Month: January 2025

We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 22nd January 2025 current affairs curated from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs of 22nd January 2025 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation.

Edusprint Youtube Channel : Edusprint Academy

National news

GOI Launches ‘Entity Locker’ For Efficient Business Document Management

Entity Locker is a secure, cloud-based digital platform developed by the National eGovernance Division (NeGD) under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). It streamlines the management and verification of business documents, ensuring efficient and secure digital governance.

Key Features:

Integration with Government Systems:

Seamlessly connected to MCA, GSTN, and DGFT for instant document access and reduced delays.

• Consent-Based Sharing: Secure and transparent sharing of information with stakeholders through a consent mechanism.
• Role-Based Access: Aadhaar-authenticated access ensures only authorized personnel can view documents.
• Digital Signatures: Legally valid digital signatures ensure compliance and authenticity of documents.
• Secure Cloud Storag: Provides 10 GB encrypted storage to protect sensitive information.
• Alignment with Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI): Part of India’s DPI initiative, aligned with the Union Budget 2024-25 goals of digital governance and ease of doing business.

Flamingo Festival 2025 Concludes in Andhra Pradesh

The Flamingo Festival 2025 in Andhra Pradesh concluded on January 20, 2025, marking a successful revival of the event after a period of dormancy. The festival, held across key locations like Pulicat Lake and the Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary, attracted numerous visitors, particularly bird watchers, photographers, and nature enthusiasts.

Key Highlights of Flamingo Festival 2025:

Event Overview:

Duration: Three days.

Key Locations:

• Pulicat Lake: A significant stopover for migratory birds, including flamingos.
• Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary: Known for its rich birdlife, including flamingo populations.
• Target Audience: Local tourists from Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, as well as nature lovers and bird watchers from across India.

Objectives of the Festival:

• Celebrate Flamingo Biodiversity: Focus on the avian species, particularly flamingos, that flock to the region.
• Raise Environmental Awareness: Highlight the ecological importance of Pulicat Lake and Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary.
• Discuss the environmental challenges faced by these ecosystems, such as pollution and habitat degradation.

Government Support:

Ministers’ Participation: Anam Ramanarayana Reddy and Anagani Satya Prasad expressed their gratitude to Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu for reviving the festival, emphasizing the importance of preserving the region’s rich biodiversity.

Conclusion: The Flamingo Festival 2025 was hailed as a major success, drawing attention to the vital need for conservation efforts in these unique ecosystems. It underscored the region’s significance as a sanctuary for migratory birds, especially flamingos, and helped further the cause of environmental protection through public engagement and awareness.

Economy news

Indian Economy Projected to Grow at 7% in FY25: Moody’s Revises Forecast

Moody’s has revised India’s GDP growth forecast for the fiscal year 2024-2025 to 7%, a decrease from the 8.2% growth recorded in the previous fiscal year. This downgrade reflects a combination of domestic and global economic factors, including a slowdown in key sectors and external challenges.

Key Points of Moody’s Economic Growth Forecast:

Revised Growth Outlook:

• New Forecast: 7% growth for FY 2024-2025.
• Previous Year: 8.2% growth in FY 2023-2024.

The downgrade is attributed to a mix of factors, including:

• Global economic slowdown.
• Domestic challenges in key sectors.
• Geopolitical tensions affecting trade and investment.
• Inflationary pressures impacting both production and consumption.

Key Factors Behind the Downgrade:

Global Economic Conditions:

• Slower global demand.
• Continued uncertainty due to geopolitical tensions.

Domestic Economic Performance: Weaker-than-expected performance in critical sectors such as manufacturing and agriculture.

Positive Indicators: Despite the overall downgrade, Moody’s highlighted the improvement in India’s GDP per capita:

GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP): Increased by 11% year-on-year.

FY 2023 GDP per capita (PPP): $10,233.

This growth in per capita income signifies a positive improvement in the standard of living.

International news

Donald Trump Sworn in as 47th President of the United States

Donald Trump was inaugurated as the 47th President of the United States on January 20, 2025, marking his return to office after a four-year hiatus. This event solidifies his place in history as one of the most notable political comebacks, making him the second president after Grover Cleveland (1893) to serve non-consecutive terms. At 78 years old, Trump replaces Joe Biden as the oldest U.S. president at inauguration.

Inauguration Ceremony:

• Held indoors at the Capitol Rotunda due to extreme cold, marking the coldest inauguration day in 40 years.
• Mirrored Ronald Reagan’s 1985 indoor inauguration caused by similar weather conditions.

Significance of the Event:

• Trump’s team hailed his return as the beginning of the “Golden Age of America.”
• His deputy, JD Vance, was also sworn in during the ceremony.

China Unveils World’s Longest Tunnel, Enhances BRI Connectivity

China has completed the construction of the Tianshan Shengli Tunnel, the world’s longest expressway tunnel, marking a significant advancement in infrastructure development and enhancing connectivity within the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Key Highlights

Tunnel Specifications:

• Length: 22.13 kilometers, the longest expressway tunnel globally.
• Route: Integral to the Urumqi-Yuli Expressway, linking Urumqi in northern Xinjiang to Yuli County in the south.
• Impact: Reduces travel through the Tianshan Mountains from three hours to 20 minutes.

Construction Challenges:

• Terrain: High altitudes exceeding 3,000 meters with complex geological conditions.
• Innovation: First-time use of tunnel boring machines in China’s road projects to overcome challenges and expedite work.
• Environmental Sensitivity: Located near the Tianshan No. 1 Glacier and Urumqi’s water source protection area, necessitating ecological safeguards.

Banking news

RBI Constitutes New Advisory Committee for Bank Licensing

On January 20, 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) established a new Standing External Advisory Committee (SEAC) to evaluate applications for Universal Banks and Small Finance Banks (SFBs). The committee, chaired by M. K. Jain, former Deputy Governor of the RBI, is set to play a pivotal role in maintaining the integrity and transparency of India’s banking sector.

Committee Composition and Tenure:

The SEAC is comprised of the following five members:

• M. K. Jain – Chairperson and former Deputy Governor, RBI.
• Revathy Iyer – Director, Central Board, RBI.
• Parvathy V. Sundaram – Former Executive Director, RBI.
• Hemant G. Contractor – Former Managing Director, State Bank of India and former Chairman, Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority.
• N. S. Kannan – Former Managing Director and CEO, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance.

Tenure: The committee’s tenure is three years, with secretarial support provided by the RBI’s Department of Regulation.

Background and Evolution: The creation of this committee follows the precedent set in March 2021, when a similar committee was led by Shyamala Gopinath, former RBI Deputy Governor. The SEAC’s primary function is to evaluate applications for Universal Banks and SFBs, ensuring that applicants meet regulatory criteria.

Noteworthy Exemption: Existing SFBs seeking Universal Bank licenses may bypass this vetting process, as their credentials were previously assessed during their initial licensing.

Current Applications Under Review:

The RBI is currently reviewing the following applications:

• Annapurna Finance: Seeking a Universal Bank license.
• AU Small Finance Bank (AU SFB): Applied for a Universal Bank license.
• Fino Payments Bank: Applied for an SFB license.
• VFS Capital: Applied for an SFB license.

RBI Directs Banks to Use ‘1600xx’ Number Series for Transactional Calls

In a move to combat financial fraud, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has mandated that banks and other regulated entities (REs) utilize the ‘1600xx’ numbering series exclusively for transactional calls to customers. For promotional communications, the ‘140xx’ series should be employed. This directive aims to enhance the security of digital transactions and protect customers from fraudulent activities.

Key Directives from the RBI:

Utilization of Specific Number Series:

• Transactional Calls: Banks and REs must use the ‘1600xx’ series exclusively for transactional calls to customers.
• Promotional Calls: The ‘140xx’ series must be used for promotional communications.
• Purpose: This differentiation helps distinguish between legitimate transactional communications and promotional messages, reducing the risk of fraud.

Monitoring and Cleaning Customer Databases:

Financial institutions must actively monitor and update their customer databases to ensure the accuracy of contact details.

Mobile Number Revocation List (MNRL): Institutions must use the Digital Intelligence Platform (DIP), developed by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), to identify and remove invalid or revoked numbers from their databases.

Development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs):

• Banks are encouraged to develop SOPs for updating registered mobile numbers after proper verification.
• Institutions should also enhance the monitoring of accounts linked to revoked numbers to prevent misuse.

Compliance Deadline:

• Deadline for Compliance: All regulated entities must adhere to these directives by March 31, 2025.
• Urgency: The timeline emphasizes the need for swift implementation to protect customers from financial fraud.

Contextual Background:

• Rising Fraud Risks: With the increasing use of digital transactions, there has been a rise in financial fraud, with scammers using mobile numbers for unauthorized activities.
• RBI’s Objective: The measures aim to strengthen the security of digital financial services, ensuring better protection against emerging fraud risks and safeguarding consumer interests.

RBI Releases 2024-25 List of Non-Banking Finance Companies (NBFCs) in Upper Layer (UL) under Scale Based Regulation (SBR)

In January 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released its 2024-25 list of Non-Banking Finance Companies (NBFCs) in the Upper Layer (UL) segment under the Scale Based Regulation (SBR) framework. The list includes 15 companies and reflects ongoing regulatory adjustments within the financial sector.

Key Highlights:

Tata Sons Private Limited: Despite Tata Sons’ request to de-register as an NBFC, RBI has retained it in the Upper Layer segment, and the matter is currently under examination.

List of Included Companies:

The updated list comprises prominent companies such as:

• Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) Housing Finance Limited (HFL)
• Bajaj Finance Limited (BFL)
• Shriram Finance Limited (SFL)

Muthoot Finance Limited (MFIN): Muthoot Finance, a key player in the gold loan segment, has been retained in the UL list for the third consecutive year, marking its continued prominence in the sector.

Piramal Enterprise Limited (PEL): PEL was included in the UL list based on its scoring but has been eliminated for 2024-25 due to ongoing reorganization within the business group.

Conclusion: The RBI’s Upper Layer list for 2024-25 highlights the ongoing adjustments and growth within the NBFC sector. The inclusion and exclusion of companies, particularly the retention of Muthoot Finance and the elimination of Piramal Enterprise, underscore the evolving regulatory landscape that seeks to strengthen and streamline the financial system.

RBI:

• Founded: 1 April 1935, Kolkata
• Headquarters: Mumbai
• Governor: Sanjay Malhotra

IDFC FIRST Bank Launches ‘FIRST EARN RuPay Credit Card’ in Partnership with NPCI

On January 20, 2025, IDFC FIRST Bank Limited, in collaboration with the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), launched the ‘FIRST EARN RuPay Credit Card’. This card is integrated with the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and aims to offer a seamless and rewarding payment experience for users, backed by an innovative partnership with RuPay, India’s global card payment network.

About the FIRST EARN RuPay Credit Card:

Key Features:

Fixed Deposit Backing:

• The card is backed by a Fixed Deposit (FD), making it instantly available online to everyone.
• Cashback on UPI Payments is available as an added benefit.

Credit Access and Rewards: Users can access credit on UPI and earn rewards, while simultaneously enjoying attractive interest on FD.

Eligibility Criteria:

• Must be an Indian citizen.
• Minimum age of 18 years.
• Have a minimum FD of Rs. 5,000 with IDFC FIRST Bank.

Features & Benefits:

• Seamless UPI Integration: Use the card for UPI transactions at over 60 million QR code locations.
• Instant Card Issuance: Virtual credit card available instantly with seamless UPI integration for immediate use.
• Cashback Offer: 100% cashback on the first UPI transaction (up to Rs. 500) within the first 15 days, effectively refunding the first year’s fees.

Rewards Program:

• Up to 1% cashback on UPI transactions via the IDFC FIRST Bank app.
• 0.5% cashback on transactions via other UPI apps, as well as on insurance, utility bill payments, and e-commerce purchases.

Interest on Fixed Deposit: Earn 7.25% p.a. interest on a 1-year, 1-day FD.

Comprehensive Protection:

• Complimentary roadside assistance valued at Rs. 1,399.
• Lost card liability coverage up to Rs. 25,000.
• Personal accident coverage up to Rs. 2,00,000.

IDFC:

• Headquarters: Mumbai
• Founded: October 2015
• CEO: V. Vaidyanathan (19 Dec 2018–)

Ranks and report news

India’s Coffee Journey: From Roots to Global Reach; World’s 7th Largest Coffee Producer

India has achieved a significant milestone by becoming the seventh-largest coffee producer globally, with exports reaching $1.29 billion in the fiscal year 2023-24, nearly doubling from $719.42 million in 2020-21. This growth reflects India’s increasing presence and influence in the global coffee market.

Historical Roots and Evolution:

Introduction of Coffee to India: Coffee was introduced to India in the 1600s by Sufi saint Baba Budan, who brought seven Mocha seeds to the hills of Karnataka. This act marked the beginning of coffee cultivation in India, which has since evolved into a vital agricultural industry.

Current Production and Export Landscape:

Production Volume: India primarily produces Arabica and Robusta coffee beans, with about three-fourths of the total production consisting of these two varieties.

Export Trends:

• In the first half of January 2025, India exported over 9,300 tonnes of coffee. Key buyers include Italy, Belgium, and Russia.
• Export Growth: The export value surged due to growing global demand for India’s distinctive coffee flavors, contributing to its enhanced global market share.

Regional Production Insights:

Coffee Cultivation Areas: India’s coffee is mainly grown in the ecologically rich Western and Eastern Ghats, regions known for their biodiversity and shaded coffee plantations.

Top Producing States:

• Karnataka leads in production, contributing 248,020 metric tonnes in 2022-23.
• Kerala and Tamil Nadu follow, both contributing significantly to India’s coffee output.

These regions not only support coffee farming but also contribute to environmental preservation, maintaining the ecological balance of these biodiversity hotspots.

World’s Largest Coffee Producers (Ranked):

• Brazil – Leading the global coffee market, contributing 37% of global coffee supply.
• Vietnam – Known primarily for its Robusta coffee.
• Colombia – A major producer of Arabica coffee.
• Indonesia – Specializes in Robusta and specialty coffees.
• Honduras – A leading coffee producer in Central America.
• Mexico – A significant exporter of Arabica coffee.
• India – Growing both Arabica and Robusta beans, now ranked seventh globally.

GlobalData Report: Top 25 Global Banks by Market Capitalization in Q4 2024

In January 2025, GlobalData Plc, a London-based data analytics and research company, released its report on the Top 25 Global Banks by Market Capitalization (MCap) for the fourth quarter (Q4) of 2024. According to the report, JPMorgan Chase & Co, based in New York, USA, remains the world’s largest bank by market capitalization, recording a significant 37.2% increase in its market value, which reached USD 674.9 billion by the end of Q4 2024, up from USD 492.2 billion in Q4 2023.

Key Highlights from the Report:

JPMorgan Chase & Co (USA):

• Market Cap (Q4 2024): USD 674.9 billion
• Growth: +37.2% increase from Q4 2023, maintaining its position as the world’s largest bank by market capitalization.

Bank of America Corporation (USA): Ranked 2nd with a market cap of USD 337.2 billion.

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) (China): Ranked 3rd with a market cap of USD 328.2 billion.

India’s Banks Performance:

• HDFC Bank: Dropped from 7th to 13th position compared to Q4 2023.
• ICICI Bank: Moved up from 20th to 19th position.

State Bank of India (SBI): Retained its 24th position.

About GlobalData Plc:

• CEO: Mike Danson
• Headquarters: London, United Kingdom (UK)
• Founded: 1999

Appointment news

Sanjiv Ranjan Appointed as Secretary General of Indian Ocean Rim Association

the Ministry of External Affairs announced the appointment of Shri Sanjiv Ranjan as the next Secretary General of the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA). Shri Ranjan, a seasoned diplomat from the 1993 batch of the Indian Foreign Service, will soon assume his new role.

About the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA):

IORA Membership: IORA is a regional organization consisting of 23 member states that border the Indian Ocean, including key countries like India, Australia, Indonesia, and South Africa.

Primary Objectives:

The association’s focus is to promote:

• Economic Cooperation
• Sustainable Development
• Regional Security among Indian Ocean Rim countries.

Dialogue Partners:

IORA also has 12 dialogue partners, which include global players such as:

• China
• European Union
• United States

Global Recognition: In 2015, IORA was granted observer status at both the United Nations General Assembly and the African Union, marking its growing influence in regional and international affairs.

Defence news

INS Mumbai Joins La Perouse 2025

The Indian Navy’s guided-missile destroyer, INS Mumbai, is taking part in the fourth edition of Exercise La Perouse, a multinational naval exercise that began on January 16, 2025. The exercise is held in the strategically significant Malacca, Sunda, and Lombok straits, critical corridors for global trade.

Key Objectives and Participants

Objectives of La Perouse 2025:

• Enhance maritime situational awareness.
• Promote interoperability and cooperation among navies.

Focus on activities such as:

• Maritime surveillance.
• Interdiction operations.
• Air operations.

Participating Nations:

• India (INS Mumbai)
• Australia (Royal Australian Navy)
• France (French Navy)
• United Kingdom (Royal Navy)
• United States (United States Navy)
• Indonesia (Indonesian Navy)
• Malaysia (Royal Malaysian Navy)
• Singapore (Republic of Singapore Navy)
• Canada (Royal Canadian Navy)

INS Mumbai’s Role and Strategic Significance

INS Mumbai:

• An indigenously designed and built guided-missile destroyer.
• Participates in surface warfare, anti-air warfare, air defense, and Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure (VBSS) operations.

Strategic Importance:

• Showcases India’s commitment to a rules-based international order in the Indo-Pacific.
• Aligns with India’s SAGAR initiative (Security and Growth for All in the Region), emphasizing regional maritime security and cooperation.

Historical Context of La Perouse

• La Perouse Exercise: Biennial event since 2021.
• Previous editions have fostered stronger naval ties and showcased the importance of multilateral exercises in the Indo-Pacific region, reflecting the growing need for maritime collaboration in this critical area.

Sports news

Jannik Sinner and Iga Świątek Named ITF World Champions 2024

On January 21, 2025, the International Tennis Federation (ITF) announced Jannik Sinner (Italy) as the Men’s ITF World Champion 2024 and Iga Natalia Świątek (Poland) as the Women’s ITF World Champion 2024. Both players were recognized for their outstanding performances in major tournaments, including Grand Slams, the Davis Cup, the Billie Jean King Cup, the Olympic Games, and other premier events.

Key Highlights:

Jannik Sinner (Italy):

• Men’s ITF World Champion 2024
• Historic Achievement: Becomes the first Italian player to receive this prestigious award.

Iga Natalia Świątek (Poland):

• Women’s ITF World Champion 2024
• Awarded for the second time, after previously winning the honor in 2022.

Men’s Doubles Champions: Marcelo Arévalo González (El Salvador) & Mate Pavic (Croatia).

Women’s Doubles Champions: Sara Errani & Jasmine Paolini (Italy).

About the International Tennis Federation (ITF):

• President & CEO: David Haggerty
• Headquarters: London, United Kingdom (UK)
• Established: 1913

India Wins Both Titles at the Kho Kho World Cup 2025

The Indian men’s and women’s teams won the Kho Kho World Cup 2025 titles in their respective finals of the 1st edition of the Kho Kho World Cup 2025 held from January 13 to 19, 2025 at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium in New Delhi, Delhi.

• The Indian men’s Kho Kho team beat Nepal by 54-36 while the women’s team defeated the Nepalese team by 78-40 in the finals.
• The Indian men’s team was captained by Pratik Waikar while the Women’s team was captained by Priyanka Ingle.

Final Match Results:

• Men’s Final: India defeated Nepal by 54-36.
• Women’s Final: India won against Nepal by 78-40.

Both Indian teams were captained by:

• Men’s team captain: Pratik Waikar
• Women’s team captain: Priyanka Ingle

Key Highlights:

Indian Men’s Team:

• Unbeaten throughout the tournament.
• Topped Group A with four wins.
• Defeated Sri Lanka in the quarter-finals and South Africa in the semi-finals.

Indian Women’s Team:

• Unbeaten throughout the tournament.
• Won all three Group A matches.
• Defeated Bangladesh in the quarter-finals and South Africa in the semi-finals.

About Kho Kho World Cup 2025:

Organizers:

• Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI)
• International Kho Kho Federation (IKKF)
• Support: Backed by the Indian Olympic Association (IOA).

Participating Teams:

• Men’s teams: 20 teams
• Women’s teams: 19 teams

Tournament Format: Round-robin format in the group stage, with top teams advancing to knockout rounds and finals.

Groupings:

• Men’s Group A: India, Nepal, Peru, Brazil, Bhutan
• Women’s Group A: India, Islamic Republic of Iran, Malaysia, Republic of Korea
• Upcoming Tournament: The second edition will take place in Birmingham, England in 2026-27.

About Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI):

• President: Sudhansu Mittal
• Headquarters: New Delhi, Delhi
• Established: 1955

Important days

Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura Celebrate Statehood Day 2025

Statehood Day, observed annually on January 21, marks the historic milestone when Manipur, Meghalaya, and Tripura attained full statehood under the North Eastern Region (Reorganization) Act of 1971. This day celebrates their cultural richness, historical significance, and contributions to India’s identity.

The Northeastern Region: A Land of Diversity

The Seven Sisters—Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura—are known for their:

• Natural Beauty: Lush hills, plains, dense forests, and biodiversity.
• Cultural Richness: Unique traditions, languages, and ethnic diversity.
• Heritage Contribution: Integral to India’s cultural and national identity.

Historical Journey to Statehood

1. Manipur: The Jewel of India

• Historical Background: A princely state under Maharaja Bodhachandra Singh.
• Merged with India in 1949 via the Instrument of Accession and Merger Agreement.
• Transitioned to full statehood on January 21, 1972.

2. Meghalaya: The Abode of Clouds

• Path to Statehood: Formed as an autonomous state within Assam in 1970.
• Achieved statehood on January 21, 1972, recognizing its distinct cultural identity.
• Key Features: Khasi, Jaintia, and Garo communities play a vital role in preserving Meghalaya’s unique cultural and linguistic heritage.

3. Tripura: A Blend of Tribal and Non-Tribal Cultures

• Historical Integration: Former princely state merged with India in 1949 under Queen Kanchan Prabha’s regency.
• Became a full-fledged state on January 21, 1972.
• Cultural Fusion: Celebrates a harmonious blend of tribal and non-tribal traditions.

We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 21st January 2025 current affairs curated from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs of 21st January 2025 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation.

Edusprint Youtube Channel : Edusprint Academy

National news

Launch of 9th Edition of Swachh Survekshan (SS) 2025

In January 2025, Union Minister Manohar Lal Khattar, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MOHUA) launched the toolkit for 9th edition of Swachh Survekshan (SS), the world’s largest urban cleanliness survey, in its new version- simpler, sharper, systematic and all- inclusive.

Key Highlights

Introduction of Super Swachh League (SSL):

A special category for 2024, recognizing cities excelling in cleanliness.

Population-Based Classification:

Cities are divided into five categories:

• Very Small
• Small
• Medium
• Big
• Medium-Plus

Evaluation based on population and customized parameters.

Timeline

Field Assessment Phase:

• Starts on February 15, 2025.
• Ends by March 2025.

About MoHUA

• Union Minister: Manohar Lal Khattar (Constituency: Karnal, Haryana).
• Minister of State (MoS): Tokhan Sahu (Constituency: Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh).
• Swachh Survekshan 2025 underscores India’s commitment to urban cleanliness through innovation, inclusivity, and citizen engagement.

India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) Advances Semiconductor Manufacturing

In January 2025, the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM), Mumbai(Maharashtra) based CG Power and Industrial Solutions Limited (also known as Crompton Greaves Limited), and Ahmedabad, (Gujarat) based CG Semi Private Limited (CSPL) signed a Fiscal Support Agreement (FSA) to advance India’s semiconductor manufacturing ecosystem.

The agreement supports CG Power’s Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) facility, which was approved under the Modified Programme for Development of Semiconductor and Display Manufacturing Ecosystem.

Fiscal Support Agreement (FSA)

Signed by:

• India Semiconductor Mission (ISM).
• CG Power and Industrial Solutions Limited (Mumbai).
• CG Semi Private Limited (Ahmedabad).

Purpose: To strengthen India’s semiconductor manufacturing ecosystem under the Modified Programme for Development of Semiconductor and Display Manufacturing Ecosystem.

Key Project Details

• Location: Sanand, Gujarat.
• Facility: Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) unit.
• Partners: Renesas Electronics America Inc. and Stars Microelectronics (Thailand) Public Company Limited.
• Investment: ₹7,600 crore.
• Fiscal Support: ISM will provide 50% fiscal support for eligible CAPEX.

 Contribution to Electronics Production: CG Power’s efforts align with India’s target of achieving USD 500 billion worth of electronics production by 2030.

About India Semiconductor Mission (ISM)

• Launch Year: 2021.
• Financial Outlay: ₹76,000 crore.
• Under: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
• Objective: To provide financial incentives for semiconductor, display manufacturing, and design ecosystems.

 ISM Schemes

• Modified Scheme for Semiconductor Fabs.
• Modified Scheme for Display Fabs.
• Modified Scheme for Compound Semiconductors, Sensors, and ATMP/OSAT Facilities.
• Design Linked Incentive (DLI) Scheme.

Musi River’s Historic Buildings on 2025 World Monuments Watch

The Musi River Historic Buildings in Hyderabad have been included on the prestigious 2025 World Monuments Watch list, an initiative by the New York-based World Monuments Fund (WMF). The selection of these buildings highlights the urgent need for their preservation amidst ongoing environmental challenges, including the degradation of the Musi River and rapid urban development in the city. This recognition comes at a critical juncture when the Telangana government is actively working to rejuvenate the river and its heritage structures, combining efforts for both heritage conservation and environmental sustainability. Below are key details about this initiative.

Recognition:

• Historic buildings along Hyderabad’s Musi River were included in the 2025 World Monuments Watch list by the New York-based World Monuments Fund (WMF) on January 15, 2025.
• The site is among 25 globally selected locations, emphasizing preservation amidst environmental and human-made challenges.

Heritage Structures:

Notable buildings include:

• Telangana High Court
• State Central Library
• Osmania General Hospital

British Residency (part of Koti Women’s College).

• Environmental Challenges: The Musi River faces pollution and ecological degradation, threatening historic landmarks and the surrounding environment.
• Government Initiatives: The Telangana government is rejuvenating the river through the Musi Riverfront Development Corporation Limited (MRDCL).

Restoration projects have begun for the State Central Library and British Residency.

WMF Advocacy:

• The WMF is promoting site preservation, focusing on environmental conservation, climate adaptation, and heritage reactivation.
• They allocated $2 million for preservation efforts in partnership with local stakeholders.

Community Engagement: Plans to involve private sector firms aim to boost tourism and enable adaptive reuse of historic structures.

Future Strategies: Over the next two years, WMF will help develop preservation strategies, advocacy plans, and fundraising efforts to protect these landmarks.

Musi River Details:

• Source: Anantagiri Hills near Vicarabad, Telangana.
• Tributary: Krishna River.
• Dams: Himayat Sagar and Osman Sagar.
• Impact on Hyderabad: Divides the city into old and new parts.

First ‘Mann Ki Baat’ of 2025 by PM Modi

The first ‘Mann Ki Baat’ of 2025 was conducted by the Prime Minister on January 20, a week earlier than usual, to accommodate the Republic Day celebrations on January 26. This special broadcast marked the 75th anniversary of the Indian Republic and included discussions on the Constitution, democracy, cultural traditions, advancements in space technology, and human-animal harmony.

Key Takeaways From Mann Ki Baat:

Special Date for the Broadcast

• Aired on January 20, 2025, a week earlier to accommodate Republic Day celebrations.
• Focused on India’s democratic journey and cultural heritage.

75th Republic Day Observance

Celebrated 75 years since the Indian Constitution came into effect.

Excerpts from speeches by visionaries like:

• B.R. Ambedkar: Unity and cooperation amidst diversity.
• Dr. Rajendra Prasad: Emphasis on peace, truth, and non-violence.
• Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee: Advocated equality and inclusivity.

3. National Voters’ Day – January 25

• Acknowledged the Election Commission of India’s establishment in 1950.
• Highlighted modernized electoral processes and encouraged voter participation.

4. Strength of Indian Democracy

• Reflected on skepticism during the 1951-52 elections and India’s success as the “Mother of Democracy.”
• Praised democratic principles for strengthening governance.

5. Call to Action

• Urged citizens to honor the Constitution makers by contributing to India’s development.
• Encouraged maximum voter turnout in elections.

6. Kumbh Mela and Indian Traditions

• Maha Kumbh commenced in Prayagraj, showcasing unity in diversity.
• Promoted equality and harmony through rituals and cultural traditions.

Highlighted the global recognition of Indian festivals.

7. Ganga Sagar Mela

• Celebrated on Makar Sankranti, drawing lakhs of devotees.
• Emphasized festivals’ roles in promoting social harmony and spiritual empowerment.

8. Ram Lalla Pran Pratishtha Anniversary

• Marked the first anniversary of Ram Lalla’s Pran Pratishtha.
• Stressed preserving cultural heritage while advancing development.
• This broadcast celebrated India’s Constitution, democratic achievements, and rich cultural heritage while calling for active citizen participation in nation-building.

PM Distributes 6.5 Million SVAMITVA Property Cards

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, during a virtual event on Saturday, highlighted the importance of providing property ownership records to rural populations. The distribution of over 6.5 million property cards under the SVAMITVA scheme is a key step in ensuring legal ownership for families in rural areas. Modi emphasized that addressing property documentation issues is crucial for empowering villagers, boosting their economic activities, and unlocking substantial capital. The scheme uses advanced drone technology to survey rural areas and provide legal property documents, benefiting millions of families.

• Government Commitment PM Modi emphasized the importance of providing property ownership records to rural populations to address poverty, boost economic activities, and empower villagers.
• SVAMITVA Scheme Overview: Launched in 2020, the scheme uses drone-based surveys to issue property cards as legal documents, improving property rights in villages.
• Milestone Achievement: 6.5 million property cards distributed to beneficiaries across 12 states and Union territories. Benefited over 65 lakh families (approx. 2.25 crore individuals).
• Impact on Rural Communities: Property cards enable villagers to access bank loans for starting small businesses. Significant benefits observed among Dalit, backward, and tribal families, reducing encroachments and disputes.
• Economic Growth Potential: PM Modi estimated that full implementation of the scheme could unlock over ₹100 lakh crore in economic activities, boosting India’s economy.
• Global Relevance: Modi referenced a UN study linking the lack of property documents to poverty, highlighting the scheme’s role in integrating rural economies with India’s national economy.
• Technological Innovation: Utilizes advanced drone technology for mapping residential land, addressing challenges like climate change and resource management.

International news

Nigeria Joins BRICS as 9th Partner Country

In January 2025, the government of Brazil, which holds the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) bloc presidency in 2025, announced that Nigeria, the world’s 6th largest population and Africa’s largest country, has officially joined BRICS as the 9th Partner Country,

Other Partner countries of BRICS bloc are: Belarus, Bolivia, Cuba, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Thailand, Uganda, and Uzbekistan.

Current BRICS Partner Countries

Existing Partner Countries:

• Belarus
• Bolivia
• Cuba
• Kazakhstan
• Malaysia
• Thailand
• Uganda
• Uzbekistan

About BRICS

Origin:

• Initiated as BRIC in 2006 with Russia, India, and China in St. Petersburg, Russia.
• Formalized at the 1st BRIC Foreign Ministers Meeting at the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in 2006.

Expansion:

• South Africa joined in 2010, renaming BRIC to BRICS.
• New members in 2024: Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, UAE.
• Indonesia joined in January 2025 as the 1st Southeast Asian country.

Major Events: 1st BRIC Summit: Held in Yekaterinburg, Russia (2009).

16th BRICS Summit (2024):

• Hosted by Russia in Kazan.
• Theme: “Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security.”

About Nigeria

• Capital: Abuja
• President: Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Adekunle Tinubu
• Currency: Nigerian Naira (NGN)

USA Removes Three Indian Nuclear Entities from Restrictive Entity List

In January 2025, the United States of America (USA)’s Bureau of Industry & Security (BIS) has removed 3 prominent Indian nuclear entities from its restrictive Entity List. This move aims to strengthen bilateral ties between India and USA and also focus on promoting advanced energy cooperation.

The entities removed from the USA entity list are: Trombay, Mumbai (Maharashtra)-based Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC), Department of Atomic Energy(DAE); Mumbai (Maharashtra)-based IREL (India) Limited (formerly Indian Rare Earths Ltd); and Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu, TN)-based Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR). The updated listing also includes modifications to one existing entry of India.

Key Announcement

In January 2025, the Bureau of Industry & Security (BIS) of the USA removed three Indian nuclear entities from its restrictive Entity List.

Purpose: To strengthen India-USA bilateral ties and promote advanced energy cooperation.

Entities Removed from the List

• Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC): Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• IREL (India) Limited: Formerly Indian Rare Earths Ltd, Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR): Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu.

 Background of the Restrictions

• Restrictions were imposed on over 200 Indian entities after India’s 1998 nuclear tests in Pokhran, Rajasthan.
• The Entity List subjects individuals and organizations to strict licensing requirements for exporting and transferring specific items.

About the US Entity List

• Prepared by: Bureau of Industry & Security (BIS), USA.
• Purpose: Lists foreign persons or organizations suspected of activities contrary to US national security or foreign policy interests.

Impact of Inclusion:

• Imposes stringent licensing requirements.
• Complicates international business dealings.

About United States of America (USA)

• President: Donald John Trump.
• Capital: Washington, D.C.
• Currency: United States Dollar (USD).

This move marks a significant step towards fostering stronger India-USA relations and facilitating technological and energy collaboration.

Agreement news

FIU-IND and NHB Sign MoU for AML/CFT Collaboration

In January 2025, New Delhi (Delhi) based Financial Intelligence Unit-India (FIU-IND) under the Department of Revenue (DOR), Ministry of Finance (MOF) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with New Delhi (Delhi) based National Housing Bank (NHB), under MoF to collaborate on a range of critical areas, including intelligence sharing, capacity building and risk assessment.

Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)

Date: January 2025.

Signatories:

• FIU-IND: Vivek Aggarwal, Director.
• NHB: Sanjay Shukla, Managing Director.
• Objective: Strengthen the implementation of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002, and enhance Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Counter Financing of Terrorism (CFT) measures.

Key Areas of Collaboration

Nodal Officers: Both parties will appoint nodal and alternate nodal officers for coordination.

Intelligence Sharing: Exchange relevant information from their databases.

AML/CFT Risk Assessment:

• Assess risks and vulnerabilities in Housing Finance Companies (HFCs).
• Identify red flag indicators for Suspicious Transaction Reports in HFCs.

Training and Capacity Building: Provide outreach and training for supervised/reporting entities.

Compliance Monitoring: Ensure entities comply with PMLA, PML Rules, and RBI/NHB guidelines.

Quarterly Meetings: Review typologies/trends in AML/CFT crimes and discuss cases with sanctions.

About Financial Intelligence Unit-India (FIU-IND)

• Established: 2004.
• Function: Analyze and disseminate financial transaction data related to money laundering and terrorism financing.
• Director: Vivek Aggarwal.
• Headquarters: New Delhi.

About National Housing Bank (NHB)

• Established: 1988.
• Function: Regulate and promote Housing Finance Companies in India.
• Managing Director: Sanjay Shukla.
• Headquarters: New Delhi.

Economy news

CII Projects 7% GDP Growth for 2025-26 Amid Rising Investments

The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) anticipates India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to grow by 7% in the fiscal year 2025-26, driven by an uptick in private investments and employment generation.

GDP Growth Projection: The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) estimates a 7% GDP growth for FY 2025-26, supported by increased private investments and employment generation.

2. Rise in Private Investments

• 75% of respondents in a CII survey view the current economic climate as favorable for private investments.
• 70% of surveyed firms plan to invest in FY 2025-26, signaling strong private sector participation.

3. Employment Generation Trends

• 97% of firms expect workforce expansion in 2024-25 and 2025-26.
• 42%-46% of firms anticipate a 10%-20% rise in employment.
• 31%-36% of firms foresee up to a 10% increase in jobs.
• Over the past three years, 79% of respondents added employees, indicating consistent hiring growth.

4. Comparative Growth Projections

• Reserve Bank of India (RBI): Estimates 7% GDP growth for FY 2025-26, with potential for an 8% growth trend in subsequent years (per RBI Deputy Governor Michael Patra).
• Government’s Estimates: Pegs FY 2024-25 GDP growth at 6.4%, down from 8.2% in 2023-24, with agriculture and allied sectors rebounding to 3.8% growth from 1.4%.

Appointment news

Government Extends Tenure of Robert Jerard Ravi as CMD of BSNL and MTNL

In January 2025, the Department of Telecommunications (DOT), Ministry of Communications (MOC) has extended the additional charge of Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of BSNL and MTNL assigned to Robert Jerard Ravi for another three months with effect from January 15, 2025, till April 14, 2025, or until further orders, whichever is earlier, subject to approval by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC).

Gyanendra Pratap Singh Appointed as CRPF Director General

On January 18, 2025, the Indian government appointed Gyanendra Pratap Singh, a 1991-batch Indian Police Service (IPS) officer from the Assam-Meghalaya cadre, as the Director General (DG) of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF). Singh, who was serving as the Director General of Police (DGP) of Assam, will assume his new role immediately, with his tenure extending until his superannuation on November 30, 2027, or until further orders.

Ranks and report news

India Ranks 25th in QS World Future Skills Index 2025, Secures 2nd in ‘Future of Work’ Category

In January 2025, London (the United Kingdom, UK-based Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) released its first ‘World Future Skills Index 2025’. India secured 25th position globally earning a score of 76.6, which classifies it as a “future skills contender.”

India secured the 2nd position globally, behind the United States of America (USA) in the ‘Future of Work’ category indicating its strong readiness for technology-driven roles and industries of the future, especially in digital skills, artificial intelligence (AI), and green technologies.

Global Leaders

Top 5 Countries (Future Skills Pioneers):

• USA: Score 97.6.
• UK: Score 97.1.
• Germany: Score 94.6.
• Australia: Score 93.3.
• Canada: Score 91.0.

World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2025′ Report

On January 18 2025, the International Labour Organization (ILO) released its flagship report titled ‘World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2025(WESO Trends 2025), highlighting the current state of global labour markets and the social outlook. The report provides an in- depth analysis of global employment trends, challenges, and prospects for the near future.

Report Overview

• Released by: International Labour Organization (ILO).
• Date: January 18, 2025.
• Focus: Global labour market trends, challenges, and prospects.
• Key Highlight: Global unemployment rate slowed to 5% in 2024 and is projected to decrease to 4.9% by 2026.

Key Findings

• Youth Unemployment: High at 12.6% in 2024.
• Job Deficit: 402.4 million jobs were missing globally in 2024.
• Global Growth: Stable at 3.2% for 2024 and 2025.
• Inflation Rates: Declined from 6.7% in 2023 to 5.9% in 2024; projected to decrease further in 2025.

Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR): Stood at 61% in 2024.

India-Specific Insights

Unemployment Rate:

• 2024: 6.2%.
• 2025: Projected to improve to 5.8%.

About International Labour Organization (ILO)

• Director-General: Gilbert Fossoun Houngbo.
• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland.
• Established: 1919.

Award news

Urbasi Sinha Wins Gates-Cambridge Impact Prize 2025

Professor Urbasi Sinha, a distinguished faculty member in the Light and Matter Physics theme at the Raman Research Institute (RRI), has been awarded the prestigious Gates-Cambridge Impact Prize 2025 by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation at Cambridge, UK.

Prestigious Recognition

Professor Urbasi Sinha of the Raman Research Institute (RRI) was awarded the Gates-Cambridge Impact Prize 2025 by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation for her groundbreaking contributions to quantum science.

Advancements in Quantum Science

• Leads the Quantum Information and Computing (QuIC) lab at RRI, making significant advancements in quantum communication, computing, and optics.
• Her lab pioneered the development of heralded and entangled photon sources in India, enhancing the nation’s quantum research capabilities.

Role in National Quantum Mission: Plays a key leadership role in India’s National Quantum Mission, driving innovation and aligning national quantum research with global technological advancements.

International Achievements

• Awarded the Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) in Photonic Quantum Science and Technologies at the University of Calgary.
• Instrumental in establishing the Open Quantum Institute (OQI) at CERN in 2024, fostering global collaboration in quantum technologies.

Vision for Quantum Computing: Recognized for her visionary work in utilizing quantum computing to address critical global challenges, embodying the principle of science in service of humanity.

Axelsen and An Se-young Triumph at India Open 2025

Viktor Axelsen and An Se-young clinched the men’s and women’s singles titles, respectively, at the India Open Super 750 badminton tournament in New Delhi. Axelsen secured his third India Open title by defeating Hong Kong’s Lee Cheuk Yiu in straight games, 21-16, 21-8, in just 41 minutes. An Se-young showcased her dominance by overcoming Thailand’s Pornpawee Chochuwong 21-12, 21-9. In the doubles events, Malaysia’s Goh Sze Fei and Nur Izzuddin, Japan’s Arisa Igarashi and Ayako Sakuramoto, and China’s Jiang Zhen Bang and Wei Ya Xin emerged victorious.

Singles Champions

Men’s Singles: Viktor Axelsen (Denmark)

• Defeated Hong Kong’s Lee Cheuk Yiu in straight games (21-16, 21-8) in 41 minutes.
• Secured his third India Open title (previous wins in 2017 and 2019).

Women’s Singles: An Se-young (South Korea)

• Overcame Thailand’s Pornpawee Chochuwong with a dominant performance (21-12, 21-9).
• Solidified her position as a rising star in international badminton.

Doubles Winners

• Men’s Doubles: Malaysia’s Goh Sze Fei and Nur Izzuddin.
• Women’s Doubles: Japan’s Arisa Igarashi and Ayako Sakuramoto.
• Mixed Doubles: China’s Jiang Zhen Bang and Wei Ya Xin.

Key Highlights

• Viktor Axelsen demonstrated exceptional skill and athleticism, showcasing his return to peak form after injury challenges.
• An Se-young’s consistent performance reinforced her status as a dominant force in women’s badminton.
• The tournament, held in New Delhi, celebrated outstanding performances from top international

Books and author news

VP Jagdeep Dhankhar Launches Book on Parliament’s Powers and Functions

VP Jagdeep Dhankhar launched the book “Parliament: Powers, Functions & Privileges; A Comparative Constitutional Perspective”

In January 2025, the Vice-President (VP) of India, Jagdeep Dhankhar launched the book “Parliament: Powers, Functions & Privileges; A Comparative Constitutional Perspective” in New Delhi (Delhi). The book was authored by Dr. KS Chauhan, Senior Advocate, at VP’s Enclave, New Delhi(Delhi).

We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 19th & 20th January 2025 current affairs curated from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs of 19th & 20th January 2025 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation.

Edusprint Youtube Channel : Edusprint Academy

National news

DPIIT Partners with ITC to Strengthen India’s Startup Ecosystem

In January 2025, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), under the Ministry of Commerce & Industry (MoC&I), established a strategic partnership with ITC Limited, a Kolkata-based conglomerate. The collaboration aims to enhance technological progress and create new market opportunities for startups across India.

Key Highlights

Partnership Goals:

Leverage ITC’s market network and DPIIT’s support initiatives to bolster India’s startup ecosystem.

Focus on fostering innovation and creating opportunities in key sectors like renewable energy, digital platforms, and manufacturing excellence.

ITC’s Focus Areas:

• Energy Storage Systems: Implementing advanced storage solutions to optimize energy usage.
• Renewable Energy Integration: Utilizing renewable energy sources for ITC’s manufacturing locations to promote sustainability.
• Digital Platforms for MES: Enhancing Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) through digital tools to improve operational excellence.

Sustainability and Innovation:

• The collaboration emphasizes digital innovation to improve manufacturing readiness and operational efficiency.
• ITC will also focus on renewable energy initiatives to align with its sustainability goals.

PFC Signs Loan Agreement with JBIC for Renewable Energy Projects

In January 2025, New Delhi (Delhi) based Power Finance Corporation Limited (PFC) under the Ministry of Power (MOP) signed an agreement with Tokyo (Japan) based Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) for 120 billion Japanese Yen (JPY) or Rs.6600 crore loan to support Renewable Energy(RE) projects in India.

Under the agreement, JBIC will contribute JPY 72 billion (Rs 40.04 billion), while the remaining amount will be provided by commercial banks.

Key Highlights

Agreement Details:

Parties Involved:

• Power Finance Corporation Limited (PFC), India.
• Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), Japan.

Loan Amount:

• Total: 120 billion Japanese Yen (JPY) or Rs 6,600 crore.
• JBIC Contribution: JPY 72 billion (Rs 4,004 crore).
• Remaining funds will be provided by commercial banks.

Objective: To support renewable energy (RE) projects in India, aligning with the country’s net-zero carbon emissions target and transition to clean energy sources.

Loan Tenure: Up to 20 years under JBIC’s ‘Global Action for Reconciling Economic Growth and Environmental Preservation’ (GREEN) initiative.

Represents JBIC’s largest green financing deal with an Indian company.

Key Uses of Funds:

• Development of renewable energy projects in India.
• Investment in next-generation energy supply systems.
• Enhancing energy-efficient power generation and heat supply infrastructure.
• Contributing to India’s goal of achieving 50% cumulative electric power generation from non-fossil-fuel sources by 2030.

Recent Collaboration: In August 2024, PFC received a 25.5 billion yen (approximately Rs. 147 crore) loan from JBIC to fund a wind energy project in Karnataka.

Key People:

• Parminder Chopra, Chairman and Managing Director (CMD), PFC.
• Ogawa Kazunori, Senior Managing Director (MD), JBIC.

About Power Finance Corporation (PFC):

• Type: Maharatna Public Sector Company.
• Sector: One of India’s leading Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFC) under the Ministry of Power (MOP).
• Chairman & Managing Director (CMD): Parminder Chopra.
• Headquarters: New Delhi, India.

Conclusion

This landmark agreement between PFC and JBIC underscores the importance of international cooperation in promoting renewable energy and environmental sustainability. By securing long-term funding under JBIC’s GREEN initiative, PFC continues to play a critical role in driving India’s transition to a clean energy future.

Agreement news

IREDA and Partners Sign JV Agreement for Nepal’s Upper Karnali Hydro-electric Project

On 17th January 2025, New Delhi (Delhi) based Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA) entered into a Joint Venture (JV) Agreement with Shimla, Himachal Pradesh(HP) based SJVN Limited (formerly known as Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam), GMR Energy Limited, and Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) for the development of the 900 megawatt (MW) Upper Karnali Hydro-electric Project over River Karnali, the largest hydro-electric power project in Nepal.

Key Highlights

Agreement Details:

Parties Involved:

• Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA).
• SJVN Limited (formerly Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam).
• GMR Energy Limited.
• Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA).

Purpose: Development of the 900 MW Upper Karnali Hydro-electric Project over the Karnali River, Nepal’s largest hydropower project.

Location: Signed in New Delhi on January 17, 2025.

Funding: Partly funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

Project Overview:

• Model: Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT).
• Cost: Estimated at USD 1.5 billion.

Operation Timeline:

• Project will operate for 25 years post-Commercial Operation Date (COD).
• Expected to complete within 5 years of construction commencement.

Power Distribution:

• Nepal will utilize 108 MW for domestic consumption.
• The remaining 792 MW will be exported to India and Bangladesh.

Significance

Cross-Border Cooperation: The project exemplifies regional collaboration in renewable energy, fostering environmental and economic benefits.

Strategic Goals: Promotes renewable energy sources.

Enhances regional energy security by leveraging Nepal’s hydropower potential.

Investment Details:

• IREDA will invest Rs 174.22 crore for a 5% stake.
• SJVN will invest a similar amount to acquire a 10% joint stake in GMR Upper Karnali Hydro Power Ltd and Karnali Transmission Co Pvt Ltd.
• Both projects are being executed by GMR Nepal in partnership with SJVN.

About Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA)

• Chairman & Managing Director (CMD): Pradip Kumar Das.
• Headquarters: New Delhi, Delhi.
• Founded: 1987.

Role: A Maharatna company promoting renewable energy projects in India and abroad.

State news

Uttarakhand Partners with Iceland’s Verkis for Geothermal Energy Development

Uttarakhand Signs MoU with Iceland’s Verkis for Geothermal Energy Development The Government of Uttarakhand has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Icelandic company Verkis Consulting Engineers (Verkis) for geothermal exploration and development in Uttarakhand.

Memorandum of Understanding (MoU):

Parties Involved:

• Government of Uttarakhand.
• Verkis Consulting Engineers, Iceland.

Objective:

• Evaluate and promote geothermal energy across identified sites in Uttarakhand.
• Event: Signed in the virtual presence of CM Pushkar Singh Dhami and Icelandic Ambassador Dr. Benedict Hoskulsson.

Feasibility Studies: Funded by the Government of Iceland to assess the potential of geothermal energy projects.

Approvals: Received from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), and Ministry of External Affairs (MEA).

Geothermal Energy in Uttarakhand

• Potential Hotspots: Geological Survey of India (GSI) and Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG) have identified 40 geothermal hotspots in Uttarakhand.
• Significance: Geothermal energy is a clean, renewable resource, ideal for Uttarakhand’s mountainous terrain and commitment to sustainable development.

International news

Singapore President Shanmugaratnam’s visit to India

President Tharman Shanmugaratnam of Singapore was on a five day official visit to India from 14-18 January 2025.This is the first official visit of President Tharman Shanmugaratnam to India. During his visit to India he visited New Delhi and Odisha.

During his visit to Odisha on 17 & 18 January 2025,eight memorandum of understanding (MoU ) were signed between Singapore and the state of Odisha.

60th anniversary of India Singapore diplomatic relation  The Singapore President’s visit to India coincided with the 60th year of the establishment of the diplomatic relation between the two countries.

Key Events and Meetings

Commemorating 60 Years of Diplomatic Relations:

India-Singapore Relations:

• India was among the first nations to recognize Singapore’s independence in 1965.
• A logo commemorating the 60th anniversary of bilateral ties was jointly unveiled by President Droupadi Murmu and President Tharman Shanmugaratnam at Rashtrapati Bhavan.

Meetings in New Delhi:

President Shanmugaratnam met with:

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar.
• Minister of Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari.
• Minister of Health and Family Welfare Jagat Prakash Nadda.
• Minister of Finance Nirmala Sitharaman.

Visit to Odisha (January 17-18, 2025)

Cultural and Infrastructure Visits:

• Visited the Sun Temple, Konark.
• Toured the Bharat Biotech vaccine manufacturing center near Bhubaneswar.

Collaboration at the World Skill Centre:

• The World Skill Centre in Bhubaneswar, established in collaboration with Singapore’s Institute of Technical Education and Education Services (ITEES), was a focal point of the visit.
• The center is funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and aims to enhance skill development in Odisha.

MoUs Signed: Eight Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) were signed between Singapore and Odisha to strengthen ties and foster collaboration.

About Singapore

• President: Tharman Shanmugaratnam
• Prime Minister: Lawrence Wong
• Capital: Singapore
• Currency: Singapore Dollar

India was one the first countries in the world to recognize Singapore in 1965.

Defence news

Indian Navy Participates in the 5th Edition of La Perouse 25 Multinational Naval Exercise

On January 16, 2025, the Indian Navy (IN), along with eight Indo-Pacific nations, is participating in the 5th edition of the La Perouse 25 multinational naval exercise.

• The exercise is being conducted in the strategic maritime straits of Malacca, Sunda, and Lombok, which serve as crucial routes for global maritime trade between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.
• This eight-day exercise, organized by the French Carrier Strike Group (CSG), began on January 16, 2025, and will continue until January 24, 2025.

Key Highlights

Exercise Overview:

• Name: La Perouse 25
• Duration: January 16–24, 2025 (8 days).
• Location: Strategic maritime straits of Malacca, Sunda, and Lombok—critical routes for global trade between the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean.
• Organizer: French Carrier Strike Group (CSG).

Objective: To prepare navies for real-world challenges by enhancing their collective response capabilities.

Participants: Naval forces from 9 nations: India, Australia, Canada, USA, France, Indonesia, Malaysia, UK, and Singapore.

Indian Navy Representation:

• The Indian Naval Ship (INS) Mumbai, a guided-missile destroyer, participated in the exercise.
• Other nations deployed advanced vessels for joint training.

Key Features of La Perouse 25

Use of IORIS System:

IORIS (Indian Ocean Regional Information Sharing):

• A system designed for communication and coordination among participating navies.
• Facilitates the exchange of information and documents for managing maritime crises.

All navies trained in the effective use of IORIS during the exercise.

Focus Areas:

• Interoperability Training: Exercises in ship inspections to detect and prevent illicit activities.
• Trade Route Protection: Emphasis on securing key maritime trade routes from accidents, illegal activities, and natural disasters.

Appointment news

Nripendra Mishra reappointed Chairperson of PM Museum & Library Society

The Government of India has reconstituted the Executive Council of the Prime Ministers Museum and Library Society and reappointed Nripendra Mishra as the Chairperson of the Executive Council of the Society.  The Executive Council is the highest decision-making body of the Prime Ministers Museum and Library Society.

• The Prime Minister is the ex-officio President of the Prime Ministers Museum and Library Society and the Union Defence Minister Rajnath Singh is currently the Vice-Chairman.
• The Prime Minister Museum and Library Society was set up by the government of India on 1st April 1966 to manage the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library which is now known as the Prime Minister Museum and Library.

Reconstituted Executive Council of the Society

• According to the notification of the Union Ministry of Culture, the former Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister, Nripendra Mishra has been re-appointed as the Chairperson of the Executive Council for a term of 5 years.
• Former Union Minister Smriti Irani, noted filmmaker Shekhar Kapur, former NITI Aayog Vice-chairman Rajiv Kumar, Sanjeev Sanyal, member of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister, retired Army officer Syed Ata Hasnain, and Sanskar Bharati’s Vasudev Kamath have also been appointed to the Executive Council.

The term of the newly appointed member of the Executive Council will be five years.

About the  Prime Minister Museum and Library

• The Prime Minister Museum and Library was earlier called the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library.
• It is located in the historic Teen Murti Campus, New Delhi.
• It was the residence of the Commander in Chief of India.
• In August 1948 it became the official residence of the first Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and remained so till his death.
• After his death in 1964, the government of India decided to convert the place into a museum dedicated to Jawahar Lal Nehru.
• In November 1964 President Dr Radhakrishnan inaugurated the Nehru Memorial Museum in the Teen Murti.

Change into Prime Minister Museum and Library

• In 2016 Prime Minister Narendra Modi proposed converting the Nehru Museum and Library into a national museum dedicated to all the Prime Ministers of India.
• The proposal was approved by the Executive Council in a meeting in November 2016 and a decision was taken to construct the Museum of all Prime Ministers in the Teen Murti Estate.
• The  Pradhanmantri Sangrahalaya dedicated to the 15 Prime Ministers of India, was opened to the public on 21st April 2022.
• A special meeting of the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library Society was held in June 2023. The meeting was chaired by the Vice-President of the Prime Minister Museum and Library Society, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh.
• It approved the change in the name of the Nehru Memorial to the Prime Minister Museum and Library.

Under  Which Ministry is the  Prime Minister Museum and Library

• The Prime Minister Museum and Library is funded by the Union Ministry of Culture.
• The ministry is mandated to preserve, promote, and disseminate all forms of art and culture in the country.

Science and tech news

Cabinet Approves 3rd Launchpad for ISRO’s New Generation Rockets

The Union Cabinet has given its approval for the construction of the third launch pad of the Indian Space Research organisation (ISRO) which will be equipped to launch the future human space flight of ISRO and its next generation rockets.

Key Details

Approval and Location:

• The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved the construction of the third launch pad for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
• It will be built at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, which already houses two operational launch pads.

Budget and Timeline:

Budget: Rs 3,984.86 crore.

Completion Timeline: 48 months (4 years).

Purpose:

• To support future human space flights and the launch of next-generation rockets.
• Essential for India’s ambitious space targets, including the Bharatiya Antriksh Station by 2035 and a manned Moon mission by 2040.
• Existing Launch Pads at SDSC

First Launch Pad:

• Operational Since: September 20, 1993.
• Capabilities: Launching Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV).

Second Launch Pad:

Operational Since: 2005.

Capabilities:

• Launching Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) and LVM3 (GSLV Mk III), both powered by cryogenic engines.
• Acts as a standby for PSLV launches.
• Notable Mission: Chandrayaan-3 was launched from this pad.
• Requirement for a Third Launch Pad

New Generation Rockets:

• ISRO is developing heavier rockets with advanced propulsion systems to meet the demands of future missions.
• Existing launch pads are inadequate for launching these advanced rockets.

India’s Space Ambitions:

• Operational space station by 2035.
• Manned mission to the Moon by 2040.
• Historical Context of ISRO’s Launch Pads

Initial Launches:

• The Indian space programme began with sounding rocket launches from the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, in 1963.
• The first rocket launched from SDSC in 1971 was RH-125, a sounding rocket.

Development of SDSC: SDSC became the focal point for ISRO’s expanding capabilities, housing India’s first two launch pads and now preparing for a third to support future advancements.

Blue Origin Successfully Launches New Glenn Rocket on First Test Flight

In January 2025, Blue Origin Enterprises, L.P., the American space technology company headquartered in Washington, the United States of America (USA), founded by Amazon’s Executive Chairman Jeff Bezos, successfully launched its reusable ‘New Glenn (NG) rocket’ on a first test flight, from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida, the USA. The rocket was named after John Glenn who was the first American to orbit Earth.

Key Highlights

Launch Details:

• Date: January 2025.
• Rocket: New Glenn (NG), named after John Glenn, the first American to orbit Earth.
• Mission Name: NG-1.
• Launch Site: Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida, USA.
• Objective: To test the rocket’s capabilities, including delivering a prototype satellite to orbit and recovering the first-stage booster.

Mission Outcome:

Payload: Successfully launched the Blue Ring Pathfinder test satellite into orbit.

First-Stage Booster:

• Attempted to land on a drone ship in the Atlantic Ocean but did not succeed.
• Emphasis remained on the mission’s primary goal of successful satellite deployment.

Second Stage: Planned to stay in orbit for six hours before being placed into a safe orbit to prevent space debris, adhering to NASA guidelines.

About New Glenn Rocket

Specifications:

• Height: 320 feet (98 meters).
• Purpose: Designed to carry spacecraft and astronauts to orbit and eventually to the Moon.

China Launches Pakistan’s First Remote Sensing Satellite, PRSC-E01

On January 17 2025, China successfully launched Pakistan’s first Remote Sensing Satellite – Earth Observing 1 (PRSC-E01) aboard the Long March-Dimensional (LM-2D) rocket for Pakistan from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC), China. The rocket also carried 2 other satellites, Tianlu-1 and Lantan-1.

Satellite Overview:

PRSC-E01:

• Developed by Pakistan’s Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO).
• Equipped with a high-resolution electro-optical sensor.
• Part of a series of three optical remote sensing satellites for Pakistan.
• Joins existing satellites PRSS-1 and PakTES-1A in orbit.

Purpose:

• Land mapping and urban/rural planning.
• Agricultural classification and environmental monitoring.
• Natural disaster management and resource protection.

Capabilities:

Deploy satellites into correct orbits.

Reusability: Aims to land and reuse its first-stage booster.

Significance

• Space Exploration: A milestone for Blue Origin in advancing its capability to compete with other commercial space companies.
• Environmental Responsibility: Demonstrates commitment to minimizing space debris by ensuring second stages are safely managed.

About Blue Origin Enterprises, L.P.

• Founded: 2000.
• Founder: Jeff Bezos, Executive Chairman of Amazon.
• CEO: Dave Limp.
• Headquarters: Washington, USA.
• Mission: To develop reusable rocket technology and advance human access to space.

About China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation(CASC):

• Chairman- Chen Mingbo
• Headquarters- Beijing, China
• Established 1999

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National news

Piyush Goyal Launches PRABHAAV Factbook and Startup Challenge

The 9th Foundation Day of Startup India, celebrated in New Delhi, marked a significant milestone in India’s journey toward becoming a global leader in innovation and entrepreneurship. Union Minister of Commerce & Industry, Shri Piyush Goyal, launched key initiatives, including the PRABHAAV Factbook and the Bharat Startup Challenge, while emphasizing the transformative role of startups in shaping India’s economic and social landscape. The event highlighted India’s achievements in fostering a thriving startup ecosystem, empowering women entrepreneurs, and supporting Tier II and Tier III city startups.

Key Initiatives

PRABHAAV Factbook:

• Comprehensive documentation of India’s startup ecosystem (2016-2024).
• Highlights regional contributions and growth trajectories.

Bharat Startup Challenge:

• Features 75 challenges in sectors like renewable energy, blockchain, agritech, and semiconductors.
• Offers procurement opportunities, cash prizes, mentorship, and networking.

Startup Ecosystem Achievements

• India became the world’s 3rd largest startup ecosystem with 1,59,157 startups (as of January 2025) from just 500 in 2016.
• 76 IPOs launched in 2024.
• Generated 17.2 lakh direct jobs.
• Role of Funding Instruments
• Fund of Funds for Startups (FFS), administered by SIDBI, mobilized private capital in Tier II and III cities.
• Total startup funding of ₹13 trillion from the government.

Private Equity and Venture Capital

• Partnerships with PE/VC firms accelerated startups’ growth and provided global networks.
• Focus on Women Entrepreneurs
• 43% of India’s STEM graduates are women.
• Women Entrepreneurship Platform supports women-led startups.

Upcoming Events

Startup Mahakumbh (April 2025):

• Features 2,500 startups.
• Showcases India’s entrepreneurial talent globally.

Broader Contribution: Startups are addressing sustainability, healthcare, renewable energy, and digital transformation challenges.

Future Vision: Entering Amrit Kaal, startups are key to a self-reliant, inclusive, and globally competitive India.

PM Modi Inaugurates Bharat Mobility Global Expo 2025

On January 17, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Bharat Mobility Global Expo 2025 at 10:30 AM at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. This event, recognized as India’s largest mobility expo, aims to consolidate the entire mobility value chain under one umbrella.

Event Features

Global Participation: Over 1,500 exhibitors and 500,000 visitors expected.

Exhibitions:

• Prominent vehicle manufacturers like Maruti Suzuki, Hyundai, Tata Motors, and Mahindra & Mahindra showcasing new models and innovations.
• Focus on sustainable mobility solutions such as electric, hybrid, CNG, and biofuel-powered vehicles.
• Participation from leading EV manufacturers, including Ather Energy, Ola Electric, Vayve Mobility, and Vietnam’s Vinfast.

Conferences and Pavilions:

• Over 20 conferences to discuss mobility advancements.
• Dedicated pavilions for state policies and initiatives, encouraging collaboration with local governments.

Historical Context and Growth

• Expanded significantly from its inaugural edition in 2024.
• Aims to position India as a global hub for mobility innovation, reflecting the nation’s commitment to sustainable development.
• Aligns with Prime Minister Modi’s vision for a connected and integrated world through collaboration and engineering excellence.

Maha Kumbh 2025: World’s First Mahamrityunjaya Yantra Installed in Prayagraj

The world’s first Mahamrityunjaya Yantra, measuring 52 feet in length, width, and height, has been installed at Tapovan Ashram in Jhunsi Havelis, Prayagraj—known as the sacred land of Maha Kumbh. This monumental Yantra is a spiritual marvel, believed to connect devotees to the higher consciousness of Lord Shiva.

Spiritual Significance

• Known as the “Victory over Death” Yantra, it helps overcome:
• Fear of death, disease, and danger.
• Stress, depression, and negativity.

Acts as a divine connector to Lord Shiva’s higher energy, fostering courage and positivity.

Creation and Cost

• Built over 52 days at a cost of ₹4 crore.
• Represents a perfect square design, reflecting balance and cosmic harmony.

Mantra Chanting and Rudraksha Consecration

151 Acharyas chanting the Mahamrityunjaya Mantra since Makar Sankranti (January 14, 2025).

• Objective: Consecration of 11,11,111 Panchmukhi Rudrakshas for free distribution to devotees.
• Devotees can register at the ashram to receive a consecrated Rudraksha.
• Symbolism and Scientific Connection

52 Letters in the Mahamrityunjaya Mantra:

• Represent 52 energy centers in the body and the country.
• Align with 52 Hindi alphabets and sounds, emphasizing the core of Sanatan Dharma.

Scientific Structure of the Yantra:

• Mimics the spinal column, symbolizing energy flow and cosmic connectivity.
• Awakens divine powers through mantra chanting and meditation.
• Creates a positive energy field, benefiting everyone in its vicinity.

Visionary Leadership

• Swami Sahajanand Maharaj, the initiator, highlighted its scientific design and transformative potential.
• Aims to blend spirituality and science for holistic well-being and environmental harmony.

Uttar Pradesh:

• Capital: Lucknow (Executive Branch)
• Chief minister: Yogi Adityanath
• Governor: Anandiben Patel

Archaeological Experiential Museum Launched in Vadnagar

On a historic day, the Union Ministry of Culture and the Gujarat State Government unveiled a state-of-the-art Archaeological Experiential Museum in Vadnagar. The inauguration ceremony was presided over by Union Home Minister Shri Amit Shah and attended by Gujarat Chief Minister Shri Bhupendrabhai Patel, Union Minister of Education Shri Dharmendra Pradhan, along with other senior officials. This landmark project showcases the rich cultural and historical heritage of Vadnagar, a town with a history spanning over 2,500 years.

• Inaugurated by: Union Minister Amit Shah, Gujarat Chief Minister Bhupendrabhai Patel, and Union Minister Dharmendra Pradhan.
• Location: Vadnagar, Gujarat, a historically significant town with a 2,500-year-old heritage.
• Purpose: To preserve and showcase Vadnagar’s cultural and historical richness.

Museum Overview

Design and Scale:

• A state-of-the-art facility covering 12,500 sq. m. with nine thematic galleries.
• Features a 4,000 sq. m. excavation site with visible archaeological remains up to 16-18 meters deep.
• Investment: ₹298 crore, including five years of operational maintenance.

Museum Structures

• Main Museum Building: Houses artifacts and interactive exhibits.
• 50-meter Connecting Bridge: Links the museum to the excavation site for easy visitor access.
• Permanent Structure over Excavation Site: Protects the excavation area and ensures visitor safety while offering informative views.

Exhibits and Collections

• Over 5,000 artifacts, showcasing Vadnagar’s historical evolution, including:
• Ceramic assemblages, coins, ornaments, weapons, tools, and sculptures.
• Organic materials like food grains, DNA samples, and skeletal remains.

Technology Integration: Combines physical exhibits with immersive digital experiences for an engaging visitor journey.

Significance of Vadnagar

• Historical Importance: Known for its role as a strategic hub on ancient trade routes.
• Cultural Diversity: Reflects centuries of religious and architectural diversity through its artifacts and structures.

Gujarat:

• Capital: Gandhinagar
• Chief minister: Bhupendra Patel
• Governor: Acharya Devvrat

International news

NPCI International Expands UPI Acceptance in UAE

NPCI International partners with Magnati to Expand UPI Acceptance in UAE NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL), the international arm of the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), has partnered with Magnati, a leading payment solutions provider in the Middle East, to provide the feature of QR (Quick Response) based Unified Payments Interface (UPI) merchant payments via Magnati’s Point-Of-Sale (POS) terminals in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Key Highlights

• Partnership: NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL), the global arm of NPCI, partnered with Magnati, a leading payment solutions provider in the Middle East.
• Objective: To enable QR-based Unified Payments Interface (UPI) payments via Magnati’s Point-of-Sale (POS) terminals in the UAE, enhancing payment convenience for Indian travelers.

Target Audience: Over 12 million Indians visiting Dubai and the UAE annually.

Implementation

• Initial Rollout: UPI acceptance will begin at Dubai Duty-Free, streamlining the shopping experience for Indian tourists.
• Expansion: The service will extend to merchants in retail, hospitality, transport, supermarkets, and other key categories.

Global Reach: UPI payments are now accepted in seven countries: Bhutan, Mauritius, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, France, and the UAE.

NPCI:

• Founded: 19 December 2008
• Headquarters: Mumbai
• Founders: Reserve Bank of India, Indian Banks’ Association
• Head: Dilip Asbe

Economy news

FICCI Revises India’s Economic Projections for FY 2024-25

The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) has adjusted its economic forecasts for India, projecting a GDP growth rate of 6.4% and a Consumer Price Index (CPI)-based inflation rate of 4.8% for the fiscal year 2024-25. This revision reflects a cautious outlook amid global uncertainties and domestic challenges.
GDP Growth Projection

Revised Forecast: GDP growth downgraded to 6.4% from 7.0% (September 2024 projection).

Comparison:

• FY 2023-24: 8.2% growth.
• FY 2024-25: Moderation due to global uncertainties and domestic challenges.

Sectoral Growth Expectations:

• Agriculture: Growth at 3.6%, expected to boost rural consumption in H1 FY 2024-25.
• Industry: Projected growth of 6.3%, with improvement in H2 driven by public capital expenditure and festive demand.
• Services: Growth forecasted at 7.3%, benefiting from normalization post-monsoon.

Inflation Outlook

CPI-Based Inflation:

• Projected at 4.8%, in line with RBI’s expectations.
• Easing inflation is expected to alleviate household strain, especially on food prices.

Investment and Consumption Dynamics

• Government Investment: Infrastructure, housing, and logistics sectors expected to drive growth.
• Private Capital Expenditure: Anticipated to remain subdued due to geopolitical and domestic demand uncertainties.

Consumer Spending:

• Likely to gain momentum, supported by:
• Improved agricultural sector performance.
• Potential monetary easing by RBI, reducing interest rates.

FICCI:

• Founded: 1927
• Headquarters: New Delhi
• Head: Harsha Vardhan Agarwal

Banking news

RBI Reshuffles Portfolios: M Rajeshwar Rao to Head Monetary Policy Department

RBI Assigns Deputy Governor M Rajeshwar Rao to head monetary policy The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has redesigned portfolios of its deputy governors as the 5- year term with two one-year extended tenure of Dr. Michael Debabrata Patra ended on 14th January 2025. The central bank has reshuffled its 33 departments among the three deputy governors Rajeshwar Rao, T Rabi Sankar and Swaminathan Janakiraman.

Portfolio Assignments

M Rajeshwar Rao:

Handles 11 portfolios, including:

• Monetary Policy Department.
• Department of Regulation.
• Enforcement Department.
• Department of Economic and Policy Research.
• Risk Monitoring Department.

T Rabi Sankar:

Oversees 13 departments, such as:

• Currency Management.
• Financial Markets Operations.
• Information Technology.
• Financial Markets Regulation.

Swaminathan Janakiraman:

Responsible for 9 departments, including:

• Supervision.
• Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC).

About Dr. Michael Debabrata Patra

• Served as RBI Deputy Governor since 2020, with his term extended twice in 2023 and 2024.
• Played a key role as a member of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) since its inception in 2016.

RBI Deputy Governors

RBI has four deputy governors, including:

• An economist to oversee monetary policy.
• A commercial banker.
• Two from within RBI ranks.

Shriram Housing Finance Rebrands as Truhome Finance

In a significant development, Shriram Housing Finance has rebranded itself as Truhome Finance, marking a pivotal shift in its corporate identity and strategic direction. This transformation follows the acquisition by Warburg Pincus and co-investors, including Qatar’s sovereign wealth fund, QIA. The rebranding aligns with the company’s vision to enhance accessibility to affordable home loans across diverse socio-economic segments.

Rebranding and Acquisition

• Rebranding: Shriram Housing Finance has been rebranded as Truhome Finance, signaling a new strategic direction.
• Acquisition: Warburg Pincus and Qatar Investment Authority (QIA) acquired a substantial stake, investing ₹1,225 crore, increasing the company’s net worth to over ₹3,300 crore.

Strategic Vision and Goals

• Focus on expanding presence in Tier 2 to Tier 4 cities, aiming to drive 55–60% of business from non-metro regions.
• Targeting a 25–30% annual growth in Assets Under Management (AUM) and a 10% increase in disbursements.
• Aspires to become India’s number one affordable housing finance company within three years, with a projected loan book size of ₹35,000–40,000 crore by FY28.

Financial Implications

Cost of Funds:

Post-acquisition, borrowing costs are expected to decrease, with:

• 25 basis points reduction in exit cost.
• 40 basis points reduction in incremental borrowing costs.

Improvement attributed to Warburg Pincus’s strong network and credibility.

Capital Infusion: The ₹1,225 crore investment will support the company’s growth, expanding its lending portfolio and operational capabilities.

Leadership Perspective: Ravi Subramanian, Managing Director and CEO, emphasized that the rebranding reflects a continued focus on customer-centricity, transparency, and trust while maintaining operational continuity.

Future Outlook

• Strengthening its leadership in the affordable housing finance sector.
• Commitment to portfolio quality, yield, and margin preservation.
• Enhancing accessibility to affordable home loans, supporting socio-economic inclusivity.

PNB MetLife Joins Hands with Saraswat Bank for Financial Inclusion

• On January 15, 2025, PNB MetLife India Insurance Company Ltd. partnered with Saraswat Co-Operative Bank Ltd., India’s largest urban co-operative bank.
• Objective: To provide comprehensive life insurance solutions—savings, protection, retirement, and group plans—to Saraswat Bank’s 30 lakh customers across 302 branches.

Strategic Vision

• Address India’s insurance protection gap by combining Saraswat Bank’s extensive customer base and legacy with PNB MetLife’s insurance expertise.
• Cater to customers’ financial needs across life stages, offering essential financial protection and wealth-building opportunities.

Statements from Leadership

Sameer Bansal, MD & CEO, PNB MetLife:

• Emphasized the role of wide-reaching distribution channels in making insurance accessible.
• Highlighted the partnership as a step toward bridging the insurance gap in India.

Arti Patil, MD & CEO, Saraswat Bank: Stated the collaboration aligns with Saraswat Bank’s commitment to delivering comprehensive financial services to customers.

About PNB MetLife

Combines the financial strength of MetLife, Inc. with Punjab National Bank (PNB).

• Offers a diverse product portfolio, including child education, family protection, savings, and retirement plans.
• As of November 30, 2024:
• Operates 155 branches.
• Serves customers in over 19,000 locations via bank partnerships.

About Saraswat Bank

• Founded: Over 100 years ago, it is India’s largest urban co-operative bank.
• Presence: Operates in six states—Maharashtra, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, and Delhi—with over 300 branches and ATMs.
• Business: Total business of over ₹82,000 crore as of March 31, 2024.

Offers a wide range of personal and business banking solutions, tailored to diverse customer needs.

PNB meta life:

• CEO: Ashish Kumar Srivastava (1 Oct 2017–)
• Date founded: 2001
• Headquarters: Mumbai

Appointment news

Punjab National Bank and Indian Bank Appoint New MDs and CEOs

On January 16, 2025, the Indian government appointed new Managing Directors and Chief Executive Officers for two major public sector banks: Ashok Chandra at Punjab National Bank (PNB) and Binod Kumar at Indian Bank.

Punjab National Bank (PNB)

New Appointment: Ashok Chandra appointed as Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO).

Tenure:

• Three-year term.
• Age: 57.

Indian Bank New Appointment:

Binod Kumar appointed as MD and CEO.

Tenure:

• Three-year term, with eligibility for an extension of up to two years based on performance review.
• Age: 55.

Vineet Joshi Takes Charge as Secretary of Higher Education

Shri Vineet Joshi has assumed the role of Secretary of the Department of Higher Education in the Ministry of Education, effective  at Shastri Bhawan, New Delhi. Prior to this appointment, Shri Joshi had a distinguished career in various key positions within the Indian educational sector. His vast experience in managing education-related initiatives is expected to bring significant improvements to India’s higher education landscape.

Professional Background

• Chief Secretary of Manipur: Managed key administrative functions in the state.
• Director-General of the National Testing Agency (NTA): Oversaw the operational and strategic direction of educational testing.
• Chairman of CBSE: Guided reforms in school education and examination systems.

Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Education: Contributed to national education policies and initiatives.

Other Key Contributions

• Oversaw Institutes of Eminence (IoE) to enhance the global competitiveness of Indian universities.
• Managed the Higher Education Funding Agency (HEFA) to provide financial support for infrastructure development in higher education.

PV Sindhu Partners with PUMA India

PV Sindhu, the two-time Olympic medallist and a global badminton icon, has forged a multi-year partnership with PUMA India, marking the sportswear giant’s official entry into the badminton domain. This strategic collaboration signifies a landmark moment for badminton in India and aims to capitalize on the sport’s burgeoning popularity, which currently boasts a fan base of 57 million across the country. With this partnership, PUMA aims to deepen its footprint in India’s rapidly expanding sports market, while Sindhu continues to inspire millions with her remarkable achievements.

Overview of the Partnership

• Collaboration: PV Sindhu, two-time Olympic medallist, has entered a multi-year partnership with PUMA India.
• Significance: Marks PUMA’s official entry into badminton in India, a rapidly growing sport with a fan base of 57 million.
• Launch: Partnership begins at the India Open 2025 in New Delhi.

Impact on Indian Badminton

Promoting the Sport:

• Highlights PUMA’s commitment to nurturing young badminton talent.
• Aims to increase the sport’s popularity through strategic initiatives.

Sindhu’s Role:

• As the most-followed badminton athlete globally, Sindhu serves as a brand ambassador, leveraging her legacy of achievements, including Olympic medals and a World Championship title.
• Her association elevates PUMA’s presence in India’s sports market.

Science and tech news

C-DOT and IIT Bombay Unite for Indigenous 6G Optical Chipset

India is making significant strides in next-generation telecommunications technology, with the Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) and the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay (IIT Bombay) signing an agreement for the development of an “Optical Transceiver Chipset for High-Bandwidth 6G Wireless Links.” This initiative, under the Telecom Technology Development Fund (TTDF) 6G Call for Proposals by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), aims to strengthen India’s leadership in 6G innovation and deployment by 2030, with a focus on affordability, sustainability, and ubiquity.

Overview of the Agreement

• Partnership: The Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) and IIT Bombay signed an agreement to develop an Optical Transceiver Chipset for High-Bandwidth 6G Wireless Links.
• Initiative: Part of the Telecom Technology Development Fund (TTDF) 6G Call for Proposals by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT).
• Goal: Strengthen India’s leadership in 6G innovation and deployment by 2030, focusing on affordability, sustainability, and ubiquity.

Key Objectives and Applications

Purpose:

• Enable high-speed communication for rural and challenging terrains.
• Ensure uninterrupted connectivity in remote areas via satellite technology.

Applications:

• Develop free-space coherent optical links for 6G technology.
• Provide high-speed internet in underserved regions.
• Deliver robust connectivity in terrains unsuitable for laying optical fibers.

Stakeholders

C-DOT:

• Premier R&D center under DoT.
• Focused on indigenous development of telecom hardware for 6G.

IIT Bombay:

• Collaborating to enhance R&D capabilities.
• Led by Prof. Shalabh Gupta, the Principal Investigator for the project.

Funding and Leadership: Conducted under the TTDF 6G Call for Proposals, supporting R&D in the 6G ecosystem.

Leadership Comments:

• Dr. Rajkumar Upadhyay (CEO, C-DOT): Highlighted the importance of indigenously developed telecom solutions to align with Atmanirbhar Bharat and the Bharat 6G initiative.
• Prof. Shalabh Gupta (IIT Bombay): Acknowledged the project’s role in advancing cutting-edge telecommunications infrastructure.

Broader Vision and Goals

Research Goals:

• Develop advanced chipsets for seamless 6G connectivity.
• Position India as a global leader in the 6G technology race.

National Development:

• Enhance digital inclusion by addressing connectivity gaps in underserved regions.
• Drive technological self-reliance in telecommunications, aligning with Atmanirbhar Bharat.

We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 16th January 2025 current affairs accurated from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs of 16th January 2025 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation

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National news

Cabinet Nod for 8th Pay Commission Implementation

The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved the constitution of the 8th Central Pay Commission, which will evaluate and recommend revised salary structures and allowances for central government employees and pensioners. This early initiative ensures readiness for implementing the recommendations by January 1, 2026. The commission’s scope encompasses over one crore employees and pensioners, aiming to address compensation, pensions, and welfare enhancements.

Approval and Formation

• The Union Cabinet, chaired by PM Narendra Modi, has approved the 8th Pay Commission.
• A Chairman and two members will be appointed soon, with recommendations ready by January 1, 2026.

Scope and Expectations

• Covers salary, allowance, pension revisions, and welfare enhancements for over one crore central government employees and pensioners.
• Key focus: Dearness Allowance (DA), Dearness Relief (DR), and performance-linked pay.

Key Proposals

• Salary Enhancements: Minimum basic pay may increase from ₹18,000 to ₹51,480.
• Fitment Factor: Expected rise from 2.57 to 2.86 for significant pay hikes.
• Allowance Revisions: Updates to DA, HRA, and TA in line with inflation.
• Pension Reforms: Higher pensions and timely disbursement.
• Performance-Based Pay: Likely introduction of productivity-linked incentives.
• Health and Welfare: Expansion of insurance and welfare measures.

Historical Context

• Pay Commissions review salaries every 10 years, with recommendations based on inflation and economic factors.
• The 7th CPC (constituted in 2014) led to major salary reforms implemented in 2016.

7th CPC Summary

• Revised Pay: Minimum pay increased to ₹18,000; maximum pay set at ₹2,50,000.
• Pay Matrix: Simplified salary progression across 19 levels.
• Allowances: Rationalized DA, HRA, and TA.
• Pensions: Minimum pension raised to ₹9,000, with reforms aligned to the pay matrix.
• Defense: Special provisions for defense personnel to address unique service conditions.

Government’s Proactive Approach: Early constitution of the commission ensures smooth implementation of reforms by 2026.

India-Spain Declare 2026 as ‘Dual Year’ for Culture, Tourism, and AI

In a significant diplomatic development, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar announced that India and Spain will commemorate 2026 as a ‘dual year’ focusing on culture, tourism, and advancements in artificial intelligence (AI). This initiative aims to strengthen bilateral ties and promote mutual understanding between the two nations.

Key Areas of Collaboration

Cultural Exchange

• Events include art exhibitions, music and dance performances, literature festivals, and architectural collaborations.
• Showcase of rich cultural heritages through exhibitions and programs.

Tourism Promotion

• Reciprocal tourism campaigns and direct flight connections.
• Highlighting key tourist attractions through joint marketing campaigns and tourism fairs.

AI Collaboration

• Joint focus on AI research and development in sectors like healthcare, education, and industry.
• Plans to establish AI research centers, host workshops, and organize seminars.
• Bilateral Trade and Economic Cooperation
• Current Trade Volume: USD 10 billion annually.
• Major sectors: Railways, clean technology, drones, and space exploration.
• The initiative is expected to further boost economic ties.

Role of the Indian Diaspora

• Indian community in Spain contributes significantly to economic and societal integration.
• Recognized as a key element in strengthening bilateral relations.

Preparations for 2026

Planning throughout 2025, involving:

• Joint committees and funding arrangements.
• Coordination with cultural and tourism departments.

Significance

• Enhances mutual understanding and partnership in culture, technology, and tourism.
• Positions both nations as forward-looking collaborators in AI and innovation.
• Strengthens economic, social, and cultural bonds.

Economy news

India Set to Surpass Japan as World’s Fourth-Largest Economy by 2026

India is projected to overtake Japan to become the world’s fourth-largest economy by 2026, according to the PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PHDCCI). This optimistic outlook is underpinned by robust GDP growth forecasts and strategic policy recommendations aimed at enhancing economic resilience and fostering sustainable development.

Economic Growth Projection

PHDCCI Outlook:

• India’s GDP growth forecast: 6.8% in FY2024-25 and 7.7% in FY2025-26.
• India is expected to surpass Japan to become the 4th-largest economy by 2026.

Tax Reforms Recommendations

Income Tax Adjustments:

• Raise income tax exemption limit to ₹10 lakh.
• Apply the 30% peak tax rate only for incomes above ₹40 lakh (currently ₹15 lakh).

Business Tax Reductions: Lower tax rates for proprietorships, partnerships, and LLPs from 33% to 25% to enhance business growth.

Monetary Policy Outlook

Inflation Control: CPI inflation expected to fall to 2.5%-4% in the coming quarters.

RBI Measures: Anticipated 25 basis points cut in the benchmark interest rate to reduce borrowing costs and spur economic activity.

• Strategic Growth Sectors
• High-potential sectors driving future growth include:
• Agriculture and Food Processing
• Fintech
• Semiconductors
• Renewable Energy
• Healthcare and Insurance
• Focus on Sustainable Development

Attracting global investments and ensuring long-term progress through environmentally and socially responsible growth strategies.

Significance: This transition highlights India’s economic resilience, policy efficiency, and emerging dominance in global markets.

Banking news

NPCI and Magnati Partner to Boost UPI Use in UAE

NPCI International Payments Ltd (NIPL), the international arm of India’s National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), has partnered with UAE-based fintech firm Magnati to enable Unified Payments Interface (UPI) transactions for Indian travelers in the UAE. This collaboration aims to integrate UPI into the UAE’s payment ecosystem, allowing Indian visitors to use their preferred payment method seamlessly.

Partnership Overview

• Entities Involved: NPCI International Payments Ltd (NIPL) and UAE-based Magnati.
• Objective: Enable Unified Payments Interface (UPI) transactions for Indian travelers in the UAE.
• Integration: QR-based UPI payments will be accepted through point-of-sale (POS) terminals.

Key Details

• Initial Rollout: Launching at Dubai Duty Free, with plans to expand to sectors like retail, hospitality, transport, and supermarkets.
• Target Audience: Caters to over 12 million Indian visitors annually, providing a seamless payment experience abroad.

UPI’s Global Reach:

• UPI is currently accepted in seven countries, including Bhutan, Mauritius, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and France.
• Over 16 billion transactions processed in December 2024 alone.

Future Plans:

• Collaborations with countries like the UAE and Mauritius to develop card schemes similar to RuPay.
• Magnati: A Leader in Payment Solutions

Core Expertise:

• Specializes in direct acquiring, issuer processing, and acquiring processing.
• Offers next-generation payment platforms to enhance customer experience and operational efficiency.

Global Presence:

• Headquartered in Abu Dhabi, Magnati leverages strong international networks to provide transformative payment solutions.
• Known for setting new standards in payment innovation.

NPCI International Payments Ltd (NIPL)

Foundation:

• Established on April 3, 2020, as a subsidiary of NPCI.
• Focuses on taking NPCI’s payment technologies global.

Key Innovations:

• Unified Payments Interface (UPI): India’s real-time payment system.
• RuPay Card Scheme: Expanding domestic card networks globally.

Mission: Deploy real-time payment systems and card schemes in countries seeking advanced payment infrastructure.

science and tech news

ISRO Successfully Docks Satellites, Enters Elite Club

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully docked two satellites in space, marking India as the fourth country to achieve this feat after the United States, Russia, and China. The docking process, part of the SpaDeX (Space Docking Exercise) mission, demonstrates ISRO’s capability to conduct autonomous satellite docking. This milestone is critical for future missions like Chandrayaan-4 and the planned Bharatiya Antariksh Station.

Overview

• Achievement: India becomes the 4th country to achieve satellite docking in space.
• Mission Name: SpaDeX (Space Docking Exercise).
• Launch Date: December 30, 2024.
• Satellites: SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target).

Objective: Demonstrate autonomous satellite docking technology to enable advanced space missions.

India’s Hydrogen Train Engine Sets a Power Benchmark

India’s Railway Minister, Ashwini Vaishnaw, recently shared a remarkable achievement in the field of green energy technology during the 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas. Indian Railways has developed the world’s most powerful hydrogen fuel-run train engine, setting a new benchmark in global railway innovation. The engine, built with indigenous technology, reflects India’s growing capabilities in green energy and sustainable development.

Key Features

Highest Horsepower:

Engine generates 1,200 horsepower, surpassing the 500-600 horsepower engines of other nations.

Trial Run:

• Scheduled for the Jind-Sonipat route in Haryana.
• Manufacturing is complete, with system integration underway.
• Indigenous Technology and Self-Reliance
• Developed entirely with Indian expertise, showcasing advancements in green energy and sustainable transport solutions.

Reflects India’s capability in driving innovation for self-reliance (Aatmanirbhar Bharat).

Broader Applications

The hydrogen-powered engine technology can be adapted for use in other transport sectors, such as:

• Trucks.
• Tugboats.

Vision for the Future

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Aspiration: India aims to manufacture fully indigenous trains, enhancing national pride and economic growth.

State news

Odisha Government Announces ₹20,000 Pension for Emergency Detainees

The Odisha state government has announced a significant welfare measure for individuals who were jailed during the Emergency period from 1975 to 1977. As of January 1, 2025, all surviving detainees from Odisha will receive a monthly pension of ₹20,000, along with medical coverage and other benefits. This move is part of the government’s effort to honor and support those who were imprisoned under the Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA) during the Emergency declared by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

Key Provisions

Monthly Pension: ₹20,000 per month for surviving individuals jailed during the 1975-1977 Emergency under the Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA).

Medical Benefits: Free medical treatment under the state’s health welfare schemes.

Eligibility:

• Individuals jailed during the Emergency and alive as of January 1, 2025.
• Required to provide documentation, including an affidavit and co-detainee details.

Application Process:

• Beneficiaries must apply through the Collector and District Magistrate.
• Selection by state and district-level committees.
• Background of the Emergency
• Declared on June 25, 1975, by then PM Indira Gandhi.
• Involved widespread arrests of political opponents without trial under MISA.

Significance

• Recognizes and honors the sacrifices of individuals who opposed the Emergency.
• Provides financial assistance and medical support, acknowledging their role in preserving India’s democracy.

Impact

• A step towards addressing historical injustices.
• Offers practical support to those who endured imprisonment and hardships during a pivotal moment in India’s history.

Award news

Singapore Confers Honorary Citizenship on Tarun Das

Singapore has awarded its highest honor for non-citizens, the Honorary Citizen Award, to Tarun Das, former Director General of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), in recognition of his significant contributions to strengthening Singapore-India relations.

Overview

• Awarded to: Tarun Das, former Director General of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII).
• Honor: Singapore’s Honorary Citizen Award, its highest accolade for non-citizens.
• Date and Location: Presented by President Tharman Shanmugaratnam in New Delhi, January 15, 2025.

Contributions to Bilateral Ties

Economic and Strategic Relations:

• Key role in strengthening India-Singapore relations over decades.
• Instrumental in initiating India’s “Look East” policy with a delegation of Indian industrialists to Singapore in 1993.

Dialogue Platforms:

• Founder of the India-Singapore Strategic Dialogue, promoting collaboration between business leaders, policymakers, and academics.
• The dialogue’s 15th edition was held in August 2024, highlighting its lasting importance.

People-to-People Connections:

• Director of the Singapore-India Partnership Foundation, fostering youth and academic exchanges.
• Launched the Students Immersion Programme in 2023, involving students from the Singapore University of Social Sciences.

Recognition of Achievements

• Previous Honor: Received the Singapore Public Service Medal in 2004.
• Significance of Award: Reflects his pivotal role in advancing economic, strategic, and cultural partnerships between the two nations.

Personal Reflection: Das expressed deep gratitude, emphasizing his 31-year journey with Singapore and the evolution of a multi-faceted partnership, which he referred to as the “Singapore-India Fever.”

Impact

• Strengthened bilateral trade, policy alignment, and cultural understanding.
• Cemented India’s position as a strategic partner for Singapore in Southeast Asia.

Sports news

Smriti Mandhana Smashes India’s Fastest Women’s ODI Century!

Indian opener Smriti Mandhana broke multiple records in the 3rd ODI against Ireland Women at the Niranjan Shah Stadium, Rajkot. Leading the team in the absence of Harmanpreet Kaur, Mandhana scored the fastest century by an Indian in women’s ODIs, showcasing her dominance. Her record-breaking performance and partnership with Pratika Rawal contributed to India’s strong showing in the series.

Key Records by Smriti Mandhana

• Fastest Century by an Indian in Women’s ODIs: Scored 100 off just 70 balls, surpassing Harmanpreet Kaur’s 87-ball record.
• First Indian Woman with 10 ODI Centuries: Joins Tammy Beaumont (Australia) in third place on the all-time list.
• Most ODI Hundreds: Fourth position overall, tied with Suzie Bates (10 centuries).

Aggressive Batting:

Hit 7 sixes and 12 fours, equaling the record for most sixes in a Women’s ODI innings.

Partnership Milestone

• 233-run opening stand with Pratika Rawal:
• India’s third-highest partnership in Women’s ODIs.

Historical Comparisons

Most Hundreds in Women’s ODIs:

• 15: Meg Lanning.
• 13: Suzie Bates.
• 10: Tammy Beaumont, Smriti Mandhana.

Highest Partnerships for India-W in ODIs:

• 320: Punam Raut & Deepti Sharma vs Ireland (2017).
• 258:* Mithali Raj & Reshma Gandhi vs Ireland (1999).
• 233: Smriti Mandhana & Pratika Rawal vs Ireland (2025).

Significance

• Smriti Mandhana’s performance underscores her status as one of the world’s finest batters in women’s cricket.
• Her leadership and aggressive batting style set a benchmark for future Indian cricketers.
• The Mandhana-Rawal partnership further solidifies India’s dominance in women’s ODI cricket.

Arjun Erigaisi Stuns Chess World with Wins Against Carlsen, Caruana

Indian grandmaster Arjun Erigaisi achieved a remarkable feat in the online chess community by defeating World No. 1 Magnus Carlsen and World No. 2 Fabiano Caruana in the Titled Tuesday weekly blitz competition conducted by Chess.com. This competition, held in the early hours of Tuesday, was fiercely contested, and Erigaisi’s performance stood out as he finished with 10 points out of 11 rounds, marking his dominance in the event.

Key Highlights

Remarkable Wins:

• Round 10: Victory against Magnus Carlsen.
• Round 11: Victory against Fabiano Caruana.

Performance Summary:

• Final Points: Tied at 10 points with Hikaru Nakamura but secured the top spot on tiebreaks.
• Only Loss: Against Hikaru Nakamura in round 7.
• Participation: Over 900 players, including top grandmasters, participated.

Nakamura’s Praise:

Described the event as “the world’s strongest tournament.”

Arjun’s Achievements in 2024

• Chess Olympiad: Played a crucial role in India’s Chess Olympiad victory.
• WR Chess Masters Cup: Won the prestigious title in London.
• Elo Rating: Became the second Indian (after Viswanathan Anand) to surpass the 2800 Elo rating mark.
• FIDE Rapid Championship: Finished fifth in the championship but missed qualifying for the 2026 Candidates Tournament.

Significance

• Global Recognition: Arjun’s victory in a highly competitive blitz event showcases his growing dominance in the global chess community.
• Consistency: His performances in both rapid and classical formats highlight his all-round ability.
• Indian Chess Legacy: Continues to strengthen India’s presence on the global chess stage, following in the footsteps of Anand.

Defence news

Indian Army Conducts Exercise ‘Devil Strike’

The Indian Armed Forces are set to conduct a major military exercise, Exercise Devil Strike, from January 16 to 19, 2025. The exercise, which is being organized under the leadership of the Indian Army, aims to enhance the combat readiness of the forces by simulating high-intensity combat operations. This exercise is expected to feature advanced strategies and innovative combat techniques to strengthen national security and ensure effective defense against external threats. It also serves as a test of the synchronization between various branches of the Indian military, ensuring a well-coordinated response to potential challenges.

Objectives

• Operational Enhancement: Strengthen combat readiness, particularly in high-altitude terrains.
• Joint Force Coordination: Involves Army, Air Force, and Special Forces for synchronized operations.
• Advanced Tactics: Focus on real-time simulations, technological integration, and response to complex warfare scenarios.

Significance

• Strategic Relevance: Crucial in addressing security challenges in northern and western sectors, especially amid rising geopolitical tensions.
• Modernization: Highlights India’s push towards integrating high-tech equipment and advanced warfare techniques.

Building on Past Exercises

• Previous Efforts: Exercises like Shakti and Vajra Prahar emphasized joint force collaboration and counter-terrorism.
• New Dimension: Devil Strike focuses on advanced battlefield strategies and high-intensity combat simulations, tailored for evolving defense scenarios.

14th and 15th Current Affairs