

Key Features of CR450

Unparalleled Speed and Performance
- Maximum test speed: 450 km/h.
- Developed after 200,000 km of tests, 3,000 simulations, and 2,000 platform evaluations.
Energy Efficiency and Stability
- Incorporates water-cooled permanent magnet traction systems and high-stability bogie systems.
- Reduces energy consumption by over 20% while maintaining exceptional stability.
Enhanced Passenger Experience: Features noise reduction technologies, larger cabins, and accessibility for bicycles and wheelchairs.

China:
- Capital: Beijing
- President: Xi Jinping
Defence news

India’s Defence Exports Cross Rs 21,000 Crore : Rajnath Singh

India’s defence exports have experienced unprecedented growth, reaching a record ₹21,000 crore in 2024 from ₹2,000 crore a decade ago. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, during a visit to the Army War College (AWC) in Mhow Cantonment, set a bold target of ₹50,000 crore in defence exports by 2029, reinforcing India’s status as a global defence production leader.

Key Highlights and Future Targets

Defence Export Milestones
- Growth from ₹2,000 crore (2014) to ₹21,000 crore (2024).
- Targeting ₹50,000 crore annually by 2029.
Technological Advancements
- Focus on mastering frontier technologies like AI, cybersecurity, and space warfare to address unconventional threats.
- Integration of AI-based systems, electromagnetic warfare, and information warfare into defence strategies.
Vision of Self-Reliance
- Emphasis on Aatmanirbhar Bharat to enhance indigenous defence manufacturing.
- Strengthened domestic production capacities to meet national and international defence demands.
Sports news

Hemanth Muddappa Secures 3 National Titles, Extends Record to 15

Hemanth Muddappa, renowned as the “Drag King” in Indian motorsport, made history by securing a triple crown victory in the final round of the MMSC FMSCI Indian National Motorcycle Drag Racing Championship at the Madras International Circuit (MIC). This triumph marked his 15th National title, making him the most decorated motorsport athlete in India.

Despite enduring the challenge of a fractured right thumb from a previous crash, Muddappa showcased immense resilience, clinching titles across multiple categories with the support of his team, Mantra Racing.

Key Achievements:
- Total National Titles: 15, solidifying his legacy in Indian motorsport.
- Triple Crown Victory: Won three National titles in one event.
- Raced Despite Injury: Competed with a fractured thumb after obtaining medical clearance, relying on painkillers to manage the injury.
Event Details:

Venue: Madras International Circuit (MIC)

Team: Mantra Racing, who provided strong support through bike preparation and performance optimization.

Categories Won:
- Unrestricted Class: Muddappa completed the race in 7.837 seconds, clinching first place.
- 851cc – 1050cc (SS): Completed in 7.926 seconds, securing a win in this category.
- 361cc – 550cc (SS Indian): Muddappa tied with Mohammed Riyaz in the 551cc – 850cc (SS) category, both clocking identical times. However, his faster reaction time allowed him to take the victory.
Kerala Wins Senior National Men’s Handball Championship

Kerala has made history by winning its first-ever Senior National Men’s Handball Championship title, defeating Chandigarh 34-31 in a thrilling final. This marks a major achievement for Kerala, as it was the team’s first appearance in the final of this prestigious tournament. Kerala’s victory was a result of a cohesive team effort, with several standout individual performances contributing to their success.

Key Highlights
- Final Score: Kerala 34-31 Chandigarh
- Venue: Senior National Men’s Handball Championship, Kerala
Road to the Final
- Kerala defeated Services 23-21 in the semi-finals to reach the final.
- Chandigarh triumphed over Indian Railways 32-30 in their semi-final match.
Awards
- Best Player of the Championship: Devendar (Kerala) – for his outstanding attacking performance.
- Best Goalkeeper: Rahul (Kerala) – for his crucial saves in goal throughout the tournament.
Match Progression
- First Half: The match was closely contested, with Kerala maintaining a narrow lead going into the break.
- Second Half: Kerala extended their advantage in the second half and managed to hold off Chandigarh’s late rally to secure the victory.
Key Performances
- Devendar: Played a pivotal role in Kerala’s offensive strategies, contributing significantly to their score and earning the Best Player award.
- Rahul: Produced crucial saves in the final, ensuring Kerala maintained their lead and earning the Best Goalkeeper accolade.
Kerala:
- Capital: Thiruvananthapuram
- Chief minister: Pinarayi Vijayan
Haryana Steelers Clinch Maiden PKL Title

On 29th December 2024, the Haryana Steelers achieved a historic milestone by winning their first-ever Pro Kabaddi League (PKL) title, defeating the Patna Pirates 32-23 in a thrilling final at the Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex in Pune. The match was a showcase of excellent performances from both teams, but Haryana Steelers ultimately emerged victorious with solid strategies on both offense and defense.

Key Highlights of the Game
- Final Score: Haryana Steelers 32-23 Patna Pirates
- Venue: Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex, Balewadi, Pune
Haryana Steelers Performers
- Shivam Patare: 9 points (Outstanding performance in raiding)
- Mohammadreza Shadloui: 7 points (Crucial contributions in both offense and defense)
- Vinay: 6 points (Key role in the offensive strategies)
- Jaideep & Rahul Sethpal: Solid defensive play, crucial in preventing Patna Pirates’ comeback
Patna Pirates Top Performers
- Devank: 5 raid points (One of the key offensive players for Patna)
- Gurdeep: 6 tackle points (Strong defensive presence)
- Ayan & Sudhakar: Contributed significantly to the fightback but fell short in the final stretch
Match Progression
- Early Exchanges: Haryana Steelers started strong, taking an early lead with excellent raiding from Patare and Shadloui.
- Patna Pirates’ Response: Patna Pirates fought back through strong performances by Gurdeep and Sudhakar, leveling the game before the half-time break.
- Defensive Dominance: The second half saw Haryana’s defense, led by Jaideep and Sethpal, step up, making it difficult for Patna Pirates to score.
- Second Half: Key points from Shadloui and Jaideep kept the Steelers in control, and a decisive All-Out in the final minutes sealed the victory.
Haryana:
- Capital: Chandigarh
- Chief minister: Nayab Singh Saini
- Governor: Bandaru Dattatreya
January 2, 2025
28th December 2024 current affairs
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National news

UK Universities Set to Establish Campuses at GIFT City, Gujarat

Two UK universities, Queen’s University Belfast and Coventry University, have filed applications to set up international campuses at Gujarat’s GIFT City, continuing the trend initiated by Australian institutions. This marks a significant step as India opens its doors to foreign educational institutions through relaxed regulations.

Queen’s University Belfast:
- Approved by the International Financial Services Authority (IFSCA).
- Plans to start with postgraduate programs and expand to research and undergraduate courses.
- A prestigious institution with nearly 200 years of history and over 1,000 Indian students.
Coventry University:
- Expanding its global presence, already operating campuses in Egypt, Poland, Morocco, and Kazakhstan.
- Known for addressing global challenges and launched an “India Hub” in Delhi in 2024.
Regulatory Support: The IFSCA’s 2022 regulations encourage foreign campuses by allowing fund repatriation in foreign currency and relaxing infrastructure norms.

Existing Institutions in GIFT City: Australian universities offer programs in business analytics, cybercrime, and fintech, showcasing a growing international education ecosystem.

Gujarat:
- Capital: Gandhinagar
- Governor: Acharya Devvrat
- Chief minister: Bhupendra Patel
Rajnath Singh and Yogi Adityanath Unveil Atal Ji’s Statue

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath paid tribute to ‘Bharat Ratna’ and former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee by unveiling his statue at Kudiya Ghat along the Gomti River. The event was a grand homage to the leader’s legacy, emphasizing his contributions to the nation.

Dignitaries Present:
- Defence Minister Rajnath Singh.
- Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath.
Key Highlights:
- Sculptor Honored: Amarpal Singh was recognized for crafting Vajpayee’s statue.
- ‘Atal Sankalp’ Pledge: Led by Rajnath Singh, reaffirming commitment to Vajpayee’s ideals and vision.
Legacy Celebration: The statue symbolizes Vajpayee’s enduring contributions to India’s progress and leadership.

‘Viksit Panchayat Karmayogi’ Initiative‘Viksit Panchayat Karmayogi’ Initiative

On Good Governance Day, Dr. Jitendra Singh launched the ‘Viksit Panchayat Karmayogi’ initiative, aiming to empower Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and decentralize governance. This initiative is part of the broader ‘Prashasan Gaon Ki Aur’ campaign, which seeks to enhance governance at the grassroots level by providing elected representatives and officials with modern tools and knowledge for effective decision-making and planning.

Launch and Objective:
- Launched by Dr. Jitendra Singh on Good Governance Day.
- Aims to empower Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and enhance grassroots governance as part of the ‘Prashasan Gaon Ki Aur’ campaign.
Key Features:

Technology-Driven Governance:
- Utilizes e-learning platforms, AI-powered chatbots, and mobile apps to bridge knowledge gaps.
- Focuses on effective decision-making and planning for public service delivery.
Capacity Building:
- Targets Panchayats in Odisha, Assam, Gujarat, and Andhra Pradesh.
- Provides tools to enhance governance capabilities and foster sustainable rural development.
Decentralization: Aligns with the government’s vision for participatory governance and decentralized decision-making.

Complementary Initiatives:

iGOT Karmayogi Dashboard:
- Improves monitoring and decision-making for ministries and state governments.
- Focus on capacity building.
CPGRAMS Annual Report 2024: Highlights the resolution of 25 lakh grievances annually, showcasing commitment to transparent governance.

Simplified Pension Application:
- Introduces a single digital form for retiring officials.
- Ensures faster, cost-effective disbursement with an enhanced user experience.
Significance:
- Empowers rural governance by enabling citizen-centric, scalable models.
- Strengthens the foundation for inclusive and sustainable development across India.
- Reinforces the government’s commitment to modernizing governance systems at all levels.
UNICEF Partners with West Bengal Government to Tackle Childhood NCDs

In December 2024, UNICEF collaborated with the West Bengal (WB) Government to enhance the treatment of childhood Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), including juvenile diabetes.

The initiative aims to strengthen healthcare infrastructure and ensure equitable access to treatment for affected children.

Collaboration Details:

Primary Health Care (PHC) Model:
- Joint effort with West Bengal’s Department of Health and Family Welfare (DHFW), IPGMER & SSKM Hospital, Kolkata.
- Focus on improving community healthcare and primary health services for NCD prevention and management.
Statewide Treatment Expansion: Partnered with the West Bengal Academy of Paediatrics to provide treatment across all districts.

Training Healthcare Workers: Training for doctors, nurses, ANMs, ASHA workers, and community health officers to identify and refer affected children to NCD clinics.

About Juvenile Diabetes:
- Type: Chronic disease, also known as Type 1 diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes.
- Cause: The pancreas produces little or no insulin due to immune system destruction of insulin-producing cells.
- Symptoms: Extreme thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, blurry vision, and fatigue.
- Prevalence: Data from India’s Young Diabetic Registry (YDR) indicates that 5 out of 100,000 children are affected by juvenile diabetes.
About UNICEF:
- Executive Director: Catherine Russell
- Headquarters: New York, USA
- Established: 1946
International news

India and China Sign Six-Point Agreement to Resume Kailash Mansarovar Yatra

On December 18, 2024, India and China have signed a six-point agreement to resume the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra and Nathula border trade during the 23rd meeting of the Special Representatives (SRS) on the China-India Boundary Question in Beijing, China.

The agreement also addresses key issues such as cross-border river cooperation, representing a significant move toward rebuilding trust between the two nations.

significance of the Agreement:
- Cross-Border Cooperation: Focuses on enhancing cross-border river cooperation to foster trust between the two nations.
- Historical Context: The Kailash Mansarovar Yatra has been suspended since 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic and lack of renewal of arrangements by China.
Participants:
- Ajit Doval, India’s National Security Advisor (NSA)
- Wang Yi, China’s Foreign Minister
About Kailash Mansarovar Yatra:

Sacred Pilgrimage:
- Mount Kailash: Believed to be the abode of Lord Shiva in Hinduism; also significant in Buddhism, Jainism, and Bon.
- Lake Mansarovar: A revered spiritual site for devotees.
Geography:
- Located in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China.
- Indian routes to Mount Kailash include Lipulekh Pass (Uttarakhand) and Nathu La Pass (Sikkim).
Travel Routes:
- Pilgrims also access the site through Kathmandu (Nepal), Simikot (Nepal), and Lhasa (Tibet).
- This agreement marks a positive development in India-China relations and reinforces cultural and religious connectivity for Indian pilgrims.
China:
- Capital: Beijing
- President: Xi Jinping
- Official language: Mandarin
US Declare Bald Eagle As National Bird After 250 Years
- President Joe Biden signed a law on December 24, 2024 (Christmas Eve) officially recognizing the bald eagle as the national bird of the United States.
- Although symbolic since 1782, this is its first formal recognition.
Historical Context:
- The bald eagle has been featured on the Great Seal of the US since 1782, symbolizing strength, courage, and freedom.
- Founding Father Benjamin Franklin criticized the bald eagle, calling it a “bird of bad moral character.”
Conservation Status:
- Protected under the National Emblem Act of 1940, prohibiting its hunting or sale.
- The species has made a remarkable recovery from near extinction, with populations increasing since 2009.
Symbolism:
- Represents strength, courage, freedom, and immortality.
- Indigenous exclusively to North America, enhancing its symbolic uniqueness.
Legislation Highlights:
- Spearheaded by lawmakers from Minnesota, a state with a significant bald eagle population.
- Signed alongside 50 other laws, including a federal anti-hazing law
China Approves $137-Billion Mega Dam on Brahmaputra Near Indian Border

China has approved the construction of the world’s largest dam on the Yarlung Zangbo (Brahmaputra) in Tibet, close to the Indian border. Estimated at $137 billion, this project raises strategic and environmental concerns for India and Bangladesh. The massive hydropower dam, located at a tectonic boundary prone to earthquakes, has been touted as safe by Chinese authorities, who emphasize ecological protection and advanced engineering techniques.

Strategic and Diplomatic Implications:
- India’s Concerns: Potential Chinese control over water flow and risk of floods during hostilities.
- India’s Response: Construction of a counter dam on the Brahmaputra in Arunachal Pradesh.
- Data Sharing: India and China collaborate under the Expert Level Mechanism (ELM) since 2006, reaffirmed during the 2024 meeting between India’s NSA Ajit Doval and China’s Wang Yi.
Engineering and Environmental Challenges:
- Tectonic Risks: Located in the seismically active Tibetan Plateau.
- Ecological Claims: China emphasizes ecological protection and advanced technologies to ensure safety.
Geopolitical Context:
- Regional Impacts: Could affect downstream countries like Bangladesh, which depend on the Brahmaputra for water resources.
- Strategic Importance: Highlights geopolitical tensions in the region due to shared river systems.
Economy news

India’s Economic Growth Forecast for FY25: 6.5%

India’s economic growth is expected to reach 6.5% in FY25 despite facing a subdued first half, as outlined in the Finance Ministry’s Monthly Economic Review. The report attributes the slowdown primarily to the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) restrictive monetary policy stance and weaker demand. While global uncertainties weigh on the economy, domestic factors like agricultural activity and industrial gains are expected to drive growth in the second half of the fiscal year.

Projected Growth:
- India’s GDP growth for FY25 is expected to reach 6.5%, despite a subdued first half.
- Aligned with RBI’s forecast of 6.6% growth.
H1 FY25 Slowdown: GDP Growth Decline: Fell to 5.4% (July-September) from 6.7% in the previous quarter.

Key Factors:
- Weaker expansion in manufacturing and consumption.
- RBI’s restrictive monetary policy aimed at inflation control.
RBI’s Monetary Policy Impact:
- 11 consecutive meetings with unchanged key interest rates.
- Recent reduction in the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) expected to boost credit growth.
Outlook for H2 FY25:

Agricultural Activity:

Strong rural demand driven by favorable rabi crop season factors:
- Increase in Minimum Support Price (MSP).
- High reservoir levels and fertilizer availability.
Urban Demand Recovery:
- Passenger vehicle sales grew 13.4% year-on-year.
- Air passenger traffic shows significant growth.
Banking news

ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Launches ICICI Pru Wish for Women-Specific Illnesses

In December 2024, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance introduced ICICI Pru Wish, a unique health insurance product tailored for women. Developed in collaboration with the Reinsurance Group of America (RGA), it offers a lump sum payout upon the diagnosis of specific conditions, making it a pioneering product in the life insurance sector.

Key Features:

Women-Specific Coverage:
- Focuses on illnesses such as breast, cervical, and uterine cancers, as well as heart conditions.
- Includes coverage for maternity-related complications and genetic disorders in newborns.
Instant Payout: Provides up to 100% of the health cover amount upon diagnosis of covered conditions.

Premium Guarantee: Offers a 30-year premium guarantee, ensuring stable premiums over the policy term.

Financial Flexibility: Features a 12-month premium vacation, allowing policyholders to pause premium payments during unexpected situations.

RBI Sets Up Panel for Ethical AI Framework in Financial Sector

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has formed an eight-member committee to develop a Framework for Responsible and Ethical Enablement of Artificial Intelligence (FREE-AI).

Focus: Adoption of ethical AI technologies in banks, NBFCs, FinTechs, and payment operators.

Objectives:
- AI Adoption: Assess AI integration globally and in India.
- Regulatory Review: Analyze global supervisory approaches to AI for Indian adaptation.
- Risk Mitigation: Identify AI-related risks and propose compliance mechanisms.
- Governance: Create guidelines for ethical and responsible AI deployment.
Committee Members:

Chairperson: Pushpak Bhattacharyya (Professor, IIT Bombay).

Members:
- Debjani Ghosh (Independent Director, RBI Innovation Hub).
- Balaraman Ravindran (Professor, IIT Madras).
- Abhishek Singh (Additional Secretary, Ministry of Electronics and IT).
- Rahul Matthan (Partner, Trilegal).
- Anjani Rathor (Group Head, HDFC Bank).
- Sree Hari Nagaralu (Head of Security AI Research, Microsoft India).
- Suvendu Pati (CGM, FinTech Department, RBI).
Timeline: Final report due within six months of the committee’s first meeting.

Significance:
- Strengthens AI governance and ethics in India’s financial sector.
- Enhances risk management and promotes responsible innovation.
- Aligns India’s financial industry with global AI practices.
Appointment news

Kristrun Mjoll Frostadottir Appointed as Iceland’s Youngest Prime Minister

In December 2024, Kristrun Mjoll Frostadottir, leader of the Social Democratic Alliance (SDA), was appointed as the Prime Minister of Iceland by President Guðni Th. Jóhannesson, succeeding Bjarni Benediktsson. At 36 years old, she is the youngest Prime Minister in Iceland’s history.

Key Points:

Parliamentary Election Victory:
- Secured 20.8% of votes in the 2024 Icelandic Parliamentary Election.
- Won 15 seats in the Althing (National Parliament).
Notable Achievements:
- Represents a shift in leadership and a progressive vision under the Social Democratic Alliance.
- Her appointment marks a milestone in Icelandic political history with a focus on inclusivity and innovation.
About Iceland:
- President: Guðni Th. Jóhannesson
- Prime Minister: Kristrun Mjoll Frostadottir
- Capital: Reykjavík
- Currency: Icelandic króna (ISK)
Amitava Chatterjee Appointed as MD & CEO of J&K Bank

Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) Bank’s share price soared by 7.4% on December 26, 2024, following the announcement of Amitava Chatterjee’s appointment as the new Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO). This significant development comes after the bank’s board appointed Chatterjee for a three-year term starting December 30, 2024. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) approved his appointment, with Chatterjee set to take over from Baldev Prakash, who retires on December 27, 2024.

Key Event:
- Appointment: Amitava Chatterjee named MD & CEO of J&K Bank for a three-year term starting December 30, 2024.
- Approval: Appointment approved by RBI under Section 35B of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
Impact on Stock:

Market Response: J&K Bank’s share price rose by 7.4% on December 26, 2024.

Compensation:
- Fixed Pay: INR 1.40 crore annually, including perquisites.
- Variable Pay: Target of INR 1.40 crore.
Transition Plan: J&K Bank advised to propose an interim arrangement to RBI if Chatterjee’s assumption of office is delayed.

Profile of Amitava Chatterjee:
- Experience: Over 33 years in banking, currently Deputy MD at SBI; past roles include MD & CEO of SBICAPS.
- Education: MBA from ICFAI University and CAIIB qualification.
- Interests: Enthusiastic about tennis, football, and cricket.
State news

Uttar Pradesh Signs MoU with Japan’s Yamanashi Prefecture to Strengthen Economic and Cultural Ties

In December 2024, Uttar Pradesh (UP) Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, to enhance economic and cultural cooperation. The signing ceremony took place in Lucknow, with the Japanese delegation led by Yamanashi Governor Kotaro Nagasaki.

Key Points:

Economic Relations:
- Yogi Adityanath highlighted the strong economic ties between Japan and India, emphasizing collaboration with Japanese companies in various sectors.
- Both nations, being large economies, seek to strengthen their bilateral economic ties.
Historical and Cultural Connections:
- The Japan-India relationship is rooted in a “Special Strategic and Global Partnership”, built over centuries of cultural and spiritual exchanges.
- A key historical event dates back to 752 AD, when Indian monk Bodhisena consecrated a Buddha statue at the Todaiji Temple in Nara, Japan, marking a significant moment in the two countries’ shared history.
Indian Community in Japan:
- The growing Indian diaspora in Japan, especially in fields like IT and engineering, has further strengthened bilateral ties.
- The Nishikasai area in Tokyo, known as “mini-India”, is home to over 40,000 Indians, reflecting the increasing influence and integration of the Indian community in Japan.
Uttarpradesh:
- Capital: Lucknow (Executive Branch)
- Chief minister: Yogi Adityanath
- Governor: Anandiben Patel
Award news

RINL Wins Gold at AP State Energy Conservation Awards 2024

Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL), the corporate entity of Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (VSP), has won the prestigious Gold Award at the Andhra Pradesh State Energy Conservation Award 2024. The award, presented by the State Energy Conservation Mission of Andhra Pradesh, recognizes RINL’s impactful initiatives in energy conservation in the iron and steel sector. This achievement highlights the company’s commitment to sustainability and innovation in harnessing waste energy over the past three years.

Award Ceremony:
- Uttam Brahma (GM, Energy, Environment & Utilities) and VVVS Pulla Reddy (DGM, Energy Management Department) accepted the award.
- The award was presented by K. Vijayanand, IAS, Special Chief Secretary (Energy) of Andhra Pradesh, during the Energy Conservation Week celebrations in Vijayawada.
Key Highlights of RINL’s Efforts:

Sustained Energy Efficiency:
- Continuous implementation of energy-saving measures over the past three years.
- Focus on innovative utilization of waste energy to enhance operational efficiency.
Leadership in Sustainability:
- Positioned as a leader in energy conservation within the iron and steel industry.
- Commitment to adopting innovative and sustainable practices.
Leadership Acknowledgement:
- A.K. Saxena, CMD (additional charge) of RINL, congratulated the Energy Management team and supporting departments for their dedication.
- Emphasized the importance of energy conservation in ensuring sustainable growth and reinforcing RINL’s role in India’s industrial landscape.
- This award underscores RINL’s focus on innovation and sustainability, setting a benchmark in the industrial sector for environmental responsibility and energy efficiency.
RINL:
- Headquarters: Visakhapatnam
- Subsidiary: Eastern Investments Ltd.
- Founded: 18 February 1982
- Owner: Ministry of Steel, Government of India
Dr. Ravi Pillai Honored with Bahrain’s ‘Medal of Efficiency’

In December 2024, Dr. Ravi Pillai, a renowned Indian entrepreneur and founder of the RP Group of Companies, became the first foreign national to receive Bahrain’s ‘Medal of Efficiency (First Class)’. The award was presented by Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, the King of Bahrain, in a ceremony held in Dubai, UAE.

Key Achievements:

Recognition for Contributions:
- Honored for his exceptional work in refinery operations, community development, and enhancing Bahrain’s global standing.
- Acknowledged as a significant contributor to Bahrain’s progress and development.
Bahrain’s Highest Honor: The Medal of Efficiency is Bahrain’s top national award, celebrating individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the nation.

Past Honors:
- 2008: Received the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award (PBSA) from the Government of India.
- 2010: Conferred with Padma Shri, India’s fourth-highest civilian honor.
- 2015: Ranked as the 4th most powerful Indian in the Middle East by Arabian Business.
Defence news

India’s Defence Exports Reach Rs. 21,083 Crore In 2023-24

In the fiscal year 2023-24, India achieved a significant milestone in its defence sector. The country’s defence exports reached a record-high value of Rs 21,083 crore (around USD 2.63 billion), marking a 32.5% growth over the previous year. This growth is part of a broader trend in India’s defence sector, reflecting both enhanced domestic production and export capabilities. In parallel, India’s indigenous defence production also set a record, with a value of Rs 1,26,887 crore, representing a 16.7% increase compared to the previous fiscal year. The combined efforts of the private sector and Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) have been crucial in this success, contributing to a strengthened and self-reliant defence ecosystem.

Key Highlights Includes

Defence Exports: Reached Rs 21,083 crore, a 32.5% growth from Rs 15,920 crore in FY 2022-23.

Defence Export Growth Over 10 Years: Increased by 31 times since FY 2013-14.
- Contribution by Sectors: Private sector contributed 60% and DPSUs contributed 40% to defence exports.
- Defence Minister’s Target: Rajnath Singh set a target of Rs 50,000 crore in defence exports by 2029.
- Indigenous Defence Production: A record Rs 1,26,887 crore in production value, up 16.7% from the previous year.
- Positive Indigenisation Lists (PIL): Government issued five new PILs to boost domestic production and minimize reliance on imports.
The efforts to enhance Aatmanirbharta (self-reliance) in defence include steps like the creation of the Positive Indigenisation Lists, which focus on increasing the production of complex systems, sensors, and weapons.

These efforts are aligned with the government’s vision to reduce dependence on defence imports and to make India a hub for defence exports.

Key Figures
- Defence Exports: Rs 21,083 crore (USD 2.63 billion)
- Growth in Defence Exports: 32.5% increase from Rs 15,920 crore
- Defence Production Value: Rs 1,26,887 crore
- Growth in Defence Production: 16.7% increase from Rs 1,08,684 crore
December 30, 2024
29th & 30th December 2024 current affairs
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We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 30th December current affairs 2024, curated from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs December 2024 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation

National news

India to host World Audio Visual Entertainment Summit – WAVES for first time in 2025

Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced in his ‘Mann Ki Baat’ programme that India will host the World Audio Visual Entertainment Summit (WAVES) for the first time in 2025.

Objective: WAVES aims to showcase India’s creative talent to a global audience, emphasizing its vibrant and diverse audiovisual entertainment industry.

Role of Youth:
- The PM highlighted the pivotal role of young creators in the preparation for WAVES.
- He appreciated the enthusiasm and innovation of the youth, showcasing India’s dynamic creator economy.
Significance for Economy: WAVES aligns with India’s vision to become a $5 trillion economy, leveraging the growth of the media, entertainment, and creator economy sectors.

Cultural Tribute to Iconic Figures of Indian Cinema

Prime Minister Modi paid homage to the 100th birth anniversaries of legendary figures of Indian cinema in 2024:
- Raj Kapoor: Known as the “Showman of Indian Cinema.”
- Mohammed Rafi: Renowned playback singer whose melodious voice transcended generations.
- Akkineni Nageswara Rao (ANR): A stalwart of Telugu cinema, often referred to as “Natasamrat” (King of Acting).
First Commercial Aircraft Lands Successfully at Navi Mumbai International Airport

The first commercial aircraft successfully landed today on the runway of Navi Mumbai International Airport. The IndiGo A320, which took off from Mumbai Airport, made a direct landing at Navi Mumbai International Airport. Following the successful landing, the aircraft was given an air salute. The certification test also included a technical evaluation of landing and take-off manoeuvres. Senior officials from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Airports Authority of India (AAI), and other key agencies, including senior officials from CIDCO, were present for the event.

Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA):
- Located in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
- Developed by CIDCO in collaboration with private partners.
- Expected to become a major aviation hub, easing the burden on Mumbai’s Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport.
- Designed to handle 60 million passengers annually once fully operational.
Economy news

Monthly Per Capita Expenditure increases by 9% in rural areas & around 8% in urban areas in 2023-24

The Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (MPCE) has increased by nine percent in rural areas and around eight percent in urban areas in 2023-24 from the level of 2022-23. According to the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey 2023-24 released by the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation, the average MPCE in rural India has been estimated to be 4 thousand 122 rupees. The average MPCE in urban India has been estimated to be six thousand 996 rupees.

Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (MPCE):

Overall Increase:
- Rural Areas: 9% increase in MPCE from 2022-23 to 2023-24.
- Urban Areas: 8% increase in MPCE during the same period.
Average MPCE:
- Rural India: Estimated at ₹4,122 per month.
- Urban India: Estimated at ₹6,996 per month.
Survey Coverage:
- The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey 2023-24 was conducted by the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation.
- It covered over 2.6 lakh households nationwide, providing a comprehensive analysis of consumption patterns.
Urban vs Rural Consumption: Faster Growth in Rural Consumption: Data indicates that rural consumption is growing faster than urban consumption.

Declining Urban-Rural Consumption Gap:
- The urban-rural consumption gap in MPCE has narrowed significantly.
- The gap decreased from 84% in 2011-12 to 71% in 2022-23.
Expenditure Breakdown:

Non-Food Items:
- In both rural and urban areas, non-food items constitute the major part of the average household expenditure.
- Rural Areas: 53% of MPCE is spent on non-food items.
- Urban Areas: 60% of MPCE is spent on non-food items.
Food Items:
- Beverages, refreshments, and processed foods continue to be major contributors to food expenditure in both rural and urban households.
- These items form a significant part of the food basket, indicating changing dietary patterns in both sectors.
Sports news

Konery Humpy crowned 2024 FIDE Women’s World Rapid Champion for record second time

Golden Era For Indian Chess”: Koneru Humpy After Scripting HistoryGrandmaster Koneru Humpy capped off a wonderful year for Indian chess. “Golden Era For Indian Chess”: Koneru Humpy After Scripting History

Grandmaster Koneru Humpy capped off a wonderful year for Indian chess, defeating Irene Sukandar of Indonesia to emerge the FIDE Women’s World Rapid Chess champion in New York Humpy had won the event back in 2019 at Georgia and the Indian No. 1 is only the second player after China’s Ju Wenjun to clinch the title more than once.

D Gukesh’s Achievement:
- Defeated China’s Ding Liren to become the World Classical Chess Champion.
- Event held in Singapore, marking a historic milestone for India.
Chess Olympiad Success:
- India won gold medals in both the Open and Women’s categories in the 2024 Chess Olympiad held in Budapest.
- First-ever gold medals in these categories for India.
Golden Era of Indian Chess:
- The year 2024 witnessed remarkable achievements, including individual and team victories.
- India’s dominance in chess highlights the strength and depth of its players.
17-year-old from Mumbai becomes the youngest female in world to scale highest peaks on each of 7 continents

Kaamya Karthikeyan, a 17-year-old student from Navy Children School in Mumbai, has made history by becoming the youngest female in the world to scale the highest peaks on each of the seven continents. Demonstrating an extraordinary feat of mountaineering prowess, the 17-year-old adventurer has conquered Africa’s Mt Kilimanjaro, Europe’s Mt Elbrus, Australia’s Mt Kosciuszko, South America’s Mt Aconcagua, North America’s Mt Denali, Asia’s Mt Everest and culminating the current climb in Antarctica.

Seven Summits Conquered:
- Africa: Mt Kilimanjaro
- Europe: Mt Elbrus
- Australia: Mt Kosciuszko
- South America: Mt Aconcagua
- North America: Mt Denali
- Asia: Mt Everest (scaled at the age of 16)
- Antarctica: Mt Vincent (summited on December 24, 2024, at 17:20 hrs Chilean Standard Time)
The Climb to Mt Vincent (Antarctica): Kaamya reached the summit of Mt Vincent along with her father, Commander S. Karthikeyan, marking the completion of the Seven Summits Challenge.

Significance of the Achievement:

This incredible accomplishment places Kaamya in the record books as the youngest female to complete the Seven Summits Challenge, a rare and prestigious mountaineering feat.

She was just 7 years old when she embarked on her first trek in Uttarakhand, marking the beginning of her passion for mountaineering.

Awards and Recognition:
- In 2021, Kaamya was awarded the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Shakti Puraskar, India’s highest national honor for young achievers.
- She has also received accolades from Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his Mann-ki-Baat for her remarkable achievements.
Banking news

RBI Constitutes 8-Member Committee for Ethical AI in Financial Sector (FREE-AI)

In December 2024, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced the formation of an 8-member committee to develop a framework for the responsible and ethical enablement of artificial intelligence (AI) in the financial sector. The committee is named FREE-AI (Framework for Responsible and Ethical Enablement of AI).

Committee Leadership: The committee will be chaired by Pushpak Bhattacharya, a Professor from the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT-B), Mumbai.

Timeline: The committee is expected to submit its report within 6 months from the date of its first meeting.

Key Functions and Mandates:
- Examine AI Adoption: The committee will assess the current level of AI adoption in the financial services sector, both globally and in India.
- Review Regulatory Approaches: It will review existing regulatory and supervisory frameworks on AI in the financial sector across the world, with a particular focus on how these approaches can be adapted to India.
- Identify Risks and Mitigation: The committee will identify potential risks related to AI and recommend a framework for evaluation, mitigation, and monitoring of AI-related risks in financial institutions (FIs) such as banks, Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs), and FinTechs.
- Recommend Ethical AI Governance: It will propose a framework that includes governance mechanisms for the responsible and ethical adoption of AI models in India’s financial sector.
- Secretarial Support: The RBI’s FinTech Department will provide secretarial support to the committee.
RBI:
- Founded: 1 April 1935, Kolkata
- Incumbent: Sanjay Malhotra
- Headquarters: Mumbai
ICICI Bank and Times Internet Launch ‘Times Black ICICI Bank Credit Card’

In December 2024, ICICI Bank and Times Internet, the digital arm of Times of India (TOI) Group, launched the “Times Black ICICI Bank Credit Card”, a super-premium co-branded metal card aimed at offering exclusive benefits to high-net-worth individuals.

Key Features of the Card:

Reward Points: Cardholders can earn 2.5% reward points on international spends and 2% reward points on domestic purchases.

Exclusive Access: The card provides exclusive access to premium events organized by The Times Group, ensuring privileged experiences for its holders.

Luxury Travel Benefits:
- The card offers a wide array of luxury travel services, including:
- Visa services at home for a hassle-free experience.
- Unlimited access to lounges at over 1,300 international airports.
- Stay at luxurious hotels and resorts.
- Airport transfers for added convenience.
- Exclusive access to ‘The Quorum Club’, a premium business and lifestyle club.
- Lifestyle management services by CribLife, a luxury concierge service.
Design and Symbolism: The inaugural edition of the card is crafted from metal infused with historic printing plates of The Times of India, symbolizing a blend of legacy and innovation.

Powered by Visa: The Times Black ICICI Bank Credit Card is powered by Visa Inc., ensuring seamless transactions and global acceptance.

ICIC bank:
- Headquarters: Mumbai
- Founded: January 1994 in Vadodara
- Head: Sandeep Bakhshi
PNB and FCAOI Sign MoU to Enhance Agricultural Infrastructure

In December 2024, Punjab National Bank (PNB) and the Federation of Cold Storage Associations of India (FCAOI) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to promote agricultural infrastructure and develop the cold chain network across India. The MoU was signed in the presence of key officials from both organizations, including:
- Atul Kumar Goel, Managing Director (MD) & CEO of PNB
- Kalyan Kumar, Executive Director (ED) of PNB
- Mukesh Aggarwal, President of FCAOI
Key Points:

Objective:
- The MoU aims to promote innovation and upgrade agricultural infrastructure, particularly focusing on storage and cold chain solutions that benefit farmers and agribusinesses.
- The initiative will help reduce post-harvest losses by improving cold storage facilities, which is expected to lead to better prices for farmers and enhance economic growth in rural areas.
Impact on Farmers: The modern storage infrastructure will help farmers by reducing spoilage and waste, ensuring that produce can be stored and transported efficiently. This will result in better profits for farmers and a more sustainable agricultural supply chain.

Economic Growth in Rural Areas: The upgrade in cold storage and agricultural infrastructure is expected to boost the agricultural economy, creating opportunities for rural development and job creation in the sector.

Defence news

18th India -Nepal Military exercise Surya Kiran to commence in Nepal
- The 18th edition of the Surya Kiran military exercise is set to take place in Saljhandi, Nepal from 31st December 2024 to 13th January 2025.
- The Indian Army contingent, consisting of 334 personnel, has already departed for the event. The exercise is hosted alternately by the Indian Army and Nepali Army each year.
- The 17th edition of Surya Kiran was held in Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand from 24th November to 7th December 2023.
Participants: The Indian contingent for the 18th edition includes members from the 11th Gorkha Rifles Regiment, which is historically significant as the first regiment of the Indian Army raised after India’s independence.

The Nepali Army will be represented by the Srijung Battalion.

Objectives and Key Features: The primary aim of Surya Kiran is to foster closer bilateral military relations between India and Nepal, enhancing mutual trust, and sharpening professional skills.

Key Focus Areas of the exercise:
- Joint operations in jungle warfare and counter-terrorism operations.
- Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations, in line with the UN Charter.
- The exercise will provide both armies with an opportunity to enhance their combat skills and operational capabilities, especially in challenging environments.
India-Nepal Defence Relations:
- Strong Defence Ties: India and Nepal share strong military connections, with Nepali Gorkhas being recruited into the Indian Army.
- Honorary Ranks: Both countries traditionally confer honorary ranks on each other’s military heads. Recently, General Upendra Dwivedi (Indian COAS) was awarded the honorary rank of General of the Nepali Army by the Nepali President, and General Ashok Raj Sigdel (Nepali COAS) was honored with the honorary rank of General of the Indian Army by Indian President Droupadi Murmu in December 2024.
Nepal:
- Capital: Kathmandu
- Currency: Nepalese Rupee
- Official language: Nepali
Appointment news

‘Dr. Sandip Shah’ Appointed new Chairperson of NABL-QCI

Government of India has appointed Dr Sandip Shah as the Chairperson of the National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL). Dr Shah succeeds Prof. Subbanna Ayyappan who conceptualised and launched India’s first Drive-through COVID testing facility.

The NABL is a constituent of the Quality Council of India (QCI) that works to improve the quality of testing and calibration services, ensuring trust in the products and services used by consumers, businesses, and regulators.

About Quality Council of India
- The Quality Council of India was set up in 1996 under the Union Ministry of Commerce.
- It is a joint venture of the government of India and the three premier Industry bodies-Indian Industry represented by the three premier industry associations- FICCI (Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry); ASSOCHAM (Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India); and CII (Confederation of Indian Industry).
- It is registered as a non profit organsiation under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860.
- The nodal agency of the QCI is the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Union Ministry of Commerce & Industry.
Salman Khan and Tiger Shroff as Brand Ambassadors for Kho Kho World Cup 2025

In December 2024, the Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI) announced Salman Khan and Tiger Shroff as the brand ambassadors for the Kho Kho World Cup 2025. The inaugural edition of this event will take place from 13th to 19th January 2025 in New Delhi and Noida, at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium and Noida Indoor Stadium.

Key Highlights:

Announcement Event:

The announcement was made during an event at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, New Delhi, which was attended by KKFI President Sudhanshu Mittal, KKFI General Secretary MS Tyagi, and members of the Indian men’s and women’s Kho Kho teams.

Tournament Details: The Kho Kho World Cup 2025 will feature 21 men’s teams and 20 women’s teams from 24 countries.

Official Logo and Tagline: The official logo and tagline for the World Cup, #TheWorldGoesKho, were unveiled by KKFI in October 2024.

State news

Government of Andhra Pradesh Declares ‘Ratha Saptami’ as a State Festival

In December 2024, the Andhra Pradesh (AP) government announced the declaration of ‘Ratha Saptami’ as a State festival. The festival will be celebrated for three days at the Sri Suryanarayana Swamy Temple in Arasavalli, Srikakulam, AP.

Key Highlights:

Festival Dates for 2025: Ratha Saptami will be celebrated from February 4 to February 6, 2025.

Significance:
- The festival marks the birthday of Lord Surya (Sun God), also known as Surya Jayanti.
- It emphasizes Andhra Pradesh’s cultural and spiritual heritage, boosts the local economy, and enhances religious tourism in the state.
Cultural Importance: Ratha Saptami is symbolic of the transition from winter to spring, marking the harvesting season’s commencement.

About Ratha Saptami:

Religious Observance:
- Celebrated in the Hindu month of Magha (February/March), the festival is dedicated to Lord Sri Suryanarayana Swamy.
- Devotees worship the Sun God as a symbol of energy and prosperity.
Venue: The main festivities occur at the Sri Suryanarayana Swamy Temple in Arasavalli, a renowned pilgrimage site in Srikakulam Town, Andhra Pradesh.

Andhra Pradesh:
- Capital: Amaravati
- Chief minister: N. Chandrababu Naidu
- Governor: Syed Abdul Nazeer
Punjab Achieves 100% Piped Water Supply Under Jal Jeevan Mission

In December 2024, Punjab became the fifth state in India to achieve 100% piped water supply to rural households under the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) – Har Ghar Jal (HGJ) Scheme. This achievement was announced by Hardeep Singh Mundian, the Ministry for Water Supply and Sanitation of Punjab, under the leadership of Chief Minister Bhagwant Singh Mann.

Key Highlights:
- 100% Piped Water Supply: Punjab is the fifth state to provide 100% piped water supply, benefiting rural households with clean drinking water.
- Milestone: As of December 2024, 11 states and Union Territories (UTs) have achieved 100% coverage, and all states/UTs have over 50% coverage in rural tap water connections.
Punjab’s Ongoing Development Projects:

Water Quality and Scarcity Solutions: 15 major canal water projects with an investment of Rs. 2,174 crore are being implemented across 1,706 villages to benefit around 25 lakh people.

Open Defecation Free (ODF) Status: All villages in Punjab have achieved ODF status under the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), with the construction of 5.64 lakh individual toilets and 1,340 community toilets.

Waste Management:
- Waste management facilities have been established in 3,366 villages for solid waste and 9,909 villages for grey water management.
- 23 plastic waste management units have been set up at the block level in rural areas.
Biogas Plants: 20 biogas plants have been set up to manage cow dung in shelters in partnership with Punjab Energy Development Agency (PEDA).

About Har Ghar Jal Scheme:

Launched by: Ministry of Jal Shakti (MoJS), Government of India in 2019.

Objective: To provide 55 liters of tap water per person per day to every rural household.

States and UTs with 100% Tap Water Supply:
- Goa, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Puducherry, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Arunachal Pradesh, Haryana, and Punjab.
- Conclusion: Punjab’s achievement in providing piped water to rural households reflects the state’s commitment to improving water supply, sanitation, and overall rural development.
Punjab:
- Capital: Chandigarh
- Chief minister: Bhagwant Mann
- Governor: Gulab Chand Kataria
India’s First Sports Management Mobile App Launched in Andhra Pradesh

On December , 2024, the Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh (SAAP) launched the ‘Kreeda App’, India’s first mobile app dedicated to enhancing sports management. The app was launched by Mandipalli Ramprasadh Reddy, Minister for Youth and Sports of Andhra Pradesh, at an event in Vijayawada.

Key Features of the Kreeda App:

One-Stop Solution for Athletes: Athletes can update profiles, track performance, and access achievement certificates via DigiLocker.

Enhanced Sports Management: Features for tracking coaches’ performance, real-time inventory management, addressing grievances, and asset management.

Central Sports Calendar: A comprehensive calendar to help players apply for tournaments efficiently.

Transparency and Efficiency:
- Prevents misuse of sports quota certificates.
- Facilitates player registration, performance tracking, tournament applications, and equipment management.
Significance:

Digital Achievement Certificates: Currently, only Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu issue digital certificates for sports achievements or participation.

Impact:
- The app aims to streamline sports administration, making it easier for athletes and officials to manage sports activities while promoting transparency and efficiency.
- This innovative step by Andhra Pradesh demonstrates a significant stride toward leveraging technology to support sports development and administration in India.
Andhra Pradesh:
- Capital: Amaravati
- Chief minister: N. Chandrababu Naidu
- Governor: Syed Abdul Nazeer
Science and tech news

ISRO to Launch SpaDeX Mission

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to launch its Space Docking Experiment, SpaDeX, on Monday. In an interview, Minister of State for Space Dr. Jitendra Singh today said that ISRO’s year-end mission will be a historic one as it will seek the rare feat of docking or merging two satellites in space.

Significance:
- Marks India’s entry into the elite group of nations mastering space docking technology.
- Demonstrates India’s indigenous capability in advanced space technologies.
Technology:
- PSLV Rocket: Launch vehicle for SpaDeX.
- Bhartiya Docking System: Indigenous system used for docking.
Minister’s Remarks:
- Dr. Jitendra Singh emphasized the mission as a historic milestone for India’s space program.
- Highlights ISRO’s capability to execute complex space maneuvers.
- This mission will position India at the forefront of space exploration and technology.
ISRO:
- Founded: 15 August 1969
- Headquarters: Bengaluru
- Head: Sreedhara Panicker Somanath
Ranks and report news

Country records highest-ever coal production in the year 2023-24.

India has witnessed the highest ever coal production in 2023-24 year. The all-India coal production in the year 2023-24 was 997.826 Million Tonne (MT) in comparison to 893.191 Million Tonne in the year 2022-23 with a growth of about 11.71 percent. The Ministry of coal in statement said that the country has supplied about 963.11 MT of coal till 15th of this Month.

Coal Production Figures:
- Total coal production in 2023-24: 997.826 Million Tonnes (MT).
- Comparison with 2022-23: Increased from 893.191 MT, showing a growth of 11.71%.
- Coal supply till 15th December 2023: 963.11 MT.
Coking Coal Production:
- Domestic raw coking coal production: 66.821 MT in 2023-24.
- Future projections: Under the ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative, domestic coking coal production is expected to reach 140 MT in the next five years.
Significance:
- India achieved its highest-ever coal production, reflecting the success of government initiatives and increased domestic supply.
- Focus on increasing self-reliance in coal production, reducing dependence on imports.
IRDAI Annual Report 2023-24: Key Highlights of Non-Life Insurance Industry

According to the Annual Report 2023-24 of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI), claims ratio(the net incurred claims to net earned premium) of non-life insurance industry declined to 82.52% for the Financial Year 2023-24(FY24), compared to 82.95% in FY23.

Total Premium Underwritten:
- The non-life insurance sector in India underwrote a total direct premium of Rs 2.90 lakh crore in FY24, showing a growth of 12.76% from the previous year.
- The growth was mainly driven by increased premiums in health and motor insurance.
Insurance Penetration: Insurance penetration in India stood at 3.7% for FY24, a decrease from 4% in FY23.

Public vs Private Sector Performance: Public sector general insurers saw an increase in their contribution by 8.88%, rising from Rs 82,891 crore in FY23 to Rs 90,252 crore in FY24.

Private sector insurers, including standalone health insurers, underwrote Rs 1.88 trillion in FY24, up from Rs 1.58 trillion in FY23.

Life Insurance Benefits: The life insurance sector paid total benefits of Rs 5.77 lakh crore in FY24, accounting for 70.22% of the net premium.

About IRDAI:
- Constitution and Establishment: IRDAI was constituted in 1999 and became a statutory body in April 2000.
- Chairperson: Debasish Panda
- Headquarters: Hyderabad, Telangana
Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) for 2023-24

In December 2024, the National Statistical Office (NSO), under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), released the results of the Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) for the period October 2023 to September 2024. The report highlights key developments in the unincorporated non-agricultural sector:

Key Highlights:

Employment Creation: Fresh employment generation slowed during the period, with an increase of 10.97 million jobs, down from 11.74 million in the previous year (October 2022-September 2023).

Growth in Establishments: The number of new establishments in the unincorporated sector grew significantly, from 5.34 million in 2022-23 to 8.35 million in 2023-24.

Total Number of Establishments: The total number of unincorporated establishments increased from 65 million in 2022-23 to 73.4 million in 2023-24, showing a growth of 12.48%.

Employment in the Sector: The number of workers employed in the sector rose from 109.6 million (October 2022-September 2023) to 120.6 million (October 2023-September 2024).

Conclusion: The ASUSE report reflects continued growth in the unincorporated non-agricultural sector, with a notable increase in the number of establishments and workers employed. However, the growth in fresh job creation showed a slight decline compared to the previous year.

About MoSPI: Minister of State (MOS) (Independent Charge): Rao Inderjit Singh (Constituency: Gurugram, Haryana)

Obituary news

Architect of the Car Revolution in India Osamu Suzuki passes away

Osamu Suzuki, founder and former chairman of Suzuki Motor Corporation, passed away at the age of 94. He was suffering from lymphoma, a type of blood cancer.

Legacy and Contributions:
- Leadership at Suzuki: Osamu Suzuki was at the helm of Suzuki Motor Corporation for over 40 years, during which he transformed the company into a global automobile powerhouse. He played a crucial role in establishing Maruti Suzuki India Limited, which revolutionized the Indian car industry with the Maruti 800 — a small, affordable car that became a symbol of personal mobility for millions in India.
- Suzuki’s Entry into India: Despite initial resistance from both the Japanese embassy in India and the general reluctance of foreign companies to invest in India at the time, Suzuki took a bold step to establish operations in the country. This decision, driven by Suzuki’s vision, led to the creation of Maruti Udyog Limited in 1981, which later became Maruti Suzuki India Limited. His investment laid the foundation for Suzuki’s success in India, making it a key player in the global automobile market.
Business Expansion:

Partnerships: Under Suzuki’s leadership, Suzuki forged strategic ties with General Motors and Volkswagen, expanding the company’s footprint in North America and Europe.

Global Expansion: Suzuki became a significant player in small cars and motorcycles, with a focus on affordable and fuel-efficient vehicles.

Maruti Suzuki’s Impact in India:

Maruti 800: Launched in 1983, the Maruti 800 changed the landscape of India’s passenger car industry, providing affordable cars for the masses.
- Production Milestones: Maruti Suzuki India now produces over 20 lakh vehicles per year. India has become a key hub for small cars, and Suzuki’s cumulative production in India reached 3 crore vehicles by March 2024, making India the second country after Japan to achieve this milestone.
- Recognition: In 2007, the Government of India conferred the Padma Bhushan, India’s third-highest civilian award, on Osamu Suzuki for his monumental contribution to the Indian automobile sector and for strengthening the India-Japan relationship.
Renowned Malayalam Writer and Filmmaker MT Vasudevan Nair Passes Away at 91

MT Vasudevan Nair, renowned Malayalam writer, filmmaker, and recipient of the Padma Bhushan, passed away at the age of 91 in Kozhikode, Kerala. Born in 1933 in Kudallur, Kerala, MT Vasudevan Nair, popularly known as MT, was a towering figure in Malayalam literature and cinema.

About MT Vasudevan Nair:

Career in Journalism:
- Began his career as a sub-editor at the Malayalam weekly ‘Mathrubhumi’ in 1956.
- Became the editor of ‘Mathrubhumi’ in 1968.
Literary Contributions:

Authored 9 novels, 19 collections of short stories, and numerous essays and memoirs over his 70-year career.

Notable works include:
- Naalukettu
- Randamoozham
- Manju
- Kaalam
- Asuravithu
- Iruttinte Athmavu
Contributions to Cinema:
- Directed 6 films, including the critically acclaimed Nirmalyam.
- Directed two documentaries.
Wrote approximately 54 screenplays, earning:
- 4 National Awards
- 11 Kerala State Awards
Awards and Honors: Conferred the Padma Bhushan in 2005, India’s third-highest civilian honor.

Books and author news

Deepa Malik’s Memoir ‘Bring It On: The Incredible Story of My Life’ to be Released by HarperCollins India

In December 2024, HarperCollins Publishers India Private Limited, headquartered in Gurgaon, Haryana, announced the release of “Bring It On: The Incredible Story of My Life”, a memoir by Deepa Malik, India’s first female Paralympic medalist.

Highlights of the Memoir:

Inspiring Journey:
- The book narrates Deepa Malik’s incredible journey of resilience and determination.
- She overcame challenges such as surviving three spinal tumors, societal biases, patriarchy, and political struggles.
- Her story exemplifies her fight to excel as a wheelchair-liberated athlete.
Achievements and Accolades:
- Deepa Malik is a leading para-athlete with 23 international medals to her name.
- She created history by becoming India’s first female Paralympic medalist, winning a silver medal at the Rio Paralympics 2016.
Recognized with numerous honors, including:

Padma Shri: Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award (now Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna)

Arjuna Award: Four Limca Book of Records (LBR) entries.

Leadership Roles:
- Served as the first female president of the Paralympic Committee of India (PCI).
- Currently represents South Asia on the board of the Asian Paralympic Committee (APC).
- Holds three honorary doctorates and the Asian Order for her contributions.
December 30, 2024