Tag: current affairs

We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 17th, 18th and 19th May 2025 current affairs from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs of 17th, 18th and 19th May 2025 current affairscoverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation.

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National news

IEPFA & SEBI Launch ‘Niveshak Shivir’ to Help Investors Claim Unclaimed Shares & Dividends

In May 2025, the Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA), under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), partnered with SEBI to launch the nationwide initiative ‘Niveshak Shivir’ aimed at helping investors reclaim unclaimed dividends and shares. The initiative features investor helpdesks in Mumbai and Ahmedabad offering face-to-face support via Registrars and Transfer Agents (RTAs) such as Link Intime India and KFin Technologies. Demat shareholders are advised to contact companies directly for shares due for transfer to IEPFA, while physical shareholders can verify and claim through the IEPFA portal or Form IEPF-5. A digital search tool aids shareholders in tracking shares, with an Integrated Digital Portal (IDP) set to launch by August 2025 for real-time claims processing. IEPFA, established in 2016, is headed by CEO Anita Shah Akella, and SEBI, statutory since 1992, is chaired by Tuhin Kanta Pandey.

DST Launches India’s First Cluster of CCU Testbeds to Reduce Cement Industry Emissions

In May 2025, the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Ministry of Science & Technology, launched India’s first cluster of five Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) testbeds targeting emission reduction in the cement industry. The pilot facility is in Ballabgarh, Haryana, with others in UP, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Goa. Unveiled during the 27th National Technology Day on May 11, 2025, by Union MoS Dr. Jitendra Singh, the testbeds operate under a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model to foster translational R&D with academic and industry collaboration.

Union MoS Dr. Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani Addresses Bharat 6G 2025 to Boost India’s 6G Leadership

On May 14, 2025, Dr. Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani, Union Minister of State for Communications and Rural Development, addressed the Bharat 6G 2025 International Conference in New Delhi. Highlighting India’s position among the top six countries globally in 6G patent filings, he announced a Rs 300 crore funding for 111 research projects. The nine-year Bharat 6G Vision (2022–2031), launched by PM Narendra Modi, aims for India to become a global 6G leader by 2030, focusing on R&D, field trials, and global standards via the Bharat 6G Alliance. The initiative is poised to transform healthcare, education, agriculture, and smart cities.

DFCCIL Launches India’s Longest Rail Flyover Girder at Kalamboli, Maharashtra

In May 2025, the Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited (DFCCIL), under the Ministry of Railways, installed India’s longest rail flyover girder—an open web steel girder measuring 110.5 metres and weighing 1,500 tonnes—on the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor at Kalamboli, Maharashtra. The girder was launched with a 34-metre radial shift over active railway tracks without disrupting train operations, showcasing advanced engineering and precise coordination. DFCCIL, established in 2006 with headquarters in New Delhi, is tasked with developing dedicated freight corridors to enhance logistics and freight transport efficiency nationwide.

State news

Tamil Nadu’s L.R. Srihari Becomes India’s 86th Chess Grandmaster

On 15 May 2025, L.R. Srihari, a 19-year-old from Tamil Nadu, became India’s 86th Grandmaster by securing his third GM norm at the Asian Individual Men’s Chess Championship 2025 in Al-Ain, UAE, defeating GM Iniyan Paneerselvam. His first GM norm came at the Budapest GM Round-Robin (August 2023), the second at the Qatar Masters (October 2023), and he crossed the 2500 Elo rating at the 2024 Dubai Open. Notably, P. Shyaamnikhil, also from Tamil Nadu, became the 85th GM in May 2024. The FIDE Grandmaster title requires three norms and a 2500+ Elo rating.
🧠 First Indian GM: Viswanathan Anand (1988) | First Woman GM: Koneru Humpy (2002)
🏢 FIDE Headquarters: Lausanne, Switzerland | President: Arkady Dvorkovich

Uttar Pradesh Launches Mukhyamantri Suposhan Abhiyan to Tackle Child Malnutrition

In May 2025, the Government of Uttar Pradesh launched the Mukhyamantri Suposhan Abhiyan, a nutrition campaign targeting 11.13 lakh children (aged 3–6) in 8 aspirational districts — Chitrakoot, Fatehpur, Bahraich, Shravasti, Balrampur, Siddharthnagar, Chandauli, and Sonebhadra. The program provides a 400-calorie, 15–20g protein morning snack (flavored milk, fruits, millet-chikki) daily under the Take-Home Ration (THR) model, implemented via Bal Vikas Sewa Evam Pushtahar Vibhag. With a budget of ₹254.83 crore (₹44/child/day), the initiative includes health monitoring to address anaemia, stunting, and underweight conditions.
📌 Builds on: Sambhav Abhiyan | Focus: Nutrition Security & Child Welfare

Rajasthan’s Traditional Sangri Bean Receives GI Tag

In May 2025, Rajasthan’s traditional Sangri bean was granted a Geographical Indication (GI) tag by the Geographical Indication Registry (GIR), Chennai, under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (DPIIT). Sangri, a slender bean from the Khejri tree (Prosopis cineraria — the state tree of Rajasthan), is key to the popular dish ‘Kher Sangri’ and is found mainly in Jaisalmer and Barmer. The GI tag application was filed in January 2025 by Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University (SKRAU), Bikaner.
🏷️ Darjeeling Tea was the first Indian GI product; as of May 2025, Uttar Pradesh leads with 77 GI products.
📌 GI governed by: GI Act, 1999 | Valid for 10 years, renewable
🏢 GIR HQ: Chennai (Established 2003)
🗺️ Rajasthan CM: Bhajan Lal Sharma | Governor: Haribhau Kishanrao Bagade | Capital: Jaipur
🌿 National Parks: Ranthambore, Keoladeo

Award news

President Murmu Presents 58th Jnanpith Award to Gulzar and Jagadguru Ramabhadracharya

On 16 May 2025, President Droupadi Murmu presented the prestigious 58th Jnanpith Award, India’s highest literary honour, at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. Jagadguru Ramabhadracharya was recognized for his remarkable contributions to Sanskrit scholarship, while celebrated Urdu poet and lyricist Gulzar (Sampooran Singh Kalra) was honoured for his exceptional work in Urdu literature, although he could not attend the ceremony. Instituted in 1965 by Bharatiya Jnanpith, the award includes a cash prize of ₹11 lakh, a bronze idol of Vagdevi (Goddess Saraswati), and a citation, recognizing literary excellence across Indian and English languages.

Rank and report news

Cristiano Ronaldo Tops Forbes 2025 Highest-Paid Athletes List

In May 2025, Cristiano Ronaldo topped Forbes’ list of the world’s highest-paid athletes for the third consecutive year and fifth time overall, earning a total of USD 275 million between May 2024 and May 2025. His on-field earnings were USD 225 million, primarily from Saudi club Al-Nassr, and off-field earnings amounted to USD 50 million from endorsements and business deals. Stephen Curry ranked second with USD 156 million, followed by Tyson Fury at USD 146 million. Notably, no Indian or female athletes featured in the Top 50. Forbes, founded in 1917, is headquartered in Jersey City, USA, and led by CEO Sherry Phillips.

UNESCO and G20 Collaborate to Promote Ethical AI Governance

In May 2025, UNESCO and the G20, under South Africa’s Presidency, launched a joint initiative to promote ethical AI governance in the public sector, aiming to build technical capacity and ethical awareness among civil servants. A global workshop held on 11 April 2025 in Gqeberha, South Africa, focused on role-specific AI training, human rights-based AI implementation, and public-private partnerships, featuring examples like Singapore’s “AI Wednesdays.” Since 2021, UNESCO’s programme has supported over 50 countries, advocating for inclusive and people-centric AI governance, aligned with the AI and Digital Transformation Competency Framework.

OPEC Forecasts 3.39% Rise in India’s Oil Demand in 2025

In May 2025, OPEC projected a 3.39% increase in India’s oil demand in 2025, from 5.55 million bpd to 5.74 million bpd, citing the country’s growing energy needs. Demand is expected to rise further to 5.99 million bpd in 2026, surpassing China’s growth rate of 1.5% (2025) and 1.25% (2026). India remains the third-largest oil consumer after the USA (projected 20.5 million bpd in 2025) and China. Global oil demand is forecast to grow by 1.3 million bpd annually through 2026. OPEC, founded in 1960 in Baghdad, has 12 member nations, with headquarters in Vienna, and is currently led by Secretary General Haitham Al Ghais. India is not a member of OPEC.

TCS, HDFC, Airtel & Infosys in Kantar BrandZ 2025 Top 100 Global Brands

The Kantar BrandZ 2025 report ranked TCS (45th, USD 57B), HDFC Bank (56th, USD 44B), Airtel (66th, USD 37B), and Infosys (73rd, USD 33B) among the Top 100 most valuable global brands, marking strong global presence of Indian companies. Apple retained the top position with a brand value of USD 1.3 trillion, followed by Google (USD 944B), Microsoft (USD 884B), Amazon (USD 866B), and Nvidia (USD 509B). The combined brand value of the top 100 reached a record USD 10.7 trillion, reflecting a 29% YoY growth.

India and EU Launch ₹391 Crore Research Projects on Marine Plastic and Green Hydrogen

On 15 May 2025, India and the EU jointly launched two major research projects worth ₹391 crore under the India-EU Trade and Technology Council (TTC). The initiatives focus on Marine Plastic Litter (MPL) and Waste-to-Green Hydrogen (W2GH), co-funded by Horizon Europe and Indian ministries (MoES & MNRE). The MPL project aims to reduce ocean pollutants, aligned with the UN Ocean Science Decade and India’s National Marine Litter Policy. The W2GH project seeks to develop affordable tech for converting biogenic waste into green hydrogen, in line with the EU Hydrogen Strategy and India’s NGHM. TTC, launched in 2023, is India’s first such council and EU’s second, reflecting strategic cooperation in clean tech and sustainability.

Economy news

UN Lowers India’s 2025 GDP Growth Forecast to 6.3%

In May 2025, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA), in its report ‘The World Economic Situation and Prospects as of mid-2025’, revised India’s GDP growth forecast for Calendar Year (CY) 2025 to 6.3%, down from 7.1% in CY24, citing global uncertainties. Despite this, India remains one of the fastest-growing major economies, supported by strong domestic consumption and public investment. The forecast for CY26 is slightly higher at 6.4%. Globally, economic growth is projected at 2.4% in 2025 and 2.5% in 2026, both 40 basis points lower than January 2025 estimates. The report is published by the Global Economic Monitoring Branch under UN-DESA’s Economic Analysis and Policy Division.
UN-DESA Info: Established: 1948 | HQ: New York, USA | Under-Secretary-General: Li Junhua

Appointment news

Arunabha Ghosh Appointed South Asia Envoy for COP30 Climate Summit

In May 2025, Arunabha Ghosh, Founder and CEO of the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW), was appointed as the South Asia Envoy for the upcoming 30th UN Conference of Parties (COP-30), scheduled for November 2025 in Belém, Brazil. He is among 10 international envoys chosen to represent strategic regions and support global climate negotiations. Ghosh, who also serves as Vice-Chair of the UN Committee for Development Policy (UNCDP), will facilitate regional climate dialogue, ensure South Asian perspectives are well-represented, and strengthen communication between regional and global climate stakeholders. The envoys will serve on a voluntary and personal basis, acting as key conduits for regional feedback into the climate process.
About CEEW: CEO – Arunabha Ghosh | HQ – New Delhi | Established – 2010 | Leading climate & energy think tank

Defence news

Indian Army Successfully Conducts Teesta Prahar Exercise in West Bengal

In May 2025, the Indian Army (IA) conducted a large-scale integrated field training exercise Teesta Prahar at the Teesta Field Firing Range, West Bengal, focusing on operational preparedness, inter-unit coordination, and adaptability in challenging riverine terrain. The exercise included Infantry, Artillery, Armoured Corps, Mechanised Infantry, Para SF, Army Aviation, Engineers, and Signals, showcasing next-gen weapon systems and advanced battlefield technologies. It featured tactical drills, adaptive manoeuvres, and operations in adverse weather, emphasizing jointness and synergy.
IA Chief – Gen. Upendra Dwivedi | Motto – Seva Paramo Dharma | Established – 1895 | HQ – New Delhi

DRDO’s DMSRDE Develops Polymeric Membrane for Desalination

The Defence Materials Stores and Research & Development Establishment (DMSRDE), a DRDO lab in Kanpur, UP, developed a nanoporous multi-layered polymeric membrane for high-pressure seawater desalination, specifically for Indian Coast Guard (ICG) vessels. The membrane, developed within 8 months, is chloride corrosion-resistant, enhances plant stability, and was successfully tested on an ICG Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV), awaiting final 500-hour operational approval.
DMSRDE Location – Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh | Function – Advanced defence material research

India Tests Indigenous Bhargavastra Counter-Drone System

India successfully tested the Bhargavastra, an indigenous, low-cost counter-drone system, at Gopalpur, Odisha, developed by Solar Defence and Aerospace Ltd. (SDAL), a subsidiary of Solar Industries India Ltd. (SIIL), Nagpur. The system uses a dual-layer defence—Hard Kill with micro-rockets (20m lethal radius) and Guided Micro-Missiles for precision targeting. It can detect small drones up to 2.5 km, radar range 6–10 km, and includes EO/IR sensors, C4I Command Centre, and modular architecture for jamming/spoofing. Designed for operations across diverse terrains including altitudes above 5,000 m.
SIIL MD & CEO – Manish Satyanarayan Nuwal | Founded – 1983 | HQ – Nagpur, Maharashtra

BEL Signs Contract with Indian Army to Manufacture IDDIS Counter-Drone System

In May 2025, Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), a Navratna DPSU under the Ministry of Defence, signed a contract with the Indian Army to manufacture the Integrated Drone Detection and Interdiction System (IDDIS), jointly developed with DRDO under the Make in India initiative. IDDIS detects, tracks, and neutralizes hostile drones using electronic jamming and high-energy lasers, with a detection range of 5–8 km, and complements the Akashteer air defence system. Since April 7, 2025, BEL secured orders worth ₹572 crore, including SDRs, DCUs, AI-based naval solutions, and more.
BEL CMD – Manoj Jain | HQ – Bengaluru, Karnataka | Founded – 1954
DRDO Chairman – Samir V Kamat | HQ – New Delhi | Founded – 1958

Our comprehensive Current Affairs of May 15th  and 16th 2025 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation.

Edusprint Youtube Channel : Edusprint Academy

National news

Maharashtra Leads in GST Revenue Collection for FY25

Maharashtra has emerged as the top-performing state in Goods and Services Tax (GST) collections for the Financial Year 2024-25 (FY25), recording a total collection of Rs 3,18,497 crore. The state also topped the list for April 2025, with a monthly GST revenue of Rs 41,645 crore. However, the growth rate of Maharashtra’s financial capital declined from 13% in April 2024 to 11% in April 2025.

Gujarat secured the second position with a GST collection of Rs 1,74,938 crore, followed by Karnataka in the third place with Rs 1,43,023 crore.

• The total GST revenue collection in 2024 reached Rs 21.36 lakh crore, the highest since the GST regime was introduced in 2017. This reflects an 8.86% increase compared to the previous year.
• According to the latest data from the Ministry of Finance, GST revenue in April 2025 stood at Rs 2,36,716 crore, marking an annual growth rate of 12.6%.

About the GST Council
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council is a constitutional body formed under the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2016, and is governed by Article 279-A of the Indian Constitution.
Chairperson: Nirmala Sitharaman, Union Finance Minister
Established: 2016

IWAI Opens New Office in Srinagar to Boost River Navigation in Jammu & Kashmir

In May 2025, the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI), headquartered in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, established a new office in Srinagar, located at Transport Bhawan in the Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir (J&K). IWAI operates under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW).

This development aims to strengthen the Inland Water Transport (IWT) sector in J&K. The J&K government provided the office space, and the office became operational on May 13, 2025.

• The Srinagar office will serve as the central hub for IWAI’s operations in the region, overseeing the development of river navigation infrastructure.
• In March 2025, IWAI signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Government of J&K to develop navigation infrastructure on three National Waterways (NWs):
  • NW-26 (River Chenab)
  • NW-49 (River Jhelum)
  • NW-84 (River Ravi)

About Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI)
Chairman: Vijay Kumar
Headquarters: Noida, Uttar Pradesh
Established: 1986

Indore Becomes India’s First Beggar-Free City

In May 2025, the District Magistrate of Indore, Madhya Pradesh, announced that Indore has become the first beggar-free city in India. This achievement is the result of an anti-begging campaign launched in February 2024 aimed at eliminating begging from the city.

The initiative has been recognized by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (MSJE) and a World Bank team as a model project.
Indore is one of the 10 cities where the MSJE launched a pilot project to address the issue of begging.

Key Highlights:

• The city previously had around 5000 beggars, including 500 children, all of whom were rehabilitated.
• Adults were assisted in finding employment, and children were enrolled in schools.
• Individuals found begging at intersections and roads were relocated to rehabilitation centres with food and accommodation provided.
• FIRs were filed against beggars from other states.
• The administration launched a dedicated helpline number for citizens to report beggars through WhatsApp or other platforms, prompting immediate rescue operations.
• A reward of Rs 1000 was offered for credible reports on the presence of beggars.

Illinois Tech Becomes First US University to Establish Campus in India

In May 2025, the Illinois Institute of Technology (Illinois Tech), based in Chicago, USA, became the first American university to receive approval from the University Grants Commission (UGC) of India to open a degree-granting campus in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

The Mumbai campus is scheduled to open in 2026, marking a significant advancement in India–USA educational collaboration.

Key Highlights:

• The campus will offer undergraduate and graduate degrees in Computer Science, Engineering, and Business.
• It will follow the same experiential, industry-aligned curriculum as the Chicago campus, including the Elevate program, which provides research opportunities, internships, and career development.
• Courses will be conducted by an internationally recruited faculty, including visiting professors from Chicago and educators with global academic credentials.

Prof. Ajay Kumar Sood Launches Report on India’s Priority Corridors for Zero Emission Trucking

In May 2025, Prof. Ajay Kumar Sood, the Principal Scientific Advisor (PSA) to the Government of India, launched a report titled India’s Priority Corridors for Zero Emission Trucking in New Delhi. The report was presented by Akshima Ghate, Managing Director of the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI), based in the United States of America (USA).

The report identifies 10 key highway corridors in India that have the highest potential for the adoption of Zero-Emission Trucks (ZETs), aiming to support a national shift toward sustainable freight transportation.

Key Highlights:

• The report was developed with the support of the Centre of Excellence for Zero Emission Trucking – IIT Madras (CoEZET-IIT Madras) in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
• RMI and pManifold Business Private Limited, based in Nagpur, Maharashtra, served as knowledge partners.
• A three-phase process was used to shortlist the top 10 ZET corridors from an initial list of 230, using qualitative and quantitative assessments.
• Key parameters for selection included toll traffic data, supply-demand mapping, stakeholder consultations, and field research.
• Additional criteria included high freight traffic, industrial activity, availability of ancillary services, and grid infrastructure readiness.
• According to the report, long-distance trucks account for nearly 40% of India’s fuel consumption and transport emissions.
• The report also serves as a reference for the PM E-DRIVE scheme, launched in 2024 by the Ministry of Heavy Industries (MHI) with a budget of Rs 500 crore, to promote zero-emission transport solutions in India.

Cargo Handling at Major Indian Ports Grows 4.3% to 855 Million Tonnes in FY25

In May 2025, the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) released official data showing that cargo handling at 12 major Indian ports increased by 4.3%, rising from 819 Million Tonnes (MT) in FY24 to approximately 855 MT in FY25. This growth highlights the resilience and capacity of Indian ports to manage rising trade volumes.

Key factors contributing to this increase include higher container throughput (10%), fertilizer cargo handling (13%), Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants (POL) cargo handling (3%), and miscellaneous commodities (31%) compared to the previous year.

• Two major ports, Paradip Port Authority (Odisha) and Deendayal Port Authority (Kandla, Gujarat), crossed the historic milestone of handling over 150 MT cargo in FY25, establishing their importance in maritime trade.
• POL cargo, including crude oil, petroleum products, LPG, and LNG, was the largest category, accounting for 254.5 MT or 29.8% of total cargo handled.

About Indian Ports Association (IPA):
Established in 1966, IPA is a statutory body under the Societies Registration Act, working to promote growth and development of major ports under MoPSW supervision.
Chairman: Sunil Paliwal
Headquarters: New Delhi

Ministry of Commerce and Industry Prohibits Use of Antimicrobials in Aquaculture Sector

In May 2025, the Department of Commerce (DoC) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I), in consultation with the Export Inspection Council (EIC), issued a prohibition on the use of several medically important antimicrobials in the aquaculture sector.

This order was issued under the Export (Quality Control and Inspection) Act, 1963, which provides a legislative framework to ensure the quality of India’s export commodities through strict quality control and inspection.

Key Points:

• The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in food-animal production to promote growth or control diseases is a major driver of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR).
• MoC&I has specified a list of antibiotics, antivirals, and antiprotozoals banned from use in the culture of shrimps, prawns, and other fishery products.
• The ban includes 12 classes of antibiotics and 6 specific antibiotics that are authorized only for human use, as per the World Health Organization (WHO) List of Medically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine.

India Gifts 15 Electric Vehicles to Nepal for Mountain Dialogue

In May 2025, the Government of India (GoI) gifted 15 Electric Vehicles (EVs) to Nepal to support logistics for the inaugural Sagarmatha Sambaad, a global dialogue on climate change scheduled from 16 to 18 May 2025 in Kathmandu, Nepal.

The vehicles were handed over by Indian Ambassador to Nepal, Naveen Srivastava, to Nepal’s Foreign Minister, Arzu Rana Deuba, during a ceremony at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Kathmandu. These EVs will be used to transport delegates, officials, and guests attending the summit.

Key Points:

• Sagarmatha Sambaad is a biennial, multi-stakeholder global dialogue initiated by the Government of Nepal.
• The first edition’s theme is “Climate Change, Mountains, and the Future of Humanity.”
• The dialogue aims to address the critical impacts of climate change on mountainous regions and promote regional and international cooperation for sustainable solutions.

C-DOT and Synergy Quantum Sign MoU to Develop Quantum Key Distribution Technology for Drone-Based Systems

In May 2025, the Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT), the leading telecom Research & Development institution under the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Ministry of Communications (MoC), signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Synergy Quantum India Private Limited, based in Bengaluru, Karnataka.

The collaboration aims to develop drone-based Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems using the decoy-based BB84 protocol with polarization encoding at Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6 or above.

Key Highlights:

• Both organizations will combine their expertise to create QKD technologies suitable for integration into drone platforms.
• The focus is on developing solutions that are cost-effective and scalable, promoting widespread adoption across various sectors.
• Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a secure communication technology based on quantum mechanics that allows two parties to generate a shared secret key for encryption and decryption.
• QKD provides unbreakable encryption, making it ideal for transmitting sensitive data securely.

Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh Inaugurates India’s First Publicly Funded DST-ICGEB Bio-foundry in New Delhi

In May 2025, Dr. Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science & Technology, dedicated India’s first publicly funded DST-ICGEB Bio-foundry during the 31st Board Meeting of Governors of the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) in New Delhi.

Dr. Singh described India as an emerging global biotech destination, noting that the country’s bioeconomy has grown from USD 10 billion in 2014 to USD 165.7 billion in 2024, with a goal to reach USD 300 billion by 2030.

About the ICGEB Bio-foundry:

• A state-of-the-art facility focused on advancing synthetic biology, biomanufacturing, and precision biotechnology.
• A key part of India’s BioE3 policy (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment), approved in August 2024 to promote sustainable and regenerative bioeconomy practices.

India to Launch First Manned Deep Ocean Mission ‘Samudrayaan’ by End of 2026

In May 2025, Balaji Ramakrishnan, Director of the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, announced that India’s first manned deep ocean mission, Samudrayaan, will be launched by 2026.

The mission will deploy the manned submersible vehicle Matsya to reach a depth of 6,000 meters (6 km) under the sea with three scientists onboard. It forms part of India’s Deep Ocean Mission (DOM), aimed at exploring deep-sea resources and advancing scientific research.

This initiative supports India’s goals in the blue economy, deep-sea mining, and underwater biodiversity studies.

Key Points:

• NIOT is the nodal agency for the mission.
• The Matsya submersible weighs 25 tonnes and is India’s 4th generation deep-sea vehicle, built with indigenous technology featuring a titanium hull to withstand deep ocean pressure and temperature.
• The mission will enable the collection of critical samples and provide scientific insights into deep-sea ecosystems.
• A key milestone, a 500-meter depth trial, is expected by the end of 2025.

About Samudrajivah:

• An innovative technology focusing on large-scale open sea fish farming, currently in the demonstration phase.
• It uses electronically monitored submerged fish cages designed for offshore environments, leveraging the nutrient-rich deep sea for fish growth.
• Equipped with sensors to remotely monitor fish biomass, growth, movement, and water quality.

About National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT):
Director: Balaji Ramakrishnan
Headquarters: Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Founded: November 1993

About ICAR Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI):
Director: Dr. Grinson George
Headquarters: Kochi, Kerala

State news

Assam Government Approves “Eti Koli Duti Paat” Scheme and Renames Dibrugarh Airport

In May 2025, the Assam Cabinet, led by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, approved the “Eti Koli Duti Paat” scheme aimed at providing financial assistance to tea garden workers in Assam. Under this scheme, each permanent and temporary worker in Assam’s tea gardens will receive a one-time payment of Rs. 5000. This announcement coincided with the 200th celebration of Assam Tea.

Other Key Approvals by Assam Cabinet:

• Renaming Dibrugarh Airport after Bhupen Hazarika, the legendary singer and cultural icon, to honor his 100th birth anniversary.
• Approval of the Assam Electronics Components Manufacturing Top-Up scheme, 2025.
• Implementation of the Chief Minister’s ‘Jibon Prerna Scheme’ for graduates and scholars, set to launch from October 2025.

Karnataka Launches ‘Petologist App’ for Pet Owners, Clinics, and Farms

In May 2025, N. S. Boseraju, Minister for Science and Technology, Government of Karnataka, launched ‘Petologist’, a veterinary healthcare app developed by Bengaluru-based Transduceideas Technologies LLP. The launch event also featured Dr. Ashok S. Alur, Vice Chancellor of Kodagu University.

About Petologist:

• Supported by the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana – RAFTAAR Agribusiness Incubation (R-ABI) Scheme under the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare.
• A digital healthcare platform connecting pet owners and farmers with licensed veterinarians, clinics, and hospitals.
• Offers features like digital health records, vaccination tracking, medication reminders, farm animal monitoring, and telemedicine consultations to improve animal healthcare in urban and rural areas.
• Incubated at the Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), established in 1889 and located in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh.
• Currently in soft launch phase, accessible to a select group of veterinarians and clinics in Karnataka.

International news

Five Indian Languages Feature in Top 20 Most Spoken Languages Globally in 2025

According to Ethnologue, a leading source on world languages, five Indian languages have made it to the list of the top 20 most spoken languages worldwide in 2025. These include Hindi (3rd), Bengali (7th), Urdu (11th), Marathi (16th), and Telugu (18th).

Hindi, with 609.1 million speakers, ranks as the 3rd most spoken language globally and holds the position of the most spoken language in India.

Key Highlights:

• English is the most widely spoken language in the world in 2025, spoken as a first or second language by 1.53 billion people across 188 countries.
• Chinese Mandarin, the official language of China, ranks 2nd globally with 1.18 billion speakers, and is the largest language by native speakers.
• Spanish, the official language of Spain and 20 other countries, is the 4th most spoken language, with 558.5 million speakers.

GRID 2025: Global Internal Displacements Hit Record 83.4 Million in 2024; India Sees 5.4 Million Cases

On May 13, 2025, the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), based in Geneva, Switzerland, and the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), based in Oslo, Norway, jointly released the Global Report on Internal Displacement (GRID) 2025. The report offers a detailed overview of internal displacement trends worldwide.

The report revealed that the number of internally displaced people (IDPs) reached an all-time high of 83.4 million globally by the end of 2024, doubling since 2018.

In India, displacements reached 5.4 million in 2024, the highest in 12 years.

Key Highlights:

• Sudan recorded 11.6 million IDPs, the highest ever in a single country, primarily due to civil war.
• Other severely affected countries include the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Afghanistan, and Myanmar, each hosting over 3 million IDPs.
• Natural disasters accounted for 45.8 million displacements in 2024 — the highest since IDMC began tracking in 2008.
• In India, floods were responsible for 66% of displacements, including 2.5 million in Assam, which faced its worst floods in over a decade.

About Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC):
Director – Alexandra Bilak
Headquarters – Geneva, Switzerland
Established – 1998

Banking news

SBI Enters Global Top 100 in Net Profit, Becomes Third Indian Company to Achieve This Milestone

Mumbai-based State Bank of India (SBI), India’s largest Public Sector Bank (PSB), has achieved a significant milestone by ranking among the world’s most profitable companies.

With a net profit of USD 9.2 billion (Rs. 77,561 crore) in Financial Year 2024-25 (FY25), SBI is placed 98th globally in annual earnings, according to Bloomberg data.

Key Points:

• SBI is the third Indian company to enter the global top 100 most profitable companies after ONGC (2009) and Reliance Industries Limited (2021).
• The bank’s rise is driven by a 31% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) in net profit over the past five years.
• This achievement follows nearly a decade since SBI’s merger with five associate banks, positioning it among the world’s top 50 banks by assets.

Key Highlights:

• SBI now ranks alongside global giants such as Alphabet, Apple, NVIDIA, and JPMorgan Chase.
• Alphabet tops the list with profits of USD 111 billion, highlighting the strong earnings in the tech sector.
• Saudi Aramco follows with USD 105 billion, showing the profitability of the energy sector.
• Other tech leaders like Apple, Microsoft, NVIDIA, and Meta are also in the top 10.
• The list is dominated by USA companies with 43 entries, followed by China with 19, and Germany with five companies.

About State Bank of India (SBI):

• SBI is a Public Sector Bank and financial services company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• In 2017, SBI merged with five associates: State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur, State Bank of Hyderabad, State Bank of Mysore, State Bank of Patiala, State Bank of Travancore, and the Bharatiya Mahila Bank.
• Chairman: Challa Sreenivasulu Setty
• Established: 1955
• Tagline: Pure Banking, Nothing Else

Canara Bank Launches ‘CANARA TruEdge’ Savings and Current Account

In May 2025, Canara Bank, headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka, launched ‘CANARA TruEdge’, a specialized and feature-rich suite of Current and Savings Accounts. This offering targets the unique banking needs of institutional clients across sectors such as healthcare, education, religious organizations, and other non-individual entities.

• The account requires zero initial deposit for smooth onboarding.
• Benefits increase proportionally with higher account balances.

Union Bank of India Launches ‘Union Wellness Deposit’ Scheme

In Mumbai, Maharashtra, Union Bank of India (UBI) introduced “Union Wellness Deposit”, a new retail term deposit scheme with a fixed tenure of 375 days. It offers an interest rate of 6.75% per annum, with an additional 0.50% for senior citizens.

• MD & CEO: A. Manimekhalai
• Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Tagline: ‘Good People to Bank with’
• Established: 1919

MSMEs Merchandise Export Share Rises to 45.7% in FY24: SIDBI Report

The Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) released a report titled ‘Understanding the Indian MSME Sector: Progress, and Challenges’ based on a survey of 2,097 MSMEs across 19 sectors.

• Udyam Registration Portal registrations surged to over 6.2 crore by March 2025, up from 2.5 crore in March 2024, showing strong formalization.
• MSMEs contribute nearly 30% to India’s GDP and provide employment to over 11 crore individuals.
• Export Contribution: MSMEs’ share in India’s exports grew steadily to 43.59% in FY23, 45.73% in FY24, and 45.79% in FY25.
• Women Entrepreneurship: Female-owned proprietary establishments rose from 22.9% in 2022-23 to 26.2% in 2023-24.

SIDBI Details:

• Chairman & MD: Manoj Mittal
• Headquarters: Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
• Established: 1990

Uttarakhand Secures Rs 1910 Crore Funding from European Investment Bank for Urban Infrastructure

In May 2025, Uttarakhand secured funding of Rs 1910 crore from the European Investment Bank (EIB), Luxembourg, to improve urban infrastructure in four cities under the Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Agency (UUSDA). The agreement signing is planned for June 2025.

• Projects will focus on:
  • Pithoragarh: Drinking water and sewerage system development
  • Sitarganj, Rudrapur, Kashipur: Enhancement of drinking water supply infrastructure
• Detailed Project Reports have been prepared and reviewed by the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance.
• The initiative aims to improve sanitation and access to clean drinking water to enhance living standards and boost development in urban areas.

RBI Imposes Rs 2.72 Crore Penalty on SBI and Jana Small Finance Bank for Regulatory Non-Compliance

In May 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) imposed a total penalty of Rs 2.72 crore on State Bank of India (SBI) and Jana Small Finance Bank (SFB) for failing to comply with regulatory guidelines.

• SBI was fined Rs 1.728 crore for violations related to:
  • Loans and Advances restrictions
  • Customer protection in unauthorized electronic transactions
  • Discipline in opening current accounts
• Jana SFB was penalized Rs 1 crore for contraventions under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.

Award news

Brazilian Microbiologist Mariangela Hungria Wins 2025 World Food Prize

On May 13, 2025, the World Food Prize Foundation, headquartered in Des Moines, Iowa, USA, announced that Dr. Mariangela Hungria, a Brazilian microbiologist, is the winner of the 2025 World Food Prize.

The award recognizes Dr. Hungria’s pioneering work in developing biological alternatives to chemical fertilizers, which has greatly advanced sustainable agriculture practices in Brazil and globally.

• She will receive the award at the World Food Prize Borlaug Dialogue International Symposium in October 2025 in Des Moines.
• The prize includes a monetary award of USD 500,000.
• Dr. Hungria is the 10th woman to be honored with the World Food Prize.

About World Food Prize Foundation:

• Chairman: Paul Schickler
• Headquarters: Des Moines, Iowa, USA
• Founded: 1986

Appointment news

Harvansh P. Chawla Appointed Chairman of BRICS Chamber of Commerce & Industry

In May 2025, Harvansh P. Chawla, a senior corporate legal expert, was appointed as Chairman of the New Delhi-based BRICS Chamber of Commerce & Industry (BRICS CCI) to strengthen economic ties among BRICS nations – Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.

His appointment comes ahead of the 17th BRICS Summit scheduled for 6-7 July 2025 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Under his leadership, the Chamber aims to promote inclusive economic growth, innovation, and sustainable development within the Global South framework.

About Harvansh P. Chawla:

• Founder and Managing Partner of K.R. Chawla & Co. Advocates, New Delhi.
• Advisor to Trade and Invest British Columbia in India, a partnership with the Ministry of Jobs, Trade and Technology, British Columbia, Canada.
• Selected by the Ministry of Finance, Government of India to draft counter guarantees for infrastructure projects; among the first to work on port privatization in India.
• Member of international bodies including the International Bar Association (IBA), Inter Pacific Bar Association (IPBA), and Indo-US Business Council (IUBC).
• Championed a surge in intra-BRICS trade, reaching USD 162 billion in 2022-23.
• Facilitated green energy partnerships in solar, hydrogen fuel, and smart grid technologies among BRICS countries.
• Promoted digital innovation through BRICS-wide digital payment systems and tech startups.

About BRICS Chamber of Commerce & Industry:

• Chairman – Harvansh P. Chawla
• Headquarters – New Delhi
• Established – 2012

Santosh Kumar Sarangi Given Additional Charge as CMD of Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI)

In May 2025, the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) appointed Santosh Kumar Sarangi as the additional Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of Solar Energy Corporation of India Limited (SECI), New Delhi. He will hold the position until a regular appointment is made.

He succeeds Rameshwar Prasad Gupta (R.P. Gupta), whose term ended prematurely on 10 May 2025 by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC).

About Santosh Kumar Sarangi:

• 1994-batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer, Odisha cadre.
• Currently Secretary of Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
• Former Director General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
• Held leadership roles including Chairman of APEDA and Tea Board of India.
• Served as Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Education and Chairperson of the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE).

About R.P. Gupta:

• Retired 1987-batch IAS officer from Gujarat cadre.
• CMD of SECI since June 2023.
• Former Secretary of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.

About Solar Energy Corporation of India Limited (SECI):

• Navratna Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) under MNRE.
• CMD – Santosh Kumar Sarangi
• Headquarters – New Delhi
• Founded – 2011

Ed Smith Appointed President of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC)

In May 2025, former England cricketer and selector Edward Thomas Smith was appointed as the President of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), London. He will serve a one-year term starting 1 October 2025.

His appointment was made by the current MCC President, Lord King of Lothbury, at the MCC Annual General Meeting held at Lord’s Cricket Ground.

About Edward Thomas Smith:

• Former England cricketer, commentator, journalist, and author.
• Played for Kent, Middlesex, and England over 13 seasons, scoring nearly 13,000 runs including 34 centuries.
• Retired in 2008 and authored five books.
• Chief Selector for England Men’s Cricket Team from 2018 to 2021.
• England won the ICC Men’s World Cup in 2019 during his tenure as chief selector.
• Co-founder of the Institute of Sports Humanities (ISH), focused on nurturing future sports leaders.

FM Nirmala Sitharaman Reviews Book “The Tamils: A Portrait of Community” by Nirmala Lakshman

In May 2025, Union Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, Ministry of Finance, reviewed the book “The Tamils: A Portrait of Community” by Nirmala Lakshman in The Book Review, a respected India-based academic journal. The book was published by New Delhi-based Aleph Book Company.

The review praised the book for its deep exploration of justice and fairness as key themes in Tamil culture, highlighting stories like King Manuneedhi Cholan’s legendary act of justice.

• The book provides a comprehensive narrative of Tamil history and culture, covering the community’s evolution from the Stone Age through the Sangam era to the present day.
• Nirmala Lakshman is the Publisher and Chairperson of THE HINDU Group of Publications.
• She previously served as Joint Editor of The Hindu, founded and edited The Hindu Literary Review, and created Young World, India’s only children’s newspaper supplement.

Vice President Releases Haryana Governor’s Autobiography “Janta Ki Kahani – In Meri Aatamkatha”

In May 2025, the Vice President of India, Jagdeep Dhankhar, released the autobiography “Janta Ki Kahani – In Meri Aatamkatha” written by Haryana Governor Bandaru Dattatraya. The release event took place at Maharashtra Sadan, New Delhi.

The book portrays Bandaru Dattatraya’s political and social journey, emphasizing his strong grassroots connection with the people and his dedication to the upliftment of the underprivileged. It also highlights important historical and political events he witnessed over several decades.

About Bandaru Dattatraya:

• Born on 12 June 1947 in Hyderabad.
• Serving as Governor of Haryana since July 2021.
• Senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
• Former Union Minister of State for Labour (1999–2004) under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
• Four-time Lok Sabha member from Secunderabad, Telangana.
• Known for decades of political and social service focused on humility and public welfare.

Dr. Ajay Kumar Appointed Chairman of UPSC

In May 2025, the Government of India appointed Dr. Ajay Kumar, former Defence Secretary and retired IAS officer of the 1985 Kerala cadre, as the new Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). His tenure is for 6 years or until he reaches the age of 65, whichever comes first.

The appointment was approved by President Droupadi Murmu under Article 316(1) of the Constitution of India, as per an order from the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Ministry of Personnel. He succeeds Preeti Sudan, whose tenure ended on April 29, 2025.

About UPSC:

• Responsible for conducting civil services exams for recruitment to prestigious services such as IAS, IFS, and IPS
• Headed by a Chairman, with up to 10 members
• Chairman: Dr. Ajay Kumar
• Headquarters: New Delhi
• Established: 1926

Mikaela Jaworski Named Chair of IOC Coordination Commission for Brisbane 2032 Olympic Games

In May 2025, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) appointed Mikaela Cojuangco Jaworski as the new Chair of the IOC Coordination Commission for the 2032 Brisbane Olympic Games. The appointment was made by IOC President Thomas Bach at an Executive Board meeting in Lausanne, Switzerland.

She will succeed Kristy Coventry, who will become IOC President in June 2025, and will chair the Coordination Commission meeting in Brisbane from May 20 to 22, 2025.

Key Points:

• Mikaela will oversee the planning and delivery of the 2032 Games, working closely with the Organizing Committee, Olympic Movement stakeholders, local authorities, and International Sports Federations.
• Her role is to ensure the project meets the highest standards, delivering an inclusive, sustainable, and memorable Olympic experience for athletes, fans, and communities.

About Mikaela Cojuangco Jaworski:

• Former international equestrian athlete for the Philippines
• Gold medalist in individual jumping at the 2002 Asian Games and team gold at the 2005 Southeast Asian Games
• IOC member since 2013 and Executive Board member since 2020
• Participated in Coordination Commissions for the 2020 Tokyo and 2024 Paris Olympics

About IOC:

• Non-governmental organization organizing the Olympic Games and overseeing National Olympic Committees, International Federations, athletes, and stakeholders
• President: Thomas Bach
• President Elect: Kirsty Coventry (from June 23, 2025)
• Headquarters: Lausanne, Switzerland
• Established: 1894

Sports news

India’s Kynan Chenai and Sabeera Haris Win Bronze at ISSF Shotgun World Cup 2025

In May 2025, Indian shooters Kynan Chenai and Sabeera Haris won the bronze medal in the Trap Mixed Team event at the ISSF Shotgun World Cup 2025, held from May 3 to 12 in Nicosia, Cyprus. This was the third World Cup event of the 2025 season.

The Indian duo defeated Turkey’s Tolga Tuncer and Pelin Kaya with a close score of 34-33 in the final match.

• In the qualification round, the Indian pair ranked 4th out of 34 teams with a total score of 142 out of 150.
• The second Indian team, consisting of Shardul Vihan and Kirti Gupta, finished 17th with a score of 137.
• China won the gold medal in the trap mixed team event by defeating Poland 42-39 in the final, while Poland secured the silver medal.

Overall Medal Tally:

• Neutral Athletes topped the standings with 2 gold medals from 5 events.
• China earned 1 gold and 1 silver medal.
• Spain and Italy shared the third position with 1 gold medal each.

Next Event:
The next ISSF Shotgun World Cup is scheduled from July 4 to 14, 2025, at the Trap Concaverde shooting range in Lonato del Garda, Italy.

Important days

8th UN Global Road Safety Week 2025 – May 12 to 18

The United Nations Global Road Safety Week (UNGRSW) is a biennial campaign led by the World Health Organization (WHO), based in Geneva, Switzerland. It aims to raise awareness about road safety and promote actions to reduce road traffic deaths and injuries worldwide.

The 8th edition of UNGRSW is observed from May 12 to 18, 2025.
The theme for 2025 is #MakeWalkingSafe and #MakeCyclingSafe, focusing on the urgent need for safer infrastructure and policies to protect pedestrians and cyclists on the roads.

Background:

• In 2005, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) passed Resolution 60/5, directing the WHO and UN Regional Commissions to organize periodic global road safety weeks.
• The first UN Global Road Safety Week took place from April 23 to 29, 2007.
• Since 2013, the event has been observed every two years.

About WHO:

• Director-General: Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Established: 1948

National news

India Strengthens Healthcare and Financial Ties with Maldives through Strategic Agreements

In May 2025, HLL Lifecare Limited, a Government of India (GoI) enterprise under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoH&FW), signed a strategic agreement with State Trade Organisation Plc (STO), a government-owned entity of the Maldives responsible for importing and distributing essential goods. This partnership falls under the Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) — a flagship initiative of GoI aimed at delivering affordable, high-quality medicines to the public.

Under this collaboration, India will ensure a steady supply of essential medicines to the Maldives through HLL Lifecare Limited, strengthening healthcare cooperation between the two nations.

Key Highlights:

• PMBJP, launched in November 2008 by the Department of Pharmaceuticals (DoP) under the Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers (MoC&F), focuses on making quality medicines accessible at affordable prices through government-supported pharma PSUs.
• To support Maldives’ fiscal stability, the GoI extended financial assistance by rolling over a USD 50 million Treasury Bill for another year.
• The State Bank of India (SBI), India’s largest public sector bank headquartered in Mumbai, subscribed to the treasury bill issued by the Ministry of Finance (MoF) of the Maldives, reinforcing bilateral financial cooperation.

About Maldives:

• President: Mohamed Muizzu
• Capital: Malé
• Currency: Maldivian Rufiyaa (MVR)

State news

Madhya Pradesh & Maharashtra Sign MoU for World’s Largest Groundwater Recharge Project

In May 2025, the Governments of Madhya Pradesh (MP) and Maharashtra signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in Bhopal for the Tapti Basin Mega Recharge Project, a groundbreaking initiative valued at Rs 19,244 crore. This project is set to become the world’s largest groundwater recharge effort.

The agreement was finalized during the 28th MP-Maharashtra Inter-State Control Board meeting, attended by Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Mohan Yadav and Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis.

Key Details:

• The Tapti Basin Mega Recharge Project aims to address water scarcity, ensure sustainable irrigation, and improve drinking water supply through large-scale groundwater recharge.
• The project will provide permanent irrigation to:
  • 1,23,082 hectares in Madhya Pradesh (Burhanpur and Khandwa districts)
  • 2,34,706 hectares in Maharashtra (Jalgaon, Akola, Buldhana, and Amravati districts)
• 90% of the project cost will be funded by the Government of India (GoI).

About Madhya Pradesh:

• Chief Minister (CM): Mohan Yadav
• Governor: Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel
• Capital: Bhopal
• Wildlife Sanctuaries: Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, Son Gharial Wildlife Sanctuary

Adani Group Unveils India’s First Hydrogen-Powered Mining Truck in Chhattisgarh

In May 2025, Adani Enterprises Limited (AEL), the flagship firm of the Ahmedabad-based Adani Group, launched India’s first hydrogen-powered fuel cell truck dedicated to mining logistics in Raipur, Chhattisgarh. This groundbreaking initiative aims to promote sustainable transportation by replacing traditional diesel-powered vehicles with clean energy alternatives.

The hydrogen-powered truck was flagged off by Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Vishnu Deo Sai and will be used to transport coal from the Gare Pelma III Block in Raigarh to a state-run power plant. The Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company Limited (CSPGCL) had appointed AEL as the mine developer and operator of the block through a competitive bidding process.

Key Highlights:

• The truck is equipped with three hydrogen tanks and advanced smart technology, capable of transporting up to 40 tonnes of cargo across a 200-kilometre range.
• The vehicle uses a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack for efficient and eco-friendly energy conversion.
• The development of the hydrogen fuel cell truck was a result of collaboration between AEL and leading Indian and global energy tech firms as well as a major auto manufacturer.
• The project is spearheaded by Adani Natural Resources (ANR) and Adani New Industries Limited (ANIL)—both subsidiaries of AEL. ANR sources hydrogen fuel cells from ANIL, which focuses on green hydrogen, solar modules, wind turbines, and battery technologies.

Environmental Significance:

• Hydrogen fuel cell trucks produce only water vapour and warm air, drastically reducing emissions and noise pollution compared to diesel vehicles.
• This initiative supports India’s commitment to achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2070 and aims to cut down dependence on crude oil imports.

About Chhattisgarh:

• Chief Minister: Vishnu Deo Sai
• Governor: Ramen Deka
• Capital: Raipur
• Prominent Festivals: Hareli Festival, Madai Festival

Rank and report news

India Leads Global PMI Rankings for Manufacturing and Services: J.P. Morgan Report

In May 2025, J.P. Morgan, headquartered in New York, USA, released its latest Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) report for April 2025, highlighting India as the top performer among both developed and emerging economies in terms of manufacturing and services activity.

According to the report:

• India’s Manufacturing PMI stood at 58.2
• India’s Services PMI reached 58.7
  These figures were the highest globally, outperforming major economies in both sectors.

In contrast, the Global Manufacturing PMI fell from 50.3 in March 2025 to 49.8 in April 2025, indicating a contraction in global manufacturing activity.

Key Insights:

• The J.P. Morgan Global Manufacturing PMI is a composite index developed in partnership with S&P Global Market Intelligence, the Institute for Supply Management (ISM), and the International Federation of Purchasing and Supply Management (IFPSM).
• It is based on monthly surveys conducted with purchasing executives from over 30 countries, representing a broad spectrum of global manufacturing output.

About J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.:

• Chairman and CEO: Jamie Dimon
• Headquarters: New York, USA

International news

Sri Lanka Hosts 4th RIMES Ministerial Conference; India Co-Chairs the Event

From May 7 to May 9, 2025, Sri Lanka hosted the 4th Ministerial Conference of the Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (RIMES) in Colombo, with support from the World Bank (USA) through CARE Component-1, and the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO), UK.

India served as co-chair alongside Sri Lanka at the conference. The Indian delegation was led by Dr. M. Ravichandran, Secretary, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), while Santosh Jha, High Commissioner of India to Sri Lanka, represented India at the RIMES Council Meeting held on the sidelines of the main event.

Conference Theme:

“Actionable Early Warnings and Climate Services for All”

Key Highlights:

• The conference concluded with the adoption of a Ministerial Declaration, reaffirming the commitment of RIMES member states to strengthen multi-hazard early warning systems, climate services, and promote disaster-resilient development across the region.

About Sri Lanka:

• President: Anura Kumara Dissanayake
• Capitals: Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (Legislative), Colombo (Judicial and Executive)
• Currency: Sri Lankan Rupee (SLR)

Adani Group & Bhutan’s DGPC Sign MoU to Develop 5,000 MW Hydropower Projects

In May 2025, Adani Group (Ahmedabad, India) and Druk Green Power Corporation Limited (DGPC) (Thimphu, Bhutan) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to jointly develop 5,000 MW of hydropower projects in Bhutan.

Key Details:

• The MoU was signed by Dasho Chhewang Rinzin, MD of DGPC, and Naresh Telgu, COO of Adani Green Hydro, in the presence of Bhutan’s Prime Minister Dasho Tshering Tobgay and Energy Minister Lyonpo Gem Tshering in Thimphu.
• The initiative will include hydropower and pumped storage projects, to be identified and executed in phases based on Detailed Project Reports (DPRs).
• This collaboration builds on the ongoing Wangchhu Hydropower Project (570 MW, expandable to 900 MW), in which DGPC holds 51% and Adani holds 49%.
• The MoU supports Bhutan’s Renewable Energy Roadmap, which targets 20,000 MW of renewable energy capacity by 2040.

Banking news

Public Sector Banks Record ₹1.78 Trillion Profit in FY25;

In FY 2024–25, Public Sector Banks (PSBs) in India posted a record cumulative profit of ₹1.78 lakh crore, reflecting a 26% year-on-year growth from ₹1.41 lakh crore in FY24. This marks a ₹37,100 crore increase in absolute terms.

Key Highlights:

• State Bank of India (SBI) led the PSBs with a net profit of ₹70,901 crore, contributing over 40% of the total PSB profits. This represents a 16% growth from FY24.
• Punjab National Bank (PNB) achieved the highest percentage growth, doubling its net profit to ₹16,630 crore (102% increase).
• Punjab & Sind Bank (P&SB) followed with a 71% rise in profits to ₹1,016 crore.

QNB Becomes First MEA Bank to Open Branch in India’s GIFT City

In May 2025, Qatar National Bank (QNB), the largest financial institution in the Middle East and Africa (MEA), became the first MEA-based bank to establish a branch in GIFT City IFSC, Gandhinagar, Gujarat — India’s first international financial services centre and SEZ.

Key Points:

• The branch aims to support Indian corporates seeking international banking partnerships for global expansion.
• QNB operates in 28 markets across three continents, and this branch will strengthen its international presence.
• QNB India Private Ltd, headquartered in Mumbai, has been active since 2017, offering structured credit solutions and full-fledged banking services across India.

Award news

Bhuwan Ribhu Becomes First Indian Lawyer to Receive WJA ‘Medal of Honour’

In May 2025, Bhuwan Ribhu, a prominent Indian child rights lawyer and activist, became the first Indian lawyer to be awarded the ‘Medal of Honour’ by the World Jurist Association (WJA). The award was conferred during the World Law Congress 2025, held from May 4 to 6 in the Dominican Republic, North America.

• Ribhu was recognized for his 20-year-long legal advocacy against child marriage, trafficking, sexual abuse, and forced labour.
• He received the award from Eddy Olivares Ortega (Labour Minister, Dominican Republic) and Javier Cremades (President, WJA).
• Notable past WJA honorees include Nelson Mandela, Winston Churchill, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg.

Kerala’s Water Heritage Museum Added to UNESCO’s Global WAMU-NET List

The Water Heritage Museum operated by the Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM) in Kozhikode, Kerala, has been added to the WAMU-NET, a global network under UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme (IHP).

• It is the third Indian museum on the list, joining JAL Water Museum (Udaipur, Rajasthan) and Living Water Museum (Pune, Maharashtra).
• The museum highlights Kerala’s traditional water practices and includes features like a climate change lab, medicinal plant garden, star garden, and butterfly garden.
• WAMU-NET promotes the cultural significance of water and supports sustainable water management worldwide.

Science And Tech News

Chinese Scientists Develop Asia’s First Rice Pangenome to Boost Climate Resilience

In May 2025, researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Beijing, China, unveiled the first-ever pangenome of Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), marking a major milestone in agricultural genomics. This comprehensive genome was derived by decoding 144 wild and cultivated rice varieties from across Asia.

The initiative aims to accelerate the development of high-yielding, disease-resistant, and climate-resilient rice varieties, essential to address rising global temperatures and growing food security concerns.

Key Highlights:

• The pangenome compiles all genes found in rice, including both common (core) and variety-specific (accessory) genes, enabling deeper insights into rice diversity and adaptation.
• Built using PacBio HiFi sequencing and advanced computational tools, the genome revealed:
  • 69,531 genes, including 28,907 core genes and 13,728 wild-rice-specific genes.
  • 3.87 billion base pairs of genetic sequences not found in previous rice reference genomes.
• The study traced all Asian cultivated rice back to Or-IIIa, a subgroup of Oryza rufipogon, the wild ancestor of japonica rice.
• 20% of the genes found are unique to wild rice, valuable for traits like environmental adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, and regeneration.

Sports news

Asian Blitz Chess Championship 2025 – UAE

On May 11, 2025, Russian Grandmaster (GM) Ivan Zemlyanskii and Kazakhstan’s Woman Grandmaster (WGM) Alua Nurman emerged as champions of the 2025 Asian Blitz Chess Championship, held in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Organized by the Al Ain Chess and Mind Games Club under the aegis of the Asian Chess Federation (ACF) and the International Chess Federation (FIDE), the tournament witnessed intense competition.

• Ivan Zemlyanskii remained unbeaten, scoring 8 out of 9 points, and secured the Open title along with a USD 2,500 cash prize.
• WGM Alua Nurman claimed the Women’s title with 7.5 points, edging out Russia’s Valentina Gunina based on a superior opponents’ average rating. She was awarded USD 1,500.

About FIDE:

• President: Arkady Dvorkovich
• Headquarters: Lausanne, Switzerland
• Established: 1924

India Bags 7 Medals at Archery World Cup 2025 Stage 2 in Shanghai

India delivered a stellar performance at the Archery World Cup 2025 Stage 2, held from May 6–11, 2025 in Shanghai, China, finishing second in the overall medal standings.

• India’s Medal Tally: 7 medals – 2 Gold, 1 Silver, and 4 Bronze
• Top Performer: South Korea (7 medals – 5 Gold, 2 Silver)

Indian Highlights:

• Madhura Dhamangaonkar won Gold in Women’s Individual Compound, her first-ever individual World Cup gold.
• The Men’s Compound Team (Ojas Deotale, Abhishek Verma, Rishabh Yadav) clinched Gold after defeating Mexico in the finals.

About World Archery:

• President: Ugur Erdener (Turkiye)
• Headquarters: Lausanne, Switzerland
• Founded: 1931

Important days

International Day of Plant Health (IDPH) 2025 – May 12

The 4th International Day of Plant Health (IDPH) was observed on May 12, 2025, to emphasize the crucial role of plant health in ensuring food security, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable economic growth.

• Theme 2025: “The Importance of Plant Health in One Health”
• IDPH was established by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) via resolution A/RES/76/256 in March 2022.
• The first IDPH was commemorated in 2022.
• The observance is supported by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), which organize awareness campaigns and global initiatives.

National news

RGI Releases CRS, SRS, and MCCD Reports for 2021; Life Expectancy in India Declines

The Registrar General of India (RGI), functioning under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), has published three major reports for the year 2021:

• Sample Registration System (SRS) Statistical Report 2021
• Vital Statistics of India Based on the Civil Registration System (CRS) 2021
• Medical Certification of Cause of Death (MCCD) Report 2021

Purpose of the Reports

• The Civil Registration System (CRS) records all registered births and deaths in India.
• The Sample Registration System (SRS) provides survey-based estimates of births and deaths and includes unregistered events, making it a crucial complement to CRS data.
• The Medical Certification of Cause of Death (MCCD) captures a small portion of registered deaths that are medically certified.

Key Findings

Crude Death Rate (CDR):
According to the SRS 2021 report, the Crude Death Rate rose to 7.5 deaths per 1,000 people, making 2021 the deadliest year of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Increase in Registered Deaths (CRS):
The CRS report showed an increase of around 2 million deaths in 2021 compared to previous years.

Covid-19 Deaths (MCCD):
The MCCD report recorded 4,13,580 Covid-19 deaths in 2021 and 1,60,618 deaths in 2020, indicating a significant rise during the second wave of the pandemic.

Decline in Life Expectancy (SRS):
According to the SRS data, the life expectancy at birth was estimated at 69.8 years for the period 2017 to 2021, a decrease from the previous estimate for 2016 to 2020.

• In urban areas, life expectancy declined by 0.3 years
• In rural areas, it declined by 0.1 years

Completion of 10 Years: PMSBY, PMJJBY, and APY

The three major social security schemes – Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY), Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY), and Atal Pension Yojana (APY) – have completed 10 years since their launch on 9th May 2015 by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi.

Objective of the Schemes

These schemes were introduced to provide affordable financial protection, especially for the underserved and vulnerable sections of society.
They aim to expand insurance and pension coverage to help citizens withstand life’s uncertainties and ensure long-term financial security.

Enrolment Figures (as of April 2025)

• PMJJBY: Over 23.6 crore enrolments
• PMSBY: Over 51 crore enrolments
• APY: Over 7.6 crore enrolments

About PMJJBY (Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana)

Purpose:
Provides life insurance cover in case of death due to any reason.

Managed by:
The scheme is managed by the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). However, participating banks or post offices can tie up with any life insurance company for its implementation.

Eligibility and Duration:

• Open to individuals aged 18 to 50 years
• Must hold a bank or post office account with consent for auto-debit
• The insurance cover is for one year, from 1st June to 31st May

Ladakh Records World’s Highest Snow Leopard Density

In May 2025, the Union Territory of Ladakh has been identified as the region with the world’s highest density of snow leopards (Panthera uncia). This finding is based on a study conducted by the Department of Wildlife Protection (DWP), Ladakh, in collaboration with the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), Dehradun, and the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), New Delhi.

Study Publication: The findings were published in the peer-reviewed journal PLOS ONE, by the Public Library of Science (PLOS).

Key Findings of the Study

• Total Snow Leopard Population in India: Estimated at 709 individuals
• Snow Leopards in Ladakh: 477 individuals, making up nearly 68 percent of India’s total population
• Habitat Area in Ladakh: Covers a vast region of 47,572 square kilometres
• Hemis National Park in Ladakh recorded the highest snow leopard density globally with 2.07 individuals per 100 square kilometres, surpassing earlier records from Tibet

Significance of Ladakh: Ladakh is now considered a critical conservation stronghold for the snow leopard in India and globally.

About Ladakh

• Lieutenant Governor: Brigadier (Dr.) B.D. Mishra (Retired)
• Capital: Leh
• Major Wildlife Sanctuary: Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary

Union Minister G. Kishan Reddy Launches Portal to Boost Non-Ferrous Metal Recycling

In May 2025, Union Minister G. Kishan Reddy, heading the Ministry of Coal (MoC) and Ministry of Mines (MoM), launched the Non-Ferrous Metal Recycling Website and Stakeholders’ Portal to strengthen India’s non-ferrous metal recycling ecosystem.

Launch Details

• The launch event was held in New Delhi
• Present at the event were Minister of State Satish Chandra Dubey (MoM), senior officials from MoM, and the Jawaharlal Nehru Aluminium Research Development and Design Centre (JNARDDC)

Developed Under

• The portal was developed under the National Non-Ferrous Metal Scrap Recycling Framework (NNMSRF)
• Objective: To promote resource efficiency, centralise data, empower stakeholders, and enhance transparency

Key Features of the Portal

• Target Metals: Focus on aluminium, copper, lead, zinc, and other critical elements
• National Registry: For dismantlers, recyclers, traders, and collection centres
• Data Tracking Tools: Monitor raw material flows, product types, technology use, and workforce trends
• Performance Benchmarking: Evaluate efficiency of the recycling sector
• Gap Identification: Assess needs for infrastructure, skill development, and sectoral growth
• Support Systems: Provide standardization, certification, and awareness campaigns

International news

Sanjay Seth Represents India at 80th Victory Day Celebration in Moscow

Sanjay Seth, Minister of State for the Ministry of Defence, represented India at the 80th Victory Day celebration in Moscow, Russia, on 9 May 2025. Initially, Prime Minister Narendra Modi was set to participate in the event, but due to the Pahalgam terror incident, he sent Sanjay Seth as his representative.

During his visit, Sanjay Seth met Russian President Vladimir Putin, as well as Russian Deputy Defence Minister Colonel General Alexander Fomin. They discussed military cooperation and military-technical collaboration, agreeing to further deepen their ties under the existing institutional mechanisms.

This visit reaffirmed the strategic relationship between India and Russia.

Victory Day Celebration in Russia

Date of Celebration: 9 May
The Victory Day celebration in Russia is held annually in Moscow’s Red Square to commemorate the Soviet Union’s victory over Nazi Germany in World War II. On 9 May 1945, Nazi Germany signed the instrument of surrender, ending the war. The surrender agreement was signed on 8 May 1945, but due to the time zone difference, Russia observes the day on 9 May.

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian President Boris Yeltsin made the event an annual tradition from 9 May 1995. The day is dedicated to the 25-27 million Soviet citizens who lost their lives during the war.

The event features a military parade showcasing Russia’s military power.

Participation of World Leaders

Each year, Russia invites world leaders to participate in the Victory Day celebration. This year, the Chinese President Xi Jinping was the chief guest.

Several other global leaders also attended, including:

• Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
• Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
• Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro
• Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic
• Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico
• Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas

World Bank Land Conference 2025 Held in Washington DC, USA

The World Bank Land Conference 2025 (WBLC 2025), a major international event in the land sector, was held from May 5 to 8, 2025, in Washington DC, United States of America.

The World Bank, based in Washington, has been hosting the Land Conference for over 20 years, gathering over 1,000 participants from government, academia, civil society, and the private sector.

Theme of WBLC 2025

“Securing Land Tenure and Access for Climate Action: Moving from Awareness”

This theme focused on strengthening land rights to support climate action.

India Recognized as Country Champion

• India was honored as a Country Champion at the conference.
• Recognition was given under the leadership of Vivek Bharadwaj, Secretary of the Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR).
• This highlighted India’s leadership in inclusive land governance and empowerment at the grassroots level.

India’s Contribution Showcased

A high-level Indian delegation, led by Vivek Bharadwaj, showcased key digital land governance initiatives:

• SWAMITVA Scheme – Survey of Villages and Mapping with Improvised Technology in Village Areas.
• Gram Manchitra – An advanced GIS-based spatial planning platform used for rural planning.

These were presented at two major sessions during the conference.

About Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR)

• Union Minister: Rajiv Ranjan Singh (Lalan Singh) – Constituency: Munger, Bihar
• Minister of State (MoS): S.P. Singh Baghel – Constituency: Agra, Uttar Pradesh

Pakistan Launched Operation Bunyan al-Marsus Against India

On May 10, 2025, Pakistan launched a military campaign named Operation Bunyan al-Marsus targeting Indian military installations in Jammu and Kashmir, Pathankot (Punjab), and Bhuj (Gujarat).

This was in retaliation to India’s Operation Sindoor, conducted on May 7, 2025.

Meaning and Origin of the Operation’s Name

The operation’s name, Bunyan al-Marsus, is derived from the Quran, meaning “a wall constructed of molten lead”, symbolizing unity, strength, and resilience.

Key Aspects of the Operation

• The operation was commanded by Pakistan’s military leadership, led by General Asim Munir, Chief of Army Staff.
• A Fatah-II hypersonic ballistic missile was launched by Pakistan targeting Delhi but was successfully intercepted by Indian Air Defence Systems in Sirsa, Haryana.
• The strike followed India’s attacks on three Pakistani airbases:
  • Nur Khan Air Base near Rawalpindi
  • Murid Air Base in Chakwal, around 120 km from Islamabad
  • Rafiqui Air Base in Shorkot, Punjab province

Ceasefire Agreement

• On May 10, 2025, India and Pakistan agreed to a full and immediate ceasefire, ending the most intense escalation between the two nations in decades.
• The ceasefire was brokered through diplomatic efforts, with US President Donald Trump playing a crucial role.

Media Address and Operation Details

On May 11, 2025, Pakistan’s DG of Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR), Major General Ahmed Sharif Chaudhry, addressed the media detailing the conduct and conclusion of Operation Bunyan al-Marsus.

About Fatah-II Missile System

• Fatah-II is a guided Multi-Launch Rocket System (MLRS) developed by Pakistan.
• It has a strike range of 450 km, an upgrade from Fatah-I, which has a range of 140 km.
• In 2024, a test trial of Fatah-II demonstrated precision-strike capability with a Circular Error Probable (CEP) of less than 10 meters.

About Pakistan

• Prime Minister: Shehbaz Sharif
• Capital: Islamabad
• Currency: Pakistani Rupee (PKR)

Banking news

RBI Eases FPI Norms to Boost Corporate Bond Inflows

In May 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, introduced new relaxations for Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) investing in Indian corporate bonds. The objective is to attract more foreign inflows by simplifying investment rules.

Key Changes Announced by RBI

• Short-Term Debt Investment Limits Removed:
  Earlier, FPIs could only invest up to 30 percent of their total corporate bond investments in securities with residual maturity of one year or less. This restriction has now been removed.
• Concentration Limits Eliminated:
  Previously, investment in corporate debt securities by an individual FPI or its related entities was restricted to:
  • 15 percent of the investment limit for long-term FPIs
  • 10 percent for other FPIs
    These limits have been abolished to give investors more flexibility.
• Immediate Implementation:
  These revised norms are effective immediately, as per the RBI circular.

New Digital Lending Reporting Norms

Under RBI’s Digital Lending Directions 2025:

• All Banks and other Regulated Entities (REs) must report details of their Digital Lending Applications (DLAs) via the Centralised Information Management System (CIMS) portal.
• The CIMS portal will be operational from May 13, 2025.
• Regulated Entities must upload initial data by June 15, 2025.

Bhutan Launches World’s First National Crypto Tourism Payment System

In May 2025, Bhutan made history by launching the world’s first national cryptocurrency tourism payment system. This initiative is a collaboration between Binance Pay (a subsidiary of Binance Holdings Limited) and DK Bank of Bhutan, the country’s first fully digital bank.

The system allows international tourists to use cryptocurrencies for making payments during their stay in Bhutan, aiming to promote cashless travel, financial inclusion, and technological innovation.

Key Features of the System

• Cashless Travel Experience:
  Tourists with Binance accounts can use over 100 cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin (BTC), Binance Coin (BNB), and United States Dollar Coin (USDC) to pay for:
  • Airline tickets
  • Visa fees
  • Hotel bookings
  • Monument entries
  • Tour guides and local purchases
• QR Code-Based Payments:
  Real-time transactions are made possible via static and dynamic QR codes, eliminating the need for traditional card terminals.
• Automatic Currency Conversion:
  Payments in crypto are instantly converted to Bhutanese Ngultrum (BTN) by DK Bank, ensuring stable payouts for vendors.
• Financial Inclusion:
  Over 100 Bhutanese businesses, including those in remote areas, have adopted this system, giving them access to the global USD 3 trillion cryptocurrency market.

Benefits for Travelers and Merchants

• Lower Transaction Costs:
  Tourists benefit from reduced foreign exchange fees and lower transaction costs.
• Global Market Access:
  Bhutanese merchants can now connect with global digital finance platforms, enhancing their economic reach.

About Binance Pay

Binance Pay is a crypto payment platform developed by Binance Holdings Ltd, the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange by trading volume. It allows users to send, receive, and pay with multiple cryptocurrencies securely.

About Bhutan

• Prime Minister – Dasho Tshering Tobgay
• Capital – Thimphu
• Currency – Bhutanese Ngultrum (BTN)

SMBC Acquires 20% Stake in YES Bank for Rs 13,483 Crore

In May 2025, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Japan’s 2nd largest banking group, Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc. (SMFG), entered into a definitive agreement to acquire a 20% stake in YES Bank Limited, based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, through a secondary stake purchase valued at approximately Rs 13,483 crore.

This acquisition marks the largest cross-border investment in the Indian banking sector and is expected to propel YES Bank’s next phase of growth, profitability, and value creation. The transaction is subject to regulatory approvals from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Competition Commission of India (CCI).

Key Details of the Transaction

• SBI’s Stake Divestment:
  • As part of this transaction, State Bank of India (SBI) will divest its 13.19% stake in YES Bank at Rs 21.50 per equity share, amounting to Rs 8,889 crore.
  • SBI’s shareholding in YES Bank will reduce from 23.97% to just over 10% after the deal.
• Private Banks Divestment:
  • 7 private banks including ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Axis Bank, IDFC First Bank, Federal Bank, and Bandhan Bank will divest a combined 6.81% stake in YES Bank, valued at Rs 4,594 crore.

Key Points to Note

• In March 2020, SBI and the other 7 private banks invested in YES Bank under a Reconstruction Scheme approved by RBI.
• As of March 31, 2025, the private banks held stakes in YES Bank as follows:
  • HDFC Bank (2.75%)
  • ICICI Bank (2.39%)
  • Kotak Mahindra Bank (1.21%)
  • Axis Bank (1.01%)
  • IDFC First Bank (0.92%)
  • Federal Bank (0.76%)
  • Bandhan Bank (0.70%)
• Both Federal Bank and Bandhan Bank announced the sale of 0.5% of their stakes in YES Bank, bringing Bandhan Bank’s stake down to 0.21% from 0.7%.
• YES Bank was advised by Citigroup Global Markets Private Limited (Citi) as its financial advisor and AZB & Partners as its legal advisor.

About YES Bank

• Managing Director & CEO: Prashant Kumar
• Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Tagline: “Experience our expertise”
• Established: 2004

Economy news

Porter Becomes India’s 3rd Unicorn of 2025

In May 2025, Porter, a Bengaluru (Karnataka)-based on-demand logistics platform, raised USD 200 million (approx. Rs. 1700 crore) in a Series F funding round, making it India’s 3rd unicorn of 2025 after Netradyne and Juspay.

Porter focuses on enhancing urban logistics, supporting Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), and empowering gig workers across the country.

Key Funding Highlights

• Investors:
  Funding was led by:
  • Kedaara Capital Investment Managers Ltd (Mumbai-based private equity firm)
  • Wellington Management Company (Boston, USA-based global asset manager)
• Funding Type:
  Combination of primary capital infusion and secondary share sales by existing shareholders.
• Purpose of Funding:
  • Expansion to new cities
  • Strengthening technology infrastructure
  • Supporting over 1 million gig workers
• Valuation:
  With this funding, Porter’s valuation reached between USD 1.1 billion to USD 1.2 billion, earning the unicorn status (startup valued over USD 1 billion).

What is Series F Funding?

• A Series F round is typically the sixth major venture capital funding stage.
• Involves mature startups that have already completed earlier rounds (Series A to E).
• Used to secure additional capital for further growth or strategic objectives.

About Porter

• Founded: In 2014 by IIT graduates – Pranav Goel, Uttam Digga (CEO), and Vikas Choudhary (Executive Vice Chairman).
• Services:
  • Intra-city logistics solutions
  • On-demand trucks, packers and movers, and enterprise logistics
• Operations:
  • Present in 22 cities across India
  • Active in 2 international markets
  • Serves over 30 lakh customers
  • Engages around 3 lakh gig workers monthly

State news

Uttar Pradesh Adds 12 New Products Under ODOP Scheme
The Uttar Pradesh government has expanded its One District, One Product (ODOP) Scheme by adding 12 new products, bringing the total number of products under the scheme to 74. The scheme was launched by Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath on 24 January 2018, aiming to enhance the popularity and sales of indigenous products and crafts from the state’s districts.

Newly Included Products Under ODOP:

The 12 newly added products are:

• Baghpat: Agricultural implements and accessories
• Saharanpur: Hosiery products
• Firozabad: Food processing
• Ghaziabad: Metal products and textile/apparel items
• Amroha: Metal and wooden handicrafts
• Agra: Petha industry and all types of footwear
• Hamirpur: Metal products
• Bareilly: Wooden products
• Etah: Chicory products
• Pratapgarh: Food processing
• Bijnor: Rushes and related products
• Ballia: Sattu product

About the One District One Product (ODOP) Scheme:

• Launch Date: The scheme was launched on 24 January 2018 by the Uttar Pradesh government.
• Objective:
  • Promote and enhance the sales of unique, indigenous products from each of Uttar Pradesh’s 75 districts.
  • Each district identifies its unique product, which is then given a Geographical Indication (GI) tag to certify its origin.
• Support:
  • The state provides financial support to manufacturers.
  • A common marketing facility is created to promote these products both nationally and internationally.
• Impact: The scheme aims to create employment opportunities, increase exports, and contribute towards Uttar Pradesh’s goal of achieving a one-trillion-dollar economy by 2029.

Delhi Assembly: First in the Country to Be Fully Powered by Solar Power

The Delhi Legislative Assembly has become the first legislative assembly in India to be fully powered by solar energy. On 12 May 2025, the Delhi Legislative Assembly Speaker, Vijendra Gupta, and Lieutenant Governor of Delhi, Vinai Kumar Saxena, jointly laid the foundation stone for a 500-kilowatt solar power plant at the assembly premises. Delhi Chief Minister Rekha Gupta was the chief guest at the ceremony.

This achievement adds to Delhi’s growing solar power initiatives, following the installation of the country’s first vertical bi-facial solar plant by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) at the Okhla Vihar Metro Station.

Solar Power Project of the Delhi Assembly

• Current Setup: A 200-kilowatt rooftop solar power plant currently partially meets the energy needs of the Delhi Legislative Assembly.
• Upgrade Plans: The existing plant will be dismantled and replaced by a new 500-kilowatt rooftop solar power plant covering 3,250 square feet.
• Project Timeline: The new solar power plant is expected to be completed in 45 days and fully commissioned before the next Delhi Legislative Assembly monsoon session.
• Cost and Output: The Rs 2 crore project is expected to generate 8,20,000 units annually, sufficient to meet the assembly’s energy requirements of 7,00,000 units.
• Surplus Power: Any surplus electricity will be fed into the national electricity grid, generating revenue for the assembly.
• Warranty and Benefits: The solar plant will come with a 30-year warranty and is expected to bring the Delhi Assembly’s electricity bill to zero, significantly reducing the carbon footprint of the assembly.

Status of Solar Power in India

• As of 31 January 2025, India’s total installed solar power capacity stands at 100.3 GW, making it the fourth country globally, after China, the United States, and Germany, to reach this milestone.
• India’s Solar Target: India aims to achieve a 500 GW installed power capacity from clean energy sources (including solar, wind, small hydropower, and nuclear energy) by 2030.

UP CM Yogi Adityanath Unveils ‘UP-AGREES’ and ‘AI Pragya’ with World Bank Support

In May 2025, Uttar Pradesh (UP) Chief Minister (CM) Yogi Adityanath, along with Ajay Banga, President of the World Bank (WB), jointly launched two key initiatives: UP AGREES (Uttar Pradesh Agriculture Growth and Rural Enterprise Ecosystem Strengthening) and AI Pragya (Artificial Intelligence Programme for Resourcefulness, Awareness, Growth, and Youth Advancement). These initiatives aim to drive agricultural innovation and digital transformation in the state of UP during a launch event in Lucknow.

Key Initiatives

1. UP AGREES Initiative:
   The UP AGREES project is designed to revolutionize agriculture in the 21 districts of the Bundelkhand and Purvanchal regions of UP. The aim is to enhance productivity and promote technology-based farming. The project has a budget of Rs. 4000 crore, with Rs. 2737 crore provided as a loan from the World Bank for a period of six years, while the UP government will contribute Rs. 1166 crore.
2. AI Pragya Initiative:
   The AI Pragya program aims to build a strong Artificial Intelligence (AI) talent base in UP by training 10 lakh youths across the state. This initiative will equip young individuals with the digital skills necessary for success in emerging technological fields.

About Uttar Pradesh (UP)

• Chief Minister (CM): Yogi Adityanath
• Governor: Anandiben Patel
• Capital: Lucknow
• National Park (NP): Dudhwa National Park

Karnataka and IN-SPACe Sign MoUs to Boost Space Industry

In May 2025, the Government of Karnataka and Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe), based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, signed two Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) to strengthen Karnataka’s position in India’s commercial space sector. These agreements focus on setting up a Centre of Excellence (CoE) for space technologies and a public-private space manufacturing park.

The MoUs were signed by Dr. Ekroop Caur, Secretary to the Government (Electronics, IT, Biotechnology, and Science & Technology) of Karnataka, and Lochan Sehra, Joint Secretary of IN-SPACe. The signing ceremony was attended by Dr. Shalini Rajneesh, IAS, Chief Secretary of Karnataka, and Dr. Pawan Goenka, Chairman of IN-SPACe.

Key Initiatives

• Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Space Technologies:
  • Located in Bengaluru (Karnataka), this center will focus on driving research and innovation in the space technology domain.
• Space Manufacturing Park:
  • A public-private partnership model will be used to develop a manufacturing park aimed at next-generation satellite and launch vehicle production.

Alignment with Indian Space Policy

• These initiatives are in line with the Indian Space Policy, 2023, which aims to promote innovation and support the growth of the NewSpace ecosystem in India.

Karnataka’s Strong Space Infrastructure

• Karnataka already has a robust space-related infrastructure, including key institutions like:
  • Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
  • Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
  • Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
  • Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
  • Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)
  • National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL)

Books and author news

Book Launch of “India@2047: Leading the Global Economic Order”

In May 2025, Shyam Prakash Sharma, Chief Economist at New Economic Order Economists and the Chief Economist of the PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry, released his book titled “India@2047: Leading the Global Economic Order”. The launch event was held at Juniper Hall, India Habitat Centre in New Delhi, Delhi.

The book aims to envision India’s growth and its path to becoming a global economic leader by the 100th year of its independence in 2047.

Key Points of the Book

• Key Enablers of Economic Transformation:
  The book identifies important enablers of India’s journey towards global economic leadership, including initiatives like:
  • Make in India
  • Pradhan Mantri (PM) Gati Shakti
  • Record-breaking Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), which has surpassed USD 1 trillion.
• India’s Economic Strengths:
  The book highlights India’s strong macroeconomic fundamentals, such as:
  • Rising tax revenues
  • High foreign exchange reserves
  • Stable debt-to-GDP ratio, showcasing a maturing and stable economy.
• Chapters Overview:
  The book is structured into seven chapters, focusing on India’s economic growth through various lenses:
  • Reforms
  • Digital innovation
  • Sustainability
  • Global integration
• India’s Role in Global Forums:
  The book discusses India’s evolving influence in international forums, including:
  • Group of 20 nations (G-20)
  • BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa)
  • Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)

Sports news

India Wins Tri-Nation ODI Series in Sri Lanka

The Indian women’s cricket team, led by Harmanpreet Kaur, emerged victorious in the three-nation ODI Tri-Series in Sri Lanka, defeating the host nation in the final by 97 runs. The series, which took place from 27 April to 11 May 2025, saw Sri Lanka, India, and South Africa competing.

Tournament Details:

• Venue: All matches were held at the R Premadasa Stadium in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
• League Stage Performance:
  • India won one match and lost one match against the host Sri Lanka.
  • India won both its matches against the South African team.
• Points Table: India topped the points table in the league stage and secured a spot in the final. Sri Lanka finished second and also advanced to the final.

Important days

National Technology Day 2025 – May 11

National Technology Day is celebrated annually on May 11. The celebrations for May 11, 2025, will be organized by the Technology Development Board (TDB). It will feature participation from scientists, technocrats, industry leaders, academic institutions, policymakers, and startup founders.

The 2025 edition marks the 27th celebration of National Technology Day, commemorating the historic 1998 Pokhran nuclear tests. The Technology Development Board (TDB), under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Ministry of Science and Technology (MoS&T), has unveiled the official theme for the year as “YANTRA – Yugantar for Advancing New Technology, Research & Acceleration”.

Background

• Historic Significance:
  National Technology Day marks the historic achievements of May 11, 1998, when India conducted Operation Shakti (Pokhran-II) nuclear tests and saw the maiden flight of the indigenous Hansa-3 aircraft.
• Declaration by Atal Bihari Vajpayee:
  In recognition of these milestones, former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee declared May 11 as National Technology Day in 1999.
• First National Technology Day:
  The Council for Technology organized the first-ever National Technology Day on May 11, 1999.

International Day of Vesak or Buddha Purnima 2025 – May 12

The United Nations (UN) International Day of Vesak, also known as Buddha Purnima, is celebrated every year on the Full Moon day in May to honor Lord Buddha’s teachings and promote global cultural harmony.

In 2025, the International Day of Vesak was observed on May 12, marking the **2,587th birth anniversary of Gautama Buddha.

Key Points

1. UN Recognition:
   On December 15, 1999, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) passed Resolution A/RES/54/115, officially recognizing the International Day of Vesak, which is observed annually on the Full Moon day in May. The first International Day of Vesak was celebrated in 2000.
2. Vietnam Hosting:
   The 2025 celebration of International Day of Vesak was hosted by the Vietnam Buddhist Academy in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The theme for 2025 was “Solidarity and Tolerance for Human Dignity; Buddhist Wisdom for World Peace and Sustainable Development”.
3. India’s Participation:
   For the first time, India showcased the sacred Buddha relics from Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh (UP) in Vietnam during the celebrations.

National news

PMFBY Claim Settlement Update: 97% Claims Resolved; Goa, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, and Tamil Nadu Achieve 100%

In April 2025, the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (MoA&FW) presented data in the Lok Sabha highlighting the performance of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) and the Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (RWBCIS). The data reveals that 97% of total reported claims—amounting to Rs 1,34,353 crore out of Rs 1,38,401 crore—have been successfully settled across the country.

Key Highlights:

• States with 100% Claim Settlement:
  • Goa, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, and Tamil Nadu achieved 100% claim settlement under the schemes.
• States with the Highest Claims Filed (FY 2018-19 to FY 2023-24):

• Maharashtra – Rs 33,259 crore (Approx. 24% of total claims)
• Rajasthan – Rs 25,284 crore
• Madhya Pradesh (MP) – Rs 22,749 crore
• States with the Highest Claims Paid (as of March 31, 2025):
  0. Maharashtra – Rs 32,628 crore
  1. Madhya Pradesh – Rs 22,274 crore
  2. Rajasthan – Rs 24,806 crore
• States/UTs with the Lowest Claims Paid in Last 6 Years:

• Goa – Rs 0.1 crore
• Andaman & Nicobar Islands – Rs 0.1 crore
• Sikkim – Rs 0.6 crore
• Manipur – Rs 6.2 crore

This data reflects the strong implementation of crop insurance schemes in major agricultural states while also highlighting regions where participation and payouts remain minimal.

Atal Pension Yojana (APY): Empowering India’s Unorganised Sector with Retirement Security

The Atal Pension Yojana (APY) is a flagship social security scheme launched by the Government of India under the Ministry of Finance (MoF) on May 9, 2015, and became operational on June 1, 2015. The scheme is aimed at providing retirement benefits to workers in the unorganised sector, ensuring financial protection for the poor and underprivileged sections of society.

Key Highlights of Atal Pension Yojana:

• Administered By:
  • Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)
  • Operates under the National Pension System (NPS) architecture
• Scheme Features:
  • Voluntary savings scheme offering defined pension benefits
  • Pension amount is linked to the subscriber’s age at joining and monthly contributions
  • Eligibility (Initial): All Indian citizens aged 18 to 40 years
  • Revised Eligibility: From October 1, 2022, income tax payers are excluded from the scheme
• Enrolment & Corpus Growth:
  • Enrolment rose from 1.54 crore (March 2019) to 7.65 crore (April 2025)
  • Total corpus mobilized: ₹ 45,974.67 crore

About PFRDA:

• Purpose: Regulates and promotes the pension sector in India
• Statutory Status: Granted through the PFRDA Act, 2013, notified on February 1, 2014
• Under: Department of Financial Services (DFS), Ministry of Finance
• Chairman: Sivasubramanian Ramann
• Headquarters: New Delhi
• Established: 2013

The Atal Pension Yojana continues to serve as a crucial pillar for retirement planning in India’s vast unorganised workforce, significantly increasing financial inclusion and long-term social security.

Expansion of Credit Guarantee Scheme for Startups (CGSS): Boosting Capital Access for Innovation-Led Enterprises

In May 2025, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I) notified a significant expansion of the Credit Guarantee Scheme for Startups (CGSS). This move is aimed at enhancing capital mobilization for startups, especially those involved in innovation, R&D, and cutting-edge technologies. The expansion replaces the earlier notification dated October 6, 2022, and is effective from May 8, 2025.

Key Highlights of the CGSS Expansion:

• Increased Guarantee Limit:
  • Guarantee cover per borrower doubled from ₹10 crore to ₹20 crore
• Enhanced Coverage:
  • For loans up to ₹10 crore: 85% of default amount is guaranteed
  • For loans above ₹10 crore: 75% of default amount is guaranteed
• Reduced Annual Guarantee Fee (AGF):
  • For startups in 27 Champion Sectors: reduced from 2% to 1% per annum
  • Champion Sectors are identified under the Make in India initiative
  • This will encourage innovation in domestic manufacturing and support self-reliance
• Impact:
  • Reduced risk for financial institutions lending to startups
  • Encourages greater R&D, experimentation, and technological innovation
  • Ensures better financial flow and longer runway for early-stage enterprises

About the CGSS:

• Launched: October 6, 2022
• Purpose: Provide credit guarantees for loans to DPIIT-recognized startups
• Lending Institutions: Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs), NBFCs, Venture Debt Funds (VDFs) under SEBI-registered AIFs
• Managed by: National Credit Guarantee Trustee Company Limited (NCGTC) under Department of Financial Services (DFS), Ministry of Finance

Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I):

• Union Minister: Piyush Goyal (Mumbai North, Maharashtra)
• Minister of State: Jitin Prasada (Pilibhit, Uttar Pradesh)

Coal Ministry Signs Agreement to Promote Coal Gasification Projects under Financial Incentive Scheme

On May 8, 2025, the Ministry of Coal (MoC) signed the Coal Gasification Plant Development and Production Agreement (CGPDPA) with selected applicants under Category II of the Coal Gasification Financial Incentive Scheme (FIS). The initiative aims to promote cleaner and more sustainable energy alternatives by advancing coal gasification technology.

Important Highlights

• The agreement supports the development of coal gasification plants, a cleaner alternative to traditional coal combustion.
• Coal gasification converts coal into synthesis gas (syngas), reducing environmental impact.

Selected Category II Participants

The following companies have been chosen under Category II of the scheme:

• Jindal Steel and Power Limited (JSP) – New Delhi, Delhi
• New Era Cleantech Solution Private Limited – Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Greta Energy and Metal Private Limited – Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Presence of Key Officials

• Sanoj Kumar Jha, Additional Secretary, Ministry of Coal
• Asheesh Kumar, Officer on Special Duty (Technical)
• BK Thakur, Director (Technical), Ministry of Coal

Overview of the Financial Incentive Scheme for Coal Gasification

• Launched in 2024 with a total budget of Rs 8500 crore
• Objective: Achieve 100 million tonnes of coal gasification by 2030
• Encourages participation from both public and private sector entities

Categories under the Scheme

Category I – Government Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs)

• Budget: Rs 4050 crore
• Support: Up to 3 projects
• Grant: Rs 1350 crore or 15 percent of capital expenditure, whichever is lower
• Disbursal: In two equal installments

Category II – Government PSUs and Private Sector Companies

• Budget: Rs 3850 crore
• Selection: Through transparent tariff-based bidding, in consultation with NITI Aayog
• Grant: Rs 1000 crore or 15 percent of capital expenditure, whichever is lower

Category III – Demonstration Projects Using Indigenous Technology

• Budget: Rs 600 crore
• Grant: Rs 100 crore or 15 percent of capital expenditure, whichever is lower
• Eligibility: Minimum capex of Rs 100 crore and syngas production of at least 1500 Nm³ per hour
• Selection: Through transparent bidding

About the Ministry of Coal

• Union Minister: G Kishan Reddy (Constituency – Secunderabad, Telangana)
• Minister of State: Satish Chandra Dubey (Rajya Sabha – Bihar)

Adani Green Energy Becomes World’s First Renewable Energy IPP to Achieve Water Positivity

On May 8, 2025, Adani Green Energy Limited (AGEL), based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, achieved a significant global milestone by becoming the world’s first Renewable Energy (RE) Independent Power Producer (IPP) to become water positive. AGEL, a joint venture between the Adani Group and Total Energies (France), attained this status with a massive 14 GW operational portfolio, reaching the goal one year ahead of its FY26 target.

Key Highlights of AGEL’s Water Positive Achievement

• First among top 10 global RE IPPs to be certified as water positive.
• Certified by Intertek, a UK-based global assurance firm, after evaluating water usage and conservation data across:
  • 103 operational sites
  • 85 water conservation sites
• Over 1.23 lakh people have benefited through 85 rejuvenated water ponds, especially in water-scarce regions.
• More than 54 percent of AGEL’s operational capacity uses robotic, waterless cleaning technology for solar panels.
  • This alone helps save approximately 546 million litres of water annually.
• Additional sustainability initiatives include:
  • Rainwater harvesting
  • Deepening of traditional water bodies
  • Pilot projects like condensing clean drinking water from humid air
• AGEL’s entire operational portfolio achieved water positivity by FY25, a year ahead of schedule.

Understanding Water Positivity

Water positivity means that an organization returns more freshwater to the environment than it consumes during its operations.
It involves:

• Reducing and optimizing water usage
• Preserving and replenishing natural water sources

Additional Certifications

AGEL’s operational portfolio is also:

• Single-use plastic free
• Zero waste-to-landfill compliant

About Adani Green Energy Limited

• CEO: Ashish Khanna
• Headquarters: Ahmedabad, Gujarat
• Founded: 2016

India and Chile Sign Terms of Reference to Launch Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement

On May 8, 2025, India and Chile signed the Terms of Reference (ToR) for negotiating a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), marking a major step forward in strengthening bilateral trade and economic cooperation.

Key Highlights

• The ToR was signed by:
  • H.E. Juan Angulo, Ambassador of Chile to India
  • Vimal Anand, Joint Secretary, Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce & Industry (MoC&I), and India’s Chief Negotiator for CEPA
• First round of CEPA negotiations will begin on May 26, 2025.

Background and Timeline

• 2005: India and Chile signed a Framework Agreement on Economic Cooperation.
• 2006: A Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) was signed.
• 2016: An expanded PTA was signed and came into force on May 16, 2017.
• 2019: Both countries agreed to further expand the PTA.
• 2025: ToR for CEPA signed to launch a broader and deeper economic engagement.

Objectives of the India-Chile CEPA

• Build on the existing PTA and expand trade coverage.
• Include new sectors such as:
  • Digital services
  • Investment promotion and cooperation
  • Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)
  • Critical minerals
• Boost bilateral trade, create employment opportunities, enhance exports, and attract investments.

About Chile

• President: Gabriel Boric Font
• Capital: Santiago
• Currency: Chilean Peso (CLP)

Australia and UK Universities to Establish Campuses in Navi Mumbai’s Educity

In May 2025, Maharashtra’s City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) signed agreements with two prestigious global universities—University of York (United Kingdom) and University of Western Australia (Australia)—to establish their campuses in Educity, Navi Mumbai, a world-class education hub.

Key Highlights

• Location: Educity, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Investment: Rs. 1500 crore for each campus
• Partner Universities:
  • University of York (UK)
  • University of Western Australia (Australia)

About the Campuses

• The University of York campus is expected to begin operations in 2026, subject to approval from the University Grants Commission (UGC).
• It will offer Undergraduate (UG) and Postgraduate (PG) programs in:
  • Computer Science with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Cybersecurity
  • Business
  • Economics
  • Creative Industries

About Educity

• Educity is a mega educational hub being developed by CIDCO in Navi Mumbai.
• The project aims to host 10 to 12 globally top-ranked universities, creating a global standard education ecosystem in India.

Karnataka Startup Launches India’s First AI-Based All-in-One Agriculture App

In April 2025, SBOF Agrosmart Private Limited, a Belagavi, Karnataka-based startup, launched India’s first AI-powered all-in-one agriculture app, aimed at revolutionizing farming through Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and precision agriculture tools. The launch event took place in Belagavi in the presence of Karnataka’s Minister of Public Works, Satish Jarkiholi.

Key Highlights

• Developer: SBOF Agrosmart Pvt. Ltd., Belagavi, Karnataka
• Objective: To empower farmers with smart, real-time, data-driven solutions using AI and IoT
• Launch Location: Belagavi, Karnataka
• Technology: Integrates AI, IoT, and precision farming methods

Features of the App

• 24/7 Multilingual Chatbot Assistance: Ensures continuous support in multiple languages
• Real-Time Crop Advisory: Provides region-specific, data-backed recommendations for crop health and productivity
• Government Scheme Updates: Keeps farmers updated on the latest schemes and subsidies for informed financial planning
• Addresses Key Challenges: Helps mitigate issues like unpredictable climate, market volatility, pest outbreaks, poor input quality, and lack of access to schemes and technology

India Contributes to Major Milestone in ITER Fusion Project

In April 2025, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), the world’s largest nuclear fusion project located in southern France, achieved a key milestone in developing its main magnet system. India played a pivotal role in building essential infrastructure for confining super-hot plasma particles, which are crucial for fusion energy production.

Key Highlights

• Collaborators: ITER is a global project involving the United States, China, Japan, Russia, and the European Union (EU), with more than 30 countries participating.
• India’s Contribution: India was instrumental in designing and manufacturing critical components, including the cryostat and cryolines for cooling the magnets.
• Central Solenoid: The final component of the magnet system, the Central Solenoid, has been completed and tested by the USA and will be assembled in France. This magnet will drive the plasma for fusion reactions.
• Future Milestone: The start-up phase of the ITER project is scheduled for 2033.

India’s Role

• Cryostat: India designed and built the 30-meter tall and wide cryostat, which houses the entire ITER Tokamak.
• Cryolines: India constructed the cryolines that carry liquid helium to cool the magnets to minus 269°C, necessary for superconductivity.
• Other Contributions: India also provided the reactor’s in-wall shielding, cooling systems, and key parts of the heating systems that will increase plasma temperature to over 150 million°C (10 times hotter than the Sun’s core).

About Tokamak Reactor

• Function: The Tokamak reactor is an experimental device designed to achieve controlled nuclear fusion, mimicking the process that powers the Sun.
• Design: It uses powerful magnetic fields to confine superheated plasma in a doughnut-shaped chamber and enables atomic nuclei to fuse, releasing energy.
• Development: Initially developed by Soviet researchers in the 1960s, the Tokamak design is now considered the leading approach for magnetic confinement fusion worldwide.

State news

Delhi Police Launches ‘Nayi Disha’ Initiative to Reinstate School Dropouts

In a significant step towards community empowerment, Delhi Police has launched the ‘Nayi Disha – A Path Back to Learning’ programme aimed at reintegrating school dropouts into the education system. This initiative focuses on engaging with families, understanding the causes of dropout, and providing holistic support through collaboration with NGOs, schools, and social workers.

Key Highlights:

• Target Group: The programme specifically targets children who dropped out of school due to financial, domestic, or academic challenges.
• Direct Engagement: Police officers will conduct door-to-door outreach to identify and support affected children, ensuring a direct approach to tackle the problem.
• Holistic Support: The initiative offers emotional counselling, academic assistance, and admission facilitation to help children re-enter the education system.
• Collaboration with Stakeholders: Partnerships with NGOs, schools, and social workers aim to provide necessary resources, such as funding and tuition support, for a successful reintegration.

Implementation Strategy:

• Personal Visits: Police officers will visit the families of dropouts to understand the underlying reasons for school abandonment.
• Supportive Measures: Emotional counselling and psychological support will be offered to motivate children and parents.
• NGO Collaboration: Non-governmental organizations will assist with funding, tuition, and mentorship.
• School Re-enrollment: Schools are encouraged to facilitate a smooth re-enrollment process for the children returning to education.

Background Context:

Many children in Delhi drop out of school due to issues like poverty, domestic instability, and lack of academic support. By shifting their role from law enforcement to social empowerment, the Delhi Police aims to address these challenges and promote educational continuity for disadvantaged children.

Significance of the Initiative:

• Transforming Police Role: This initiative highlights the shift from a protective to an empowering role for the police, making them social mentors in urban governance.
• Long-term Social Goals: It aligns with broader social development goals related to education and child welfare.
• Model for Other Cities: The programme could serve as a model for other metropolitan cities grappling with similar dropout issues.
• Building Trust: It also aims to strengthen community trust in police institutions through active involvement in community development.

International news

58th Annual Meeting of ADB Board of Governors Held in Milan

The 58th Annual Meeting (AM) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Board of Governors took place from May 4 to 7, 2025, at the Allianz MiCo-Milano Convention Centre in Milan, Italy.

Theme and Inauguration

• The theme of the meeting was “Sharing Experience, Building Tomorrow”.
• Masato Kanda, President of ADB, inaugurated the event.

Key Highlights

• Indian Delegation: The Indian delegation was led by Union Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, from the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MoCA), along with officials from the Department of Economic Affairs (DoEA).
• ADB’s Commitment to India: ADB committed USD 5 billion in loans, grants, and other forms of assistance to India in 2024.
• Record Financial Performance: The Board of Governors approved ADB’s 2024 financial statements and reported a record-breaking USD 1.539 billion allocation from its net income, marking the highest net income allocation in the bank’s nearly 60-year history.

About ADB

• President: Masato Kanda (Japan)
• Headquarters: Manila, Philippines
• Member Nations: 69
• Established: 1966

Quad Partners Conduct Tabletop Exercise to Launch Indo-Pacific Logistics Network (IPLN)

From April 28 to May 2, 2025, the Quad partners – India, Australia, Japan, and the United States of America (USA) – conducted a Tabletop Exercise (TTX) at the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (APCSS) in Honolulu, Hawaii. The exercise simulated the launch of the Quad Indo-Pacific Logistics Network (IPLN), focusing on enhancing maritime coordination among the nations.

Key Objectives of the Tabletop Exercise (TTX)

• The exercise was designed to simulate real-world maritime scenarios, aiming to improve coordination, interoperability, and information-sharing among the Quad nations and maritime agencies.

About the Quad Indo-Pacific Logistics Network (IPLN)

• Purpose: The IPLN is a strategic initiative to boost logistics capabilities among the Quad nations for disaster response in the Indo-Pacific region.
• Focus: It ensures faster, coordinated, and efficient deployment of humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR), creating a robust logistics network.

Key Features of IPLN

• Civilian-First Focus: Prioritizes effective responses to natural disasters such as cyclones, tsunamis, and public health emergencies.
• Shared Logistics Framework: Encourages joint resource planning, digital logistics mapping, and real-time tracking for efficient crisis management.
• Interoperability: Strengthens logistical coordination and builds mutual trust among the Quad nations, enabling scalable crisis responses.
• Technology-Driven: Promotes the use of digital tools for improving the supply chain’s responsiveness.
• Regional Reach: Targets the Indo-Pacific region, including islands, coastal nations, and remote areas prone to disasters.

Complementary Initiatives

• Quad Pandemic Preparedness Workshop 2025: Held in New Delhi, India in March 2025, under India’s Quad presidency.
• Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA): Focuses on maritime security and the monitoring of illegal fishing using satellite technology.

About the Quad

• Purpose: The Quad is an informal strategic group focused on strengthening cooperation and ensuring maritime security, economic growth, and regional stability in the Indo-Pacific, particularly in response to China’s growing influence.
• History: Launched in 2007 by Japanese PM Shinzo Abe, with support from Australia, India, and the USA, the initiative was revived in 2017.

Appointment news

Cardinal Robert Prevost Elected as the 267th Pope of the Catholic Church

On May 8, 2025, Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost, a U.S.-based clergy member, was elected as the 267th Pope of the Catholic Church during the Papal conclave held in the Sistine Chapel, Vatican City.

Key Points:

• Pope Name: He adopted the name Pope Leo XIV, becoming the first pope from the United States.
• Succession: He succeeds Pope Francis, who passed away on April 21, 2025.

Selection Process:

• Following the death of Pope Francis, 133 cardinals from around the world gathered at the Papal conclave in Vatican City to elect the new pope.
• Cardinal Prevost was chosen after the fourth ballot, held on the second day of the conclave.

Defence news

BrahMos Missile Manufacturing Facility Inaugurated in Lucknow by Rajnath Singh

India has taken a major step towards defence self-reliance with the inauguration of the BrahMos missile production facility in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh on May 11, 2025. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh virtually inaugurated the facility, developed by BrahMos Aerospace with an investment of ₹300 crore. The unit is part of the Uttar Pradesh Defence Industrial Corridor and aims to boost indigenous missile manufacturing under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative.

Key Highlights

• Inauguration Date: May 11, 2025
• Inaugurated by: Defence Minister Rajnath Singh (virtually)
• Location: Uttar Pradesh Defence Industrial Corridor, Lucknow node
• Cost of Project: ₹300 crore
• Built on: 80 hectares of land allotted free by the UP government
• Completion Time: 3.5 years
• Capacity:
  • 80–100 BrahMos missiles annually
  • 100–150 next-generation BrahMos missiles annually
• Other Attendees: UP Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath

About BrahMos Missile

• Type: Supersonic cruise missile
• Developer: BrahMos Aerospace (a joint venture of DRDO, India and NPO Mashinostroyenia, Russia)
• Speed: Up to Mach 2.8
• Range: 290–400 km
• Launch Platforms: Land, sea, and air
• Guidance: Fire-and-forget system

Next-Generation BrahMos Features

• Reduced Weight: 1,290 kg (down from 2,900 kg)
• Enhanced Range: Over 300 km
• Air Launch: Can be carried in sets of 3 by Sukhoi fighter jets
• Production Timeline: Ready for delivery within a year

Objectives and Benefits

• Strategic Capability: Strengthens India’s indigenous defence production amid rising regional tensions
• Technological Advancement: Introduces advanced missile manufacturing technologies in Uttar Pradesh
• Job Creation: Expected to generate around 500 direct and thousands of indirect employment opportunities
• Economic Growth: Boosts local economy and positions Lucknow as a key defence manufacturing hub
• Technology Transfer: Facilitates growth of the aerospace sector with new tools and processes

Background and Broader Impact

• BrahMos Aerospace was formed as an Indo-Russian joint venture between DRDO and NPO Mashinostroyenia.
• The Lucknow facility was developed on land allocated in December 2021 and is part of a larger initiative by the Uttar Pradesh Defence Corridor to attract defence investments.
• The state has also allocated land to other defence companies, with an anticipated creation of over 3,000 jobs.

Award news

Sonu Sood to Receive Humanitarian Award at Miss World 2025 for COVID-19 Relief Work

Renowned Bollywood actor and philanthropist Sonu Sood will be honoured with the Humanitarian Award by the Miss World Organisation during the 72nd Miss World Festival. The award recognises his selfless contributions during the COVID-19 pandemic and his continued efforts in social welfare. The event will be held on May 31, 2025, at the HITEX Arena in Hyderabad, Telangana.

Key Highlights

• Award: Humanitarian Award
• Recipient: Sonu Sood
• Event: 72nd Miss World Festival
• Venue: HITEX Arena, Hyderabad, Telangana
• Date: May 31, 2025
• Organised by: Miss World Organisation
• Special Role: Sonu Sood will also serve as a grand finale judge at the Miss World pageant

Reason for the Honour

• COVID-19 Relief Efforts:
  • Arranged transport for stranded migrant workers and students
  • Provided oxygen cylinders and medical aid during the second wave
  • Distributed food, medicines, and essentials across India
• Sood Charity Foundation (SCF) Initiatives:
  • Focus areas: Education, healthcare, disaster relief, and skill development
  • Continuation of relief activities beyond the pandemic

Statements from Leaders

• Sonu Sood: “This award reinforces our purpose—to bring hope, support, and dignity to those in need.”
• Julia Morley, CEO of Miss World Organisation: “His compassion and tireless dedication reflect the true spirit of ‘Beauty with a Purpose.’”

Background

Sonu Sood rose to national and global recognition during India’s COVID-19 lockdown in 2020. His hands-on approach to supporting the vulnerable during the crisis earned him wide appreciation, which later evolved into structured charitable programs through his foundation.

Significance

This international honour reaffirms Sonu Sood’s impact as a humanitarian and positions him as a global role model for compassion and community service.

Sports news

Virat Kohli Retires from Test Cricket Marking the End of a Glorious Era

Cricketing icon Virat Kohli has officially announced his retirement from Test cricket, closing a remarkable chapter in Indian and world cricket. Known for his fiery passion, disciplined leadership, and consistent run-scoring, Kohli’s contribution to the longest format of the game will be remembered for generations.

Career Overview

• Test Debut: 2011
• Total Matches: 123
• Total Runs: 9230
• Batting Average: 46.85
• Centuries: 30
• Half-Centuries: 31
• Highest Score: 254 not out vs South Africa (Pune, 2019)
• Double Centuries: 7
• India’s Fourth-Highest Test Run Scorer after Tendulkar, Dravid, and Gavaskar

Impactful Test Captaincy

• Captaincy Tenure: 2014–2022
• Matches as Captain: 68
• Wins: 40
• Losses: 17
• Win Percentage: 58.82 percent (highest among Indian Test captains)
• Milestone Victory: First-ever Indian Test series win in Australia (2018–19)
• Other Achievements: India reached No. 1 in ICC Test rankings during his leadership

Final Series and Recent Form

• Last Match: 2025 Border-Gavaskar Trophy, Sydney
• Series Result: Australia won 3-1
• Runs Scored in Series: 190 in 9 innings with 1 century
• Age at Retirement: 36
• Reason for Retirement: Decline in recent form and a natural transition phase

End of an Era

• Kohli’s retirement closely follows Rohit Sharma’s exit from the Test format, marking a significant shift in Indian Test cricket leadership.
• Rising star Shubman Gill is being considered for the role of Test captain.
• India now faces the challenge of rebuilding the team’s core ahead of the upcoming five-match Test series in England.

Legacy of Kohli’s Test Career

• One of the few Indian batsmen to score centuries in all major Test-playing nations — Australia, England, South Africa, and New Zealand.
• His seven double centuries are the most by an Indian captain.
• Elevated the fitness standards of the Indian team and emphasized pace bowling depth and aggression.

Virat Kohli’s departure from Test cricket brings down the curtain on one of the most impactful careers in Indian cricket history, both as a batter and a leader. His legacy will inspire future generations of cricketers aiming to excel in red-ball cricket.

Science and tech news

Sarvam AI Launches ‘Bulbul v2’ Text-to-Speech Model Supporting 11 Indian Languages

In May 2025, Sarvam Artificial Intelligence (Sarvam AI), based in Bengaluru, Karnataka, launched ‘Bulbul v2’, an advanced AI-powered Text-to-Speech (TTS) model designed to offer natural-sounding speech in 11 Indian languages. This model enhances digital voice applications with authentic regional accents.

Key Features of Bulbul v2:

• Supported Languages: The model supports Hindi, Marathi, Punjabi, Odia, Tamil, Bengali, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Gujarati, and English.
• Flagship Model: Bulbul v2 is the upgraded version of Bulbul v1, which was released in August 2024.
• Cost-Effective: It offers India-first pricing for API access, making AI speech services more affordable across the country.
• Customization: Provides fine control over pitch, pace, and loudness, with multiple sample rates ranging from 8 kHz to 24 kHz.
• Smart Normalization: Includes advanced features like smart normalization for numbers, dates, and mixed-language text, ensuring more accurate and natural speech output.

Books and author

Kaunain Sheriff M’s Book “The Johnson & Johnson Files: The Indian Secrets of a Global Giant” Released

In May 2025, Kaunain Sheriff M, the National Health Editor at The Indian Express, released his book titled “The Johnson & Johnson Files: The Indian Secrets of a Global Giant”. The book offers an in-depth investigation into a major medical device controversy involving Johnson & Johnson (J&J), one of the world’s leading pharmaceutical companies. The book was published by Juggernaut Books, based in New Delhi.

Key Highlights of the Book:

• Focus on the ASR Hip Implant Scandal: The book explores the Articular Surface Replacement (ASR) hip implant scandal, which started in 2003 when J&J’s subsidiary DePuy Orthopaedics introduced the implants, claiming their durability.
• Global Recall and Indian Impact: By 2010, the implants were globally recalled due to high failure rates and metal toxicity. However, approximately 4,700 Indian patients had already received them, unaware of the associated risks.
• Investigative Foundation: Sheriff’s book builds upon investigative reports published by The Indian Express in 2018-2019, shedding light on corporate negligence and regulatory oversights that compromised patient safety.
• Indian Patients’ Struggle for Justice: The narrative emphasizes the long battle faced by Indian patients who fought for justice and compensation, contrasting this with the USD 2.5 billion settlement that Johnson & Johnson provided to patients in the USA.

Important days

Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for WWII Victims: 8-9 May 2025

The United Nations (UN) annually observes Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those Who Lost Their Lives during the Second World War on 8th and 9th May to honor the victims of WWII, which claimed the lives of around 40 million civilians and 20 million soldiers.

2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the end of WWII.

Key Points:

• UN Resolution: On 22 November 2004, the UN General Assembly (UNGA) adopted the resolution A/RES/59/26, officially designating 8-9 May as a day of remembrance for WWII victims.
• Global Tribute: The resolution encourages UN Member States, NGOs, and individuals worldwide to observe these days each year in tribute to the victims of WWII.
• First Observance: The first observance was held in 2005, marking the 60th anniversary of the end of WWII and the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the UN.

About the United Nations (UN):

• Secretary-General: António Guterres
• Headquarters: New York, USA
• Established: 1945

International Nurses Day 2025 Overview

International Nurses Day (IND) is celebrated globally on May 12 every year to mark the birth anniversary of Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing. The day honors the crucial contributions of nurses to public health and healthcare systems worldwide.

Theme for 2025 The 2025 theme is: “Our Nurses. Our Future. Caring for nurses strengthens economies”
This emphasizes the urgent need to invest in the well-being, rights, and professional development of nurses to strengthen both healthcare systems and economic stability.

Why It Matters in 2025
The theme reflects challenges like post-pandemic fatigue, nurse shortages, and the increasing strain on global health systems. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) urges governments and institutions to enhance support for nurses to ensure a resilient healthcare infrastructure.

Key Objectives of International Nurses Day 2025

• Promote physical, mental, and occupational well-being of nurses
• Advocate for increased funding, fair wages, and safe workplaces
• Emphasize the link between nurse welfare and economic strength
• Celebrate the dedication and compassion of nurses across the world

Historical Background

• Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) revolutionized nursing during the Crimean War
• In 1953, Dorothy Sutherland proposed a global nurses’ day
• ICN officially established IND in 1965
• May 12 was designated as the fixed date in 1974
• The lamp symbolizes Nightingale’s legacy and features in lamp-lighting ceremonies

Themes from Previous Years

• 2024 – Our Nurses. Our Future: The Economic Power of Care
• 2023 – Our Nurses. Our Future
• 2022 – Nurses: A Voice to Lead – Invest in Nursing and Respect Rights to Secure Global Health

Significance of IND 2025

• Highlights the global nursing crisis due to underinvestment
• Promotes healthcare reforms focusing on education, staffing, and leadership
• Encourages collaboration among nurses, governments, and healthcare bodies
• Urges governments to prioritize nurse support for healthier societies and economie

Major Challenges Faced by Nurses Globally

• Burnout and mental stress from high workloads
• Inadequate compensation and prolonged working hours
• Staff shortages and limited training opportunities
• Health risks during pandemics and emergencies

9th May 2025 Current Affairs

National news

PMFBY Claim Settlement Update: 97% Claims Resolved; Goa, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, and Tamil Nadu Achieve 100%

In April 2025, the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (MoA&FW) presented data in the Lok Sabha highlighting the performance of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) and the Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (RWBCIS). The data reveals that 97% of total reported claims—amounting to Rs 1,34,353 crore out of Rs 1,38,401 crore—have been successfully settled across the country.

Key Highlights:

• States with 100% Claim Settlement:
  • Goa, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, and Tamil Nadu achieved 100% claim settlement under the schemes.
• States with the Highest Claims Filed (FY 2018-19 to FY 2023-24):

• Maharashtra – Rs 33,259 crore (Approx. 24% of total claims)
• Rajasthan – Rs 25,284 crore
• Madhya Pradesh (MP) – Rs 22,749 crore
• States with the Highest Claims Paid (as of March 31, 2025):
  0. Maharashtra – Rs 32,628 crore
  1. Madhya Pradesh – Rs 22,274 crore
  2. Rajasthan – Rs 24,806 crore
• States/UTs with the Lowest Claims Paid in Last 6 Years:

• Goa – Rs 0.1 crore
• Andaman & Nicobar Islands – Rs 0.1 crore
• Sikkim – Rs 0.6 crore
• Manipur – Rs 6.2 crore

This data reflects the strong implementation of crop insurance schemes in major agricultural states while also highlighting regions where participation and payouts remain minimal.

Atal Pension Yojana (APY): Empowering India’s Unorganised Sector with Retirement Security

The Atal Pension Yojana (APY) is a flagship social security scheme launched by the Government of India under the Ministry of Finance (MoF) on May 9, 2015, and became operational on June 1, 2015. The scheme is aimed at providing retirement benefits to workers in the unorganised sector, ensuring financial protection for the poor and underprivileged sections of society.

Key Highlights of Atal Pension Yojana:

• Administered By:
  • Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)
  • Operates under the National Pension System (NPS) architecture
• Scheme Features:
  • Voluntary savings scheme offering defined pension benefits
  • Pension amount is linked to the subscriber’s age at joining and monthly contributions
  • Eligibility (Initial): All Indian citizens aged 18 to 40 years
  • Revised Eligibility: From October 1, 2022, income tax payers are excluded from the scheme
• Enrolment & Corpus Growth:
  • Enrolment rose from 1.54 crore (March 2019) to 7.65 crore (April 2025)
  • Total corpus mobilized: ₹ 45,974.67 crore

About PFRDA:

• Purpose: Regulates and promotes the pension sector in India
• Statutory Status: Granted through the PFRDA Act, 2013, notified on February 1, 2014
• Under: Department of Financial Services (DFS), Ministry of Finance
• Chairman: Sivasubramanian Ramann
• Headquarters: New Delhi
• Established: 2013

The Atal Pension Yojana continues to serve as a crucial pillar for retirement planning in India’s vast unorganised workforce, significantly increasing financial inclusion and long-term social security.

Adani Green Energy Becomes World’s First Renewable Energy IPP to Achieve Water Positivity

On May 8, 2025, Adani Green Energy Limited (AGEL), based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, achieved a significant global milestone by becoming the world’s first Renewable Energy (RE) Independent Power Producer (IPP) to become water positive. AGEL, a joint venture between the Adani Group and Total Energies (France), attained this status with a massive 14 GW operational portfolio, reaching the goal one year ahead of its FY26 target.

Key Highlights of AGEL’s Water Positive Achievement

• First among top 10 global RE IPPs to be certified as water positive.
• Certified by Intertek, a UK-based global assurance firm, after evaluating water usage and conservation data across:
  • 103 operational sites
  • 85 water conservation sites
• Over 1.23 lakh people have benefited through 85 rejuvenated water ponds, especially in water-scarce regions.
• More than 54 percent of AGEL’s operational capacity uses robotic, waterless cleaning technology for solar panels.
  • This alone helps save approximately 546 million litres of water annually.
• Additional sustainability initiatives include:
  • Rainwater harvesting
  • Deepening of traditional water bodies
  • Pilot projects like condensing clean drinking water from humid air
• AGEL’s entire operational portfolio achieved water positivity by FY25, a year ahead of schedule.

Understanding Water Positivity

Water positivity means that an organization returns more freshwater to the environment than it consumes during its operations.
It involves:

• Reducing and optimizing water usage
• Preserving and replenishing natural water sources

Additional Certifications

AGEL’s operational portfolio is also:

• Single-use plastic free
• Zero waste-to-landfill compliant

About Adani Green Energy Limited

• CEO: Ashish Khanna
• Headquarters: Ahmedabad, Gujarat
• Founded: 2016

India and Chile Sign Terms of Reference to Launch Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement

On May 8, 2025, India and Chile signed the Terms of Reference (ToR) for negotiating a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), marking a major step forward in strengthening bilateral trade and economic cooperation.

Key Highlights

• The ToR was signed by:
  • H.E. Juan Angulo, Ambassador of Chile to India
  • Vimal Anand, Joint Secretary, Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce & Industry (MoC&I), and India’s Chief Negotiator for CEPA
• First round of CEPA negotiations will begin on May 26, 2025.

Background and Timeline

• 2005: India and Chile signed a Framework Agreement on Economic Cooperation.
• 2006: A Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) was signed.
• 2016: An expanded PTA was signed and came into force on May 16, 2017.
• 2019: Both countries agreed to further expand the PTA.
• 2025: ToR for CEPA signed to launch a broader and deeper economic engagement.

Objectives of the India-Chile CEPA

• Build on the existing PTA and expand trade coverage.
• Include new sectors such as:
  • Digital services
  • Investment promotion and cooperation
  • Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)
  • Critical minerals
• Boost bilateral trade, create employment opportunities, enhance exports, and attract investments.

About Chile

• President: Gabriel Boric Font
• Capital: Santiago
• Currency: Chilean Peso (CLP)

Australia and UK Universities to Establish Campuses in Navi Mumbai’s Educity

In May 2025, Maharashtra’s City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) signed agreements with two prestigious global universities—University of York (United Kingdom) and University of Western Australia (Australia)—to establish their campuses in Educity, Navi Mumbai, a world-class education hub.

Key Highlights

• Location: Educity, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Investment: Rs. 1500 crore for each campus
• Partner Universities:
  • University of York (UK)
  • University of Western Australia (Australia)

About the Campuses

• The University of York campus is expected to begin operations in 2026, subject to approval from the University Grants Commission (UGC).
• It will offer Undergraduate (UG) and Postgraduate (PG) programs in:
  • Computer Science with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Cybersecurity
  • Business
  • Economics
  • Creative Industries

About Educity

• Educity is a mega educational hub being developed by CIDCO in Navi Mumbai.
• The project aims to host 10 to 12 globally top-ranked universities, creating a global standard education ecosystem in India.

Karnataka Startup Launches India’s First AI-Based All-in-One Agriculture App

In April 2025, SBOF Agrosmart Private Limited, a Belagavi, Karnataka-based startup, launched India’s first AI-powered all-in-one agriculture app, aimed at revolutionizing farming through Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and precision agriculture tools. The launch event took place in Belagavi in the presence of Karnataka’s Minister of Public Works, Satish Jarkiholi.

Key Highlights

• Developer: SBOF Agrosmart Pvt. Ltd., Belagavi, Karnataka
• Objective: To empower farmers with smart, real-time, data-driven solutions using AI and IoT
• Launch Location: Belagavi, Karnataka
• Technology: Integrates AI, IoT, and precision farming methods

Features of the App

• 24/7 Multilingual Chatbot Assistance: Ensures continuous support in multiple languages
• Real-Time Crop Advisory: Provides region-specific, data-backed recommendations for crop health and productivity
• Government Scheme Updates: Keeps farmers updated on the latest schemes and subsidies for informed financial planning
• Addresses Key Challenges: Helps mitigate issues like unpredictable climate, market volatility, pest outbreaks, poor input quality, and lack of access to schemes and technology

India Contributes to Major Milestone in ITER Fusion Project

In April 2025, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), the world’s largest nuclear fusion project located in southern France, achieved a key milestone in developing its main magnet system. India played a pivotal role in building essential infrastructure for confining super-hot plasma particles, which are crucial for fusion energy production.

Key Highlights

• Collaborators: ITER is a global project involving the United States, China, Japan, Russia, and the European Union (EU), with more than 30 countries participating.
• India’s Contribution: India was instrumental in designing and manufacturing critical components, including the cryostat and cryolines for cooling the magnets.
• Central Solenoid: The final component of the magnet system, the Central Solenoid, has been completed and tested by the USA and will be assembled in France. This magnet will drive the plasma for fusion reactions.
• Future Milestone: The start-up phase of the ITER project is scheduled for 2033.

India’s Role

• Cryostat: India designed and built the 30-meter tall and wide cryostat, which houses the entire ITER Tokamak.
• Cryolines: India constructed the cryolines that carry liquid helium to cool the magnets to minus 269°C, necessary for superconductivity.
• Other Contributions: India also provided the reactor’s in-wall shielding, cooling systems, and key parts of the heating systems that will increase plasma temperature to over 150 million°C (10 times hotter than the Sun’s core).

About Tokamak Reactor

• Function: The Tokamak reactor is an experimental device designed to achieve controlled nuclear fusion, mimicking the process that powers the Sun.
• Design: It uses powerful magnetic fields to confine superheated plasma in a doughnut-shaped chamber and enables atomic nuclei to fuse, releasing energy.
• Development: Initially developed by Soviet researchers in the 1960s, the Tokamak design is now considered the leading approach for magnetic confinement fusion worldwide.

State news

Delhi Police Launches ‘Nayi Disha’ Initiative to Reinstate School Dropouts

In a significant step towards community empowerment, Delhi Police has launched the ‘Nayi Disha – A Path Back to Learning’ programme aimed at reintegrating school dropouts into the education system. This initiative focuses on engaging with families, understanding the causes of dropout, and providing holistic support through collaboration with NGOs, schools, and social workers.

Key Highlights:

• Target Group: The programme specifically targets children who dropped out of school due to financial, domestic, or academic challenges.
• Direct Engagement: Police officers will conduct door-to-door outreach to identify and support affected children, ensuring a direct approach to tackle the problem.
• Holistic Support: The initiative offers emotional counselling, academic assistance, and admission facilitation to help children re-enter the education system.
• Collaboration with Stakeholders: Partnerships with NGOs, schools, and social workers aim to provide necessary resources, such as funding and tuition support, for a successful reintegration.

Implementation Strategy:

• Personal Visits: Police officers will visit the families of dropouts to understand the underlying reasons for school abandonment.
• Supportive Measures: Emotional counselling and psychological support will be offered to motivate children and parents.
• NGO Collaboration: Non-governmental organizations will assist with funding, tuition, and mentorship.
• School Re-enrollment: Schools are encouraged to facilitate a smooth re-enrollment process for the children returning to education.

Background Context:

Many children in Delhi drop out of school due to issues like poverty, domestic instability, and lack of academic support. By shifting their role from law enforcement to social empowerment, the Delhi Police aims to address these challenges and promote educational continuity for disadvantaged children.

Significance of the Initiative:

• Transforming Police Role: This initiative highlights the shift from a protective to an empowering role for the police, making them social mentors in urban governance.
• Long-term Social Goals: It aligns with broader social development goals related to education and child welfare.
• Model for Other Cities: The programme could serve as a model for other metropolitan cities grappling with similar dropout issues.
• Building Trust: It also aims to strengthen community trust in police institutions through active involvement in community development.

International news

58th Annual Meeting of ADB Board of Governors Held in Milan

The 58th Annual Meeting (AM) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Board of Governors took place from May 4 to 7, 2025, at the Allianz MiCo-Milano Convention Centre in Milan, Italy.

Theme and Inauguration

• The theme of the meeting was “Sharing Experience, Building Tomorrow”.
• Masato Kanda, President of ADB, inaugurated the event.

Key Highlights

• Indian Delegation: The Indian delegation was led by Union Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, from the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MoCA), along with officials from the Department of Economic Affairs (DoEA).
• ADB’s Commitment to India: ADB committed USD 5 billion in loans, grants, and other forms of assistance to India in 2024.
• Record Financial Performance: The Board of Governors approved ADB’s 2024 financial statements and reported a record-breaking USD 1.539 billion allocation from its net income, marking the highest net income allocation in the bank’s nearly 60-year history.

About ADB

• President: Masato Kanda (Japan)
• Headquarters: Manila, Philippines
• Member Nations: 69
• Established: 1966

Quad Partners Conduct Tabletop Exercise to Launch Indo-Pacific Logistics Network (IPLN)

From April 28 to May 2, 2025, the Quad partners – India, Australia, Japan, and the United States of America (USA) – conducted a Tabletop Exercise (TTX) at the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (APCSS) in Honolulu, Hawaii. The exercise simulated the launch of the Quad Indo-Pacific Logistics Network (IPLN), focusing on enhancing maritime coordination among the nations.

Key Objectives of the Tabletop Exercise (TTX)

• The exercise was designed to simulate real-world maritime scenarios, aiming to improve coordination, interoperability, and information-sharing among the Quad nations and maritime agencies.

About the Quad Indo-Pacific Logistics Network (IPLN)

• Purpose: The IPLN is a strategic initiative to boost logistics capabilities among the Quad nations for disaster response in the Indo-Pacific region.
• Focus: It ensures faster, coordinated, and efficient deployment of humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR), creating a robust logistics network.

Key Features of IPLN

• Civilian-First Focus: Prioritizes effective responses to natural disasters such as cyclones, tsunamis, and public health emergencies.
• Shared Logistics Framework: Encourages joint resource planning, digital logistics mapping, and real-time tracking for efficient crisis management.
• Interoperability: Strengthens logistical coordination and builds mutual trust among the Quad nations, enabling scalable crisis responses.
• Technology-Driven: Promotes the use of digital tools for improving the supply chain’s responsiveness.
• Regional Reach: Targets the Indo-Pacific region, including islands, coastal nations, and remote areas prone to disasters.

Complementary Initiatives

• Quad Pandemic Preparedness Workshop 2025: Held in New Delhi, India in March 2025, under India’s Quad presidency.
• Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA): Focuses on maritime security and the monitoring of illegal fishing using satellite technology.

About the Quad

• Purpose: The Quad is an informal strategic group focused on strengthening cooperation and ensuring maritime security, economic growth, and regional stability in the Indo-Pacific, particularly in response to China’s growing influence.
• History: Launched in 2007 by Japanese PM Shinzo Abe, with support from Australia, India, and the USA, the initiative was revived in 2017.

Appointment news

Cardinal Robert Prevost Elected as the 267th Pope of the Catholic Church

On May 8, 2025, Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost, a U.S.-based clergy member, was elected as the 267th Pope of the Catholic Church during the Papal conclave held in the Sistine Chapel, Vatican City.

Key Points:

• Pope Name: He adopted the name Pope Leo XIV, becoming the first pope from the United States.
• Succession: He succeeds Pope Francis, who passed away on April 21, 2025.

Defence news

BrahMos Missile Manufacturing Facility Inaugurated in Lucknow by Rajnath Singh

India has taken a major step towards defence self-reliance with the inauguration of the BrahMos missile production facility in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh on May 11, 2025. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh virtually inaugurated the facility, developed by BrahMos Aerospace with an investment of ₹300 crore. The unit is part of the Uttar Pradesh Defence Industrial Corridor and aims to boost indigenous missile manufacturing under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative.

Key Highlights

• Inauguration Date: May 11, 2025
• Inaugurated by: Defence Minister Rajnath Singh (virtually)
• Location: Uttar Pradesh Defence Industrial Corridor, Lucknow node
• Cost of Project: ₹300 crore
• Built on: 80 hectares of land allotted free by the UP government
• Completion Time: 3.5 years
• Capacity:
  • 80–100 BrahMos missiles annually
  • 100–150 next-generation BrahMos missiles annually
• Other Attendees: UP Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath

About BrahMos Missile

• Type: Supersonic cruise missile
• Developer: BrahMos Aerospace (a joint venture of DRDO, India and NPO Mashinostroyenia, Russia)
• Speed: Up to Mach 2.8
• Range: 290–400 km
• Launch Platforms: Land, sea, and air
• Guidance: Fire-and-forget system

Next-Generation BrahMos Features

• Reduced Weight: 1,290 kg (down from 2,900 kg)
• Enhanced Range: Over 300 km
• Air Launch: Can be carried in sets of 3 by Sukhoi fighter jets
• Production Timeline: Ready for delivery within a year

Objectives and Benefits

• Strategic Capability: Strengthens India’s indigenous defence production amid rising regional tensions
• Technological Advancement: Introduces advanced missile manufacturing technologies in Uttar Pradesh
• Job Creation: Expected to generate around 500 direct and thousands of indirect employment opportunities
• Economic Growth: Boosts local economy and positions Lucknow as a key defence manufacturing hub
• Technology Transfer: Facilitates growth of the aerospace sector with new tools and processes

Background and Broader Impact

• BrahMos Aerospace was formed as an Indo-Russian joint venture between DRDO and NPO Mashinostroyenia.
• The Lucknow facility was developed on land allocated in December 2021 and is part of a larger initiative by the Uttar Pradesh Defence Corridor to attract defence investments.
• The state has also allocated land to other defence companies, with an anticipated creation of over 3,000 jobs.

Award news

Sonu Sood to Receive Humanitarian Award at Miss World 2025 for COVID-19 Relief Work

Renowned Bollywood actor and philanthropist Sonu Sood will be honoured with the Humanitarian Award by the Miss World Organisation during the 72nd Miss World Festival. The award recognises his selfless contributions during the COVID-19 pandemic and his continued efforts in social welfare. The event will be held on May 31, 2025, at the HITEX Arena in Hyderabad, Telangana.

Key Highlights

• Award: Humanitarian Award
• Recipient: Sonu Sood
• Event: 72nd Miss World Festival
• Venue: HITEX Arena, Hyderabad, Telangana
• Date: May 31, 2025
• Organised by: Miss World Organisation
• Special Role: Sonu Sood will also serve as a grand finale judge at the Miss World pageant

Sports news

Virat Kohli Retires from Test Cricket Marking the End of a Glorious Era

Cricketing icon Virat Kohli has officially announced his retirement from Test cricket, closing a remarkable chapter in Indian and world cricket. Known for his fiery passion, disciplined leadership, and consistent run-scoring, Kohli’s contribution to the longest format of the game will be remembered for generations.

Career Overview

• Test Debut: 2011
• Total Matches: 123
• Total Runs: 9230
• Batting Average: 46.85
• Centuries: 30
• Half-Centuries: 31
• Highest Score: 254 not out vs South Africa (Pune, 2019)
• Double Centuries: 7
• India’s Fourth-Highest Test Run Scorer after Tendulkar, Dravid, and Gavaskar

Impactful Test Captaincy

• Captaincy Tenure: 2014–2022
• Matches as Captain: 68
• Wins: 40
• Losses: 17
• Win Percentage: 58.82 percent (highest among Indian Test captains)
• Milestone Victory: First-ever Indian Test series win in Australia (2018–19)
• Other Achievements: India reached No. 1 in ICC Test rankings during his leadership

Final Series and Recent Form

• Last Match: 2025 Border-Gavaskar Trophy, Sydney
• Series Result: Australia won 3-1
• Runs Scored in Series: 190 in 9 innings with 1 century
• Age at Retirement: 36
• Reason for Retirement: Decline in recent form and a natural transition phase

End of an Era

• Kohli’s retirement closely follows Rohit Sharma’s exit from the Test format, marking a significant shift in Indian Test cricket leadership.
• Rising star Shubman Gill is being considered for the role of Test captain.
• India now faces the challenge of rebuilding the team’s core ahead of the upcoming five-match Test series in England.

Legacy of Kohli’s Test Career

• One of the few Indian batsmen to score centuries in all major Test-playing nations — Australia, England, South Africa, and New Zealand.
• His seven double centuries are the most by an Indian captain.
• Elevated the fitness standards of the Indian team and emphasized pace bowling depth and aggression.

Virat Kohli’s departure from Test cricket brings down the curtain on one of the most impactful careers in Indian cricket history, both as a batter and a leader. His legacy will inspire future generations of cricketers aiming to excel in red-ball cricket.

Science and tech news

Sarvam AI Launches ‘Bulbul v2’ Text-to-Speech Model Supporting 11 Indian Languages

In May 2025, Sarvam Artificial Intelligence (Sarvam AI), based in Bengaluru, Karnataka, launched ‘Bulbul v2’, an advanced AI-powered Text-to-Speech (TTS) model designed to offer natural-sounding speech in 11 Indian languages. This model enhances digital voice applications with authentic regional accents.

Books and author

Kaunain Sheriff M’s Book “The Johnson & Johnson Files: The Indian Secrets of a Global Giant” Released

In May 2025, Kaunain Sheriff M, the National Health Editor at The Indian Express, released his book titled “The Johnson & Johnson Files: The Indian Secrets of a Global Giant”. The book offers an in-depth investigation into a major medical device controversy involving Johnson & Johnson (J&J), one of the world’s leading pharmaceutical companies. The book was published by Juggernaut Books, based in New Delhi.

Key Highlights of the Book:

• Focus on the ASR Hip Implant Scandal: The book explores the Articular Surface Replacement (ASR) hip implant scandal, which started in 2003 when J&J’s subsidiary DePuy Orthopaedics introduced the implants, claiming their durability.
• Global Recall and Indian Impact: By 2010, the implants were globally recalled due to high failure rates and metal toxicity. However, approximately 4,700 Indian patients had already received them, unaware of the associated risks.
• Investigative Foundation: Sheriff’s book builds upon investigative reports published by The Indian Express in 2018-2019, shedding light on corporate negligence and regulatory oversights that compromised patient safety.
• Indian Patients’ Struggle for Justice: The narrative emphasizes the long battle faced by Indian patients who fought for justice and compensation, contrasting this with the USD 2.5 billion settlement that Johnson & Johnson provided to patients in the USA.

Important days

Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for WWII Victims: 8-9 May 2025

The United Nations (UN) annually observes Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those Who Lost Their Lives during the Second World War on 8th and 9th May to honor the victims of WWII, which claimed the lives of around 40 million civilians and 20 million soldiers.

2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the end of WWII.

Key Points:

• UN Resolution: On 22 November 2004, the UN General Assembly (UNGA) adopted the resolution A/RES/59/26, officially designating 8-9 May as a day of remembrance for WWII victims.
• Global Tribute: The resolution encourages UN Member States, NGOs, and individuals worldwide to observe these days each year in tribute to the victims of WWII.
• First Observance: The first observance was held in 2005, marking the 60th anniversary of the end of WWII and the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the UN.

About the United Nations (UN):

• Secretary-General: António Guterres
• Headquarters: New York, USA
• Established: 1945

International Nurses Day 2025 Overview

International Nurses Day (IND) is celebrated globally on May 12 every year to mark the birth anniversary of Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing. The day honors the crucial contributions of nurses to public health and healthcare systems worldwide.

Theme for 2025 The 2025 theme is: “Our Nurses. Our Future. Caring for nurses strengthens economies”
This emphasizes the urgent need to invest in the well-being, rights, and professional development of nurses to strengthen both healthcare systems and economic stability.

Why It Matters in 2025
The theme reflects challenges like post-pandemic fatigue, nurse shortages, and the increasing strain on global health systems. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) urges governments and institutions to enhance support for nurses to ensure a resilient healthcare infrastructure.

National news

Union Cabinet Approvals – May 7, 2025: Key Decisions on Skilling, Education, and Energy

The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved several significant initiatives on May 7, 2025, aimed at strengthening skilling infrastructure, higher education, and coal allocation policies. The key highlights are as follows:

 1. National Scheme for ITI Upgradation and Skilling

• Approval granted for the National Scheme for Industrial Training Institute (ITI) Upgradation and the establishment of five (5) National Centres of Excellence (NCoE).
• Objective: To equip over 2 million youth with industry-relevant skills over the next five years.
• This scheme will be implemented as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) with a total outlay of ₹60,000 crore, as announced in the Union Budgets of 2024-25 and 2025-26.

2. Expansion of Five New IITs

• The Cabinet approved the academic and infrastructure expansion of the following Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs):
  • IIT Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh)
  • IIT Palakkad (Kerala)
  • IIT Bhilai (Chhattisgarh)
  • IIT Jammu (Jammu & Kashmir)
  • IIT Dharwad (Karnataka)
• This move aims to boost research capacity, student intake, and campus development in these newer IITs.

 3. Revised SHAKTI Policy for Coal Allocation

• The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), also chaired by the PM, approved the Revised SHAKTI Policy (Scheme for Harnessing and Allocating Koyala Transparently in India).
• The revised policy enhances transparency and flexibility in coal allocation to the power sector.
• Focus: Meeting both long-term and short-term coal requirements efficiently.
• The original SHAKTI Policy was launched in 2017 to ensure transparent allocation of coal linkages through auction or tariff-based bidding.

India Launches Chip-Based e-Passports to Boost Traveller Security – May 2025

In a landmark step toward modernizing travel documents, the Government of India (GoI) has officially introduced chip-based e-passports across the nation in May 2025, aiming to enhance the security of travellers and facilitate smooth international travel.

Key Features of e-Passports:

• Equipped with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and an embedded antenna as part of the passport inlay.
• Ensures enhanced data security by storing the passport holder’s information, including biometric data, in an encrypted format, making it difficult to forge.

Timeline & Implementation:

• These e-passports were initially rolled out on a pilot basis on April 01, 2024, under the Passport Seva Programme-Version 2.0 (PSP-V2.0).
• The full-scale implementation in 2025 follows the pilot’s success, with the government introducing updated passport regulations to further improve security, privacy, and inclusivity.

About the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA):

• Union Minister: Dr. Subrahmanyam Jaishankar (Rajya Sabha – Gujarat)
• Ministers of State (MoS):
  • Pabitra Margherita (Rajya Sabha – Assam)
  • Kirti Vardhan Singh (Lok Sabha – Gonda, Uttar Pradesh)

Union Minister Piyush Goyal Highlights India’s Clean Energy Leadership at Columbia India Energy Dialogue – May 2025

In May 2025, Union Minister Piyush Goyal of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I) addressed the Columbia India Energy Dialogue in New Delhi, underscoring India’s global leadership in the clean energy transition and reaffirming its dedication to inclusive and equitable climate action.

 Key Highlights of the Dialogue:

• The dialogue brought together major stakeholders from India and the United States (USA) to explore collaborative strategies for clean energy advancement and combating climate change.
• Organized by the India Program at Columbia University’s Center on Global Energy Policy (CGEP), part of the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA), in partnership with the Columbia Global Center in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

India’s Climate and Energy Milestones:

• Minister Goyal emphasized climate change as a global issue, calling for universal commitment under the principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR).
• India met its 2030 Renewable Energy (RE) target of 200 Gigawatts (GW) in 2022, 8 years ahead of schedule.
• The country has built a 500 GW interconnected national grid under a 2014 initiative, enabling 24/7 affordable energy and large-scale clean energy integration.
• Massive growth in solar power, which expanded 30-fold over the past decade.
• Rapid adoption of innovations like:
  • LED lighting
  • Green hydrogen
  • Biofuels and ethanol blending
  • Electric mobility
  • Green ammonia
  • Emergence of clean energy-powered data centres

Academic Collaboration:

• Minister Goyal invited Columbia University (USA) to collaborate with Indian Institutes of Eminence and consider establishing a campus in India, strengthening academic and technological cooperation.

India and UK Finalize Free Trade Agreement and Double Contribution Convention – May 2025

In May 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India and UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer jointly announced the successful conclusion of a Comprehensive and Mutually Beneficial India–UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA) along with a Double Contribution Convention aimed at strengthening bilateral trade, investment, and economic growth.

Key Highlights:

• The India–UK FTA is aligned with India’s Viksit Bharat 2047 vision and aims to boost India’s role in global value chains.
• The FTA provides zero-duty market access for 99 percent of Indian exports to the UK, covering nearly 100 percent of total trade value.
• Current India–UK bilateral trade stands at USD 60 billion and is projected to double by 2030 as a result of the agreement.
• The Double Contribution Convention has been introduced to prevent double taxation for temporarily assigned workers between India and the UK, facilitating smoother business operations and labour mobility.

About the United Kingdom:

• Prime Minister – Sir Keir Starmer
• Capital – London
• Currency – Pound Sterling (GBP)

India Lists First Mortgage Backed Pass Through Certificates on National Stock Exchange

In May 2025, M. Nagaraju, Secretary of the Department of Financial Services (DFS), Ministry of Finance, officially listed India’s first Mortgage-Backed Pass Through Certificates (PTCs) on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) in Mumbai. These PTCs were structured by RMBS Development Company Limited, also based in Mumbai.

Key Highlights:

• This initiative is designed to boost liquidity in the housing finance market and attract long-term investors.
• The PTCs are backed by housing loans originated by LIC Housing Finance Limited (LIC HFL).
• The issuance involved one lakh certificates, each with a face value of Rs 1 lakh, amounting to a total of Rs 1,000 crore. The issue was fully subscribed, demonstrating strong market interest.
• For the first time in India, the coupon rate of a PTC was discovered through the NSE’s Electronic Book Provider (EBP) platform.
• These PTCs carry a 7.26 percent annual coupon and have a maturity period of approximately 20 years.
• They have received AAA(SO) credit ratings from both CRISIL Limited and CARE Ratings, indicating the highest level of credit safety.
• Issued in dematerialized form, these certificates are transferable and tradable on the secondary market, ensuring investor liquidity.

PM Modi Presents India’s Vision for Space Exploration at GLEX 2025

In May 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the 12th Global Conference on Space Exploration (GLEX 2025) via video conference, outlining India’s future space roadmap and stressing the country’s commitment to collaborative and peaceful space exploration. He emphasized that India’s space journey is rooted in collective progress, not competition.

Key Highlights:

• GLEX 2025 was held from May 7–9, 2025, in New Delhi, organized by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and Astronautical Society of India (ASI).
• PM Modi underlined the significance of India’s Chandrayaan missions:
  • Chandrayaan-1 (2008): Discovered water on the Moon.
  • Chandrayaan-2 (2019): Captured high-resolution lunar images.
  • Chandrayaan-3 (2023): Made India the first country to land near the Moon’s south pole.
• He recalled the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) or Mangalyaan launched in 2014, which made India the first Asian country to reach Mars orbit, and the first in the world to do so on its maiden attempt.
• Looking ahead, PM Modi announced India’s plan to launch its own space station, the Bharatiya Antariksha Station, by 2035.

Banking news

Kotak Mahindra Bank Launches Solitaire Credit Card for High Net Worth Individuals

In May 2025, Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited (KMBL), headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, launched the Kotak Solitaire Credit Card, a premium, invite-only metal card under its Solitaire Program, exclusively for High-Net-Worth Individuals (HNIs).

Key Highlights:

• Eligibility: Offered to Solitaire Program customers with a Total Relationship Value (TRV) of
  • ₹ 75 lakh (savings accounts) or
  • ₹ 1 crore (current accounts)
• Rewards:
  • 10 air miles per ₹100 on flight/hotel bookings via the Kotak Unbox platform
  • 3 air miles per ₹100 on other eligible spends
  • Air miles valid for 3 years, redeemable for flights, hotels, or vouchers
• Travel Benefits:
  • Unlimited lounge access (domestic/international) for primary and add-on cardholders
  • 4 complimentary guest visits annually (2 domestic + 2 international)
  • Zero forex markup on international transactions
  • 1% fuel surcharge waiver for transactions between ₹400 to ₹7,500
    • Maximum waiver: ₹10,000 per card anniversary year
• Annual Fee: ₹ 25,000 + taxes (waived for Solitaire Program members); no joining fee

About Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited (KMBL):

• Founder: Uday Kotak
• MD & CEO: Ashok Vaswani
• Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Established: 1985
• Tagline: Let’s Make Money Simple

Economy news

CKA Birla Group: Rebranding for a Future-Ready Identity

In May 2025, the New Delhi-based CK Birla Group, a 170-year-old conglomerate, officially rebranded itself as ‘The CKA Birla Group’. This marks a strategic shift toward a technology-driven and services-led enterprise, moving beyond its traditional manufacturing base.

• Leadership:
  • Chairman – C.K. Birla
  • Co-Chairman – Amita Birla
• Purpose of Rebranding:
  • Reflects the Group’s transition to future-oriented sectors
  • Highlights commitment to diversity, leadership, and talent development
• Key Companies under the CKA Birla Group:
  • Birlasoft Limited
  • GMMCO Limited
  • National Engineering Industries Limited (NBC Bearings)
  • BirlaNu Limited (formerly HIL Limited)
  • Orient Electric Limited
  • CK Birla Healthcare Private Limited (CK Birla Hospitals, Birla Fertility & IVF)
  • Orient Paper & Industries Limited
  • AVTEC Limited
  • Neosym Industry Limited

NIRL Signs PPA with RVUNL for 810 MW Solar Power Project

Also in May 2025, NLC India Renewables Limited (NIRL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of NLC India Limited, signed a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Limited (RVUNL) for a 810 MW solar project.

• Location:
  • Pugal Solar Park, Bikaner district, Rajasthan
• Project Details:
  • Awarded via competitive tariff-based bidding
  • Developed under Mode 8 of the MNRE’s UMREPP Scheme
• Expected Outcomes:
  • Generate approx. 2 Billion Units (BU) of green electricity annually
  • Offset around 1.5 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) of CO₂ emissions each year
• Note: NLCIL was India’s first Central Public Sector Undertaking (CPSU) to set up 1 GW of renewable energy capacity.

KC Venugopal Reappointed as Chairperson of Public Accounts Committee

In May 2025, K C Venugopal, a senior Indian National Congress (INC) leader, was reappointed as Chairperson of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) of the Parliament of India. The appointment was made by the Lok Sabha Speaker, and his tenure will continue until April 2026, as per the Lok Sabha Secretariat.

• This follows the 1967 convention of appointing the PAC Chairperson from the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha.

About K C Venugopal:

• Current Roles:
  • Chairperson, Public Accounts Committee (PAC)
  • General Secretary (Organisation), All India Congress Committee (AICC)
• Previous Positions:
  • Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha (2020–2024)
  • Union Minister of State for Civil Aviation (2012–2014)
  • Union Minister of State for Power (2011–2012)
  • Member of Legislative Assembly, Kerala (1996–2009)

About the Public Accounts Committee (PAC):

• Established: 1921 (pre-independence), reconstituted in 1950 (post-independence)
• Significance: Ensures accountability in public fund usage by examining CAG audit reports
• Composition: 22 members – 15 from Lok Sabha and 7 from Rajya Sabha
• Primary Role: Reviews compliance with parliamentary financial approvals

Appointment news

Government extends CBI Director Praveen Sood’s tenure by one year

The Government of India has approved a one-year extension of Praveen Sood’s tenure as the Director of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). His current two-year term, which was set to end on 25 May 2025, will now continue for another year.

Key Highlights:

• The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the extension during a meeting on 7 May 2025.
• The decision came after the committee responsible for appointing the next CBI Director failed to reach a consensus in its meeting on 6 May 2025 at the Prime Minister’s Office, New Delhi.
• The meeting was attended by:
  • Rahul Gandhi, Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha
  • Justice Sanjiv Khanna, Chief Justice of India

Appointment Process of CBI Director:

The appointment is governed by the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946, and is decided by a three-member selection committee:

• Prime Minister – Chairperson
• Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha (or leader of the largest party if there is no official LoP)
• Chief Justice of India

Tenure Guidelines:

• The CBI Director is appointed for a minimum term of two years.
• The tenure can be extended by one year at a time, based on the committee’s recommendation.
• The maximum tenure allowed is five years.

About the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI):

• It is the premier investigating agency of the Government of India.
• It primarily investigates corruption cases involving central government employees.
• The CBI assists Lokpal and the Central Vigilance Commission in related investigations.
• It also acts as the nodal agency for Interpol in India.

Science and tech news

Paras Defence and HevenDrones Form Joint Venture to Manufacture Hydrogen-Powered Drones in India

In May 2025, Paras Defence & Space Technologies Limited, headquartered in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Israel-based HevenDrones Limited (a subsidiary of USA-based Heven) to establish a Joint Venture (JV) for the design, manufacturing, and supply of Hydrogen-powered drones—India’s first such initiative.

• The JV supports the Government of India’s Make in India initiative by promoting indigenous development of advanced Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS).

Key Highlights of the JV:

• First-of-its-kind hydrogen-powered drones in India with:
  • Extended flight endurance
  • Modular payload capability
  • Ready-to-fly configurations
• Application Areas:
  • Logistics in remote and border regions
  • Tactical surveillance
  • Defence supply chains
  • High-altitude missions
• Technology Contribution:
  • HevenDrones will provide technology, prototypes, and production manuals.
  • Paras Defence will handle manufacturing, regulatory approvals, sales, and operations in India.
• Governance:
  • The JV Board will include representatives from both companies.
  • CEO, CFO, and COO will be jointly appointed.

Defence news

First Arnala-Class Anti-Submarine Warfare Ship Delivered to Indian Navy

On 8 May 2025, the first Arnala-class Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC) was officially handed over to the Indian Navy at a ceremony held at the L&T Shipyard, Kattupalli, Tamil Nadu.

Key Highlights:

• The Arnala-class ASW SWC was built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata, under a public-private partnership, with 80% indigenous content.
• It is part of a larger Indian initiative to boost anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capability under the Atma Nirbhar Bharat programme.

Project Overview:

• A total of 16 ASW SWC vessels are being built:
  • 8 by GRSE (Arnala-class)
  • 8 by Cochin Shipyard Limited (Mahe-class)
• These vessels are set to replace the ageing Abhay-class corvettes of Soviet origin, inducted in 1989.

Mahe and Arnala-Class Vessels:

• Mahe-class (by Cochin Shipyard): Mahe, Malvan, Mangrol, Malpe, and Mulki have already been delivered.
• Arnala-class (by GRSE): Arnala is the first to be delivered; upcoming ships include Androth, Anjadip, Amini, Agary, and Akshay, currently under construction.
• The class name “Arnala” is inspired by Arnala Fort off the Maharashtra coast.

Features of ASW SWC Vessels:

• Primary Role: Detect and eliminate enemy submarines in shallow coastal waters.
• Secondary Roles:
  • Laying sea mines
  • Supporting low-intensity maritime operations

Armament and Capabilities:

• Equipped with:
  • Lightweight torpedoes
  • Anti-submarine rockets and mines
  • 30mm naval surface gun
  • Two 16.7mm stabilised remote-controlled guns
• Stealth technology and advanced sonar systems enable submarine detection.
• Top speed: 25 knots
• Crew capacity: 57 personnel

State news

Haryana Government Introduces ‘Pandit Lakhmi Chand Kalakar Samajik Samman Yojana’ for Senior Artists and Art Scholars

In May 2025, Haryana Chief Minister Nayab Singh Saini and the state cabinet announced the launch of a new welfare scheme titled “Pandit Lakhmi Chand Kalakar Samajik Samman Yojana” to support senior artists and art scholars in the state.

Scheme Highlights:

• Under this scheme, eligible artists and art scholars will receive a monthly honorarium of Rs. 10,000 as financial support from the government.
• The initiative aims to improve the financial and socio-economic conditions of senior artists who have made significant contributions to various art forms.

Eligibility Criteria:

• The scheme is open to any Haryana resident who has worked or contributed to the field of art for at least 20 years in areas such as singing, acting, drama, painting, or other visual arts.
• Applicants must be 60 years or older, with their age verified through the Parivar Pehchan Patra (PPP), a family identification card in Haryana.
• Income Criteria:
  • If the applicant’s annual income is up to Rs. 1.80 lakh, they will receive Rs. 10,000 per month.
  • If the income is between Rs. 1.80 lakh and Rs. 3 lakh, they will receive Rs. 7,000 per month.

Application Process:

• The application process will be online, and a dedicated committee will evaluate the applications after preliminary verification by the department.
• The final list of eligible beneficiaries will be prepared by this committee.

About Haryana:

• Chief Minister: Nayab Singh Saini
• Governor: Bandaru Dattatraya
• Capital: Chandigarh
• Ramsar Sites: Sultanpur National Park, Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary

Maharashtra Government Launches ‘Adishakti Abhiyan’ for Women Empowerment with Rs. 10.50 Crore Allocation

On May 7, 2025, the Maharashtra state cabinet, led by Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis, approved the launch of the ‘Adishakti Abhiyan’, a state-wide campaign aimed at enhancing women empowerment at the grassroots level. The initiative comes with a budget of Rs. 10.50 crores.

Key Highlights:

• The campaign was launched at a special cabinet meeting in Choundi, Maharashtra, the birthplace of Ahilyabai Holkar, the legendary 18th-century queen of the Holkar dynasty. The meeting commemorated the 300th birth anniversary of Ahilyabai Holkar and was the first cabinet meeting held outside Mumbai.
• Maharashtra CM Devendra Fadnavis released a commemorative postage stamp and a special logo in honor of Ahilyabai Holkar’s 300th birth anniversary.

Announced Welfare Projects:

• As part of a targeted welfare approach, CM Fadnavis announced several infrastructure projects for the Dhangar community youth:
  • Construction of hostels for both boys and girls in Pune and Nasik.
  • Establishment of a separate Industrial Training Institute (ITI) in Ahilya Nagar dedicated to girls, aimed at providing vocational training and skill development.
• The Maharashtra government also decided to rename the Ahmednagar district in honor of Ahilya Devi Holkar.
• Rs. 681 crore has been allocated for the preservation of Ahilyabai’s memorial in Choundi, and a new medical college will be named Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Government Medical College.

Sports news

Rohit Sharma Announces Retirement from Test Cricket

On May 7, 2025, Indian cricketer Rohit Sharma, at the age of 38, announced his retirement from Test cricket with immediate effect. The decision comes after a series of underwhelming performances, despite leading the Indian Test team since February 2022. He will continue to represent India in One Day Internationals (ODIs).

Key Career Highlights:

Test Cricket Achievements:

• Debut: 2013, scoring 177 runs against West Indies at Eden Gardens, Kolkata, the second-highest debut score by an Indian.
• Played 67 Test matches, scoring 4,301 runs at an average of 40.57, with 12 centuries and 18 fifties. His highest score was 212 runs against South Africa in 2019.
• Captaincy: Led India in 24 Test matches, winning 12.

ODI Achievements and Records:

• Holds the world record for the highest individual score in an ODI with 264 runs against Sri Lanka in 2014, along with three double centuries.
• Led India to victory in the 2024 ICC Men’s T20 World Cup and the 2025 ICC Champions Trophy, announcing his retirement from T20 Internationals (T20Is) after winning the 2024 T20 World Cup.
• Ranked 3rd in the ICC Men’s ODI Batting Rankings as of May 2025.

Awards and Honors:

• 2015: Awarded the Arjuna Award, India’s second-highest sporting honor.
• 2020: Conferred with the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award, the highest sporting honor in India.

Additional Information:

• Since 2018, Rohit Sharma has served as the brand ambassador of WWF India’s Rhino Conservation.

About ICC:

• Chairman: Jay Shah (India)
• CEO: Geoff Allardice
• Headquarters: Dubai, UAE
• Founded: 1909

China Clinches 14th Title at BWF Sudirman Cup 2025

In May 2025, the People’s Republic of China secured its 14th BWF Sudirman Cup title and achieved a record fourth consecutive victory, defeating South Korea 3-1 in the final of the 19th edition of the BWF Sudirman Cup mixed-team championship.

Championship Details:

• Dates: The event was held from April 27 to May 4, 2025, at the Fenghuang Gymnasium in Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
• Third place: Japan secured the third position.

Key Match Highlights:

• Mixed Doubles: Feng Yanzhe/Huang Dongping (China) defeated Seo Seung-jae/Chae Yu-jung (South Korea).
• Women’s Singles: An Se-young (South Korea) defeated Wang Zhiyi (China) with scores of 21-17, 21-16.
• Men’s Singles: Shi Yuqi (China) overwhelmed Jeon Hyeok-jin (South Korea) with scores of 21-5, 21-5.
• Women’s Doubles: Liu Shengshu/Tan Ning (China) sealed the title with a 21-14, 21-18 win over Baek Ha-na/Lee So-hee (South Korea).
• Men’s Doubles: This match was not played, as China secured victory after four matches.

India’s Performance:

• India faced defeats against Denmark and Indonesia, but won against England with a 3-2 scoreline.
• Despite the victory, India did not advance to the quarter-finals, finishing 9th among the 16 participating teams.

About the Sudirman Cup:

• Established: 1989, named in honor of Dick Sudirman, the founder and former president of the Badminton Association of Indonesia.
• Held biennially, it is one of the premier mixed-team events in badminton, alongside the Thomas Cup (men’s team) and the Uber Cup (women’s team).
• Title winners: China (14 titles), South Korea (4 titles), and Indonesia (1 title).

About the Badminton World Federation (BWF):

• President: Poul-Erik Høyer Larsen
• Headquarters: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• Established: 1934

Important days

World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day 2025 – May 8

World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day is observed annually on May 8 to honor the humanitarian efforts and principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.

Core Principles:

The movement operates under seven core principles:

• Humanity
• Neutrality
• Impartiality
• Independence
• Voluntary service
• Unity
• Universality

Theme for 2025:

The theme for World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day 2025 is “Keeping Humanity Alive.”

Historical Significance:

• The day commemorates the birth anniversary of Henry Dunant, the founder of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
• The first International Red Cross Day was celebrated on May 8, 1948.

About the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC):

• President: Kate Forbes
• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Founded: 1919

World Thalassaemia Day 2025 – May 8

International Thalassaemia Day (ITD), also known as World Thalassaemia Day, is observed annually on May 8 to raise awareness about Thalassaemia, a genetic blood disorder that reduces the body’s haemoglobin levels. The day celebrates the global thalassaemia community, advocates for equitable healthcare access, and acknowledges the challenges faced by individuals with the condition.

Theme and Slogan:

• Theme of ITD 2025: “Together for Thalassaemia: Uniting Communities, Prioritizing Patients” – The theme emphasizes the importance of a people-centered and inclusive approach to care, putting the patient at the core of all efforts.
• Slogans for ITD 2025: “WeAre1” and “PatientsFirst“.

Background:

• The Thalassaemia International Federation (TIF) initiated May 8 as International Thalassaemia Day.
• Panos Englezos, the president and founder of TIF, established the inaugural World Thalassaemia Day on May 8, 1994, in memory of his son George Englezos, who passed away from thalassaemia.

About Thalassaemia:

• Thalassaemia is a genetic disorder affecting haemoglobin, which is essential for oxygen transport in red blood cells.
• Individuals may suffer from anemia, leading to symptoms like fatigue, breathlessness, and paleness.
• Thalassaemia is inherited through mutated haemoglobin genes passed from parents to children.

Types of Thalassaemia:

1. Alpha Thalassaemia: Caused by mutations in the gene controlling the production of alpha globin.
2. Beta Thalassaemia: A more severe form, resulting from defects in the gene that produces beta-globin.

Associated Health Issues:

Thalassaemia can lead to complications such as damage to the heart, liver, lungs, and endocrine organs due to iron accumulation from anemia. Patients may also face mental and societal challenges.

About Thalassaemia International Federation (TIF):

• President: Panos Englezos
• Headquarters: Nicosia, Cyprus
• Established: 1986