Title: First resort: On Donald Trump’s mass deportation drive
Donald Trump’s mass deportation drive hit its first hurdle on Sunday (January 26, 2025) when Colombian President Gustavo Petro refused permission to two United States military planes carrying migrants to land. A furious Mr. Trump announced that the U.S. would impose a 25% tariff on all Colombian goods, which would be raised to 50%. The U.S. also threatened to impose banking and financial sanctions and issue travel bans on Colombian officials and associates. Mr. Petro, a former guerrilla, responded in kind by saying Colombia would also impose tariffs up to 50% on American goods and refused to “shake hands with white slaveholders”. But Bogota, under pressure, eventually accepted to take back the migrants “with dignity and respect”. A trade war would have been bad news for both countries whose bilateral trade stood at $53.5 billion in 2022, with a $4 billion surplus for the U.S. High tariffs would have been a body blow for Colombia, as the U.S. is its largest trading partner. With tariffs and financial and political sanctions, America could cripple Colombia’s economy and destabilise its polity at a time when its fight with guerrillas is escalating after a lull. Unsurprisingly, Mr. Petro backtracked and agreed to accept what the White House said was “all its terms”.
Colombia and other South American countries have been taking undocumented migrants back from the U.S. in recent years. In January, there were 90 deportation flights from the U.S. to its southern neighbours, eight of which landed in Colombia. But what turned a regular exercise into a controversy was the handling of the deportation by the Trump administration — the use of mostly military planes, which angered the Colombians. Mr. Petro also raised concerns about the way migrants were treated by the U.S. Earlier, Brazil had also raised complaints of “degrading treatment” of its deported citizens. They were handcuffed, and some of them were not given water or allowed to use the washroom during the flight, according to Brazilian officials. But Mr. Trump does not seem to care. He wanted to make an example of Colombia so that other neighbours will not challenge his handling of the mass deportation. He may have forced Colombia to backtrack for now, using America’s economic muscle, but this kind of coercion could backfire in the long run in a region where America has always tried to maintain its geopolitical hegemony. And the inhumane conditions in which hundreds of migrants are being deported everyday is a blot on America’s tall claims of protecting human rights. A better way of handling this crisis is through diplomacy. Instead of imposing his will on other countries through threats of tariffs and sanctions, Mr. Trump could use the diplomatic channel, seek consensus and then implement his policy in a much more cordial way. But for Mr. Trump, alas, coercion is the first resort.
Meaning of the word:
Word
Meaning
Synonyms
Antonyms
Hurdle
Something that makes progress or achievement more difficult; a challenge or problem to overcome.
Obstacle Barrier Difficulty Impediment
Advantage Aid Support Assistance
Destabilise
Destabilize means to make something unstable or less steady. It refers to actions or events that weaken the stability of a system, structure, organization, or situation, often causing chaos or disruption.
Unsettle Disrupt Weaken Sabotage
Stabilize Strengthen Secure Fortify
Deportation
Deportation refers to the act of formally removing a person from a country, typically because they have violated immigration laws, committed a crime, or are considered a threat to public safety.
Title: India with Indonesia: on ancient ties to a new phase
Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto’s visit to India, as chief guest at the Republic Day parade, was replete with the symbolism of historically important ties between the two countries, albeit short on concrete outcomes. India and Indonesia’s ancient ties, that rest on trade and travel to the spread of an adapted form of Javanese Hinduism, as well as the use of Vedic scriptures and Sanskrit works, have given the two countries a formidable engagement. In the previous century, it was their solidarity against imperialism, which led to independent India’s support to Indonesian leaders fighting Dutch colonialism, with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru banning Dutch overflights and sending Indian planes to evacuate the Indonesian Prime Minister and Vice President — in an article in The Hindu on January 5, 1950, Indonesia’s first President, Sukarno, wrote about Indonesia’s gratitude. Next, India and Indonesia were united by their aversion to great power politics. They supported the creation of the non-aligned movement (NAM), beginning with the Bandung Conference. Ties were also forged by their innate similarities as two Asian nations that dominated South Asia and South-East Asia by size. Both were countries where large religious majorities practised tolerance towards sizable minorities, as well as economic powerhouses committed to an equitable development of their large populations. In the recent past, ties have been spurred by common concerns over western sanctions after the start of the Ukraine war, U.S.-China rivalry and China’s aggression in the Indo-Pacific, worries over “food, fertilizer and fuel” security and a weakening multilateral order. Their efforts to forge consensus at the G-20 summits in Bali (2022) and Delhi (2023), will now be put to further use as Indonesia has joined BRICS. In that sense, Mr. Subianto’s visit, in the 75th year of bilateral ties, is a full circle: from Bandung to an enlarged BRICS.
Given the historical, strategic and geopolitical importance of relations, the announcements were more modest than expected. There were five MoUs in health, traditional medicine, maritime security, digital development and cultural cooperation and the joint statement referred to strengthening defence cooperation. However, no specific progress was announced on the sale of India’s Brahmos missile, or on the Sabang port project and Aceh-Andamans connectivity initiatives. The joint statement was also pointedly non-committal on their world view, despite their similar positions on recent geopolitical conflicts, and initiatives to engage the Trump administration and China. India’s Republic Day invitation and Mr. Subianto’s visit, fresh in his presidential term, are, however, an important statement for both capitals to make. There is the impetus for the two Asian powers to forge the next phase in their ties.
Meaning of the word:
Word
Meaning
Synonyms
Antonyms
Replete
Replete means full, often in a satisfying way.
FullFilled Abundant Sated
Empty Devoid Lacking Deficient
Formidable
The word “formidable” refers to something or someone that inspires fear, admiration, or respect due to being impressively large, powerful, intense, or capable
Intimidating Daunting Imposing Fearsome
Weak Feeble Unimpressive Easy
Impetus
A driving force or stimulus that causes something to happen or progress
Test your knowledge with the latest quiz on current affairs from 9th January 2025 Current Affairs Quiz ! Stay updated and challenge yourself with key events and happenings around the world.
1.Which port is designated to become a mega terminal port and a key hub for green hydrogen once its cargo carrying capacity reaches 300 million metric tonnes?
Explanation: Union Minister for Ports, Shipping, and Waterways Sarbananda Sonowal mentioned that the Deendayal Port in Kandla will evolve into a mega terminal port and a vital hub for green hydrogen once it achieves a cargo carrying capacity of 300 million metric tonnes.
2.
How much cashless treatment is provided for road accident survivors under the new initiative announced by Union Minister Nitin Gadkari?
Explanation: Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways, Nitin Gadkari, announced that road accident survivors will receive cashless treatment of up to ₹1.5 lakh for seven days under the new initiative. This scheme is set to be expanded across all states by March 2025.
3.Which president has accepted India’s invitation to be the chief guest at the 2025 Republic Day parade?
Explanation: Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto has formally accepted India’s invitation to be the chief guest at the 2025 Republic Day parade. This visit is seen as a significant step in strengthening India-Indonesia relations and is aligned with the Act East Policy, which is a priority in Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s third term.
4.How much capital expenditure (capex) has Indian Railways surpassed in the fiscal year 2024-25 by December 2024?
Explanation: Indian Railways achieved a significant milestone by surpassing ₹2 lakh crore in capital expenditure (capex) by December 2024, which accounts for 76% of its budgetary allocation for the fiscal year 2024-25 (FY25). This achievement highlights the strong progress in infrastructure development within the railways sector.
5.Which country has officially become the 11th full member of the BRICS group?
Explanation: Indonesia has officially become the 11th full member of the BRICS group of emerging economies. This development was announced by Brazil, which holds the presidency of BRICS for 2025. Indonesia’s membership was endorsed by BRICS leaders at the Johannesburg summit in 2023, aligning with efforts to reform global governance institutions and strengthen cooperation within the Global South.
6.What is the projected real GDP growth for India in FY 2024-25 according to the National Statistical Office (NSO)?
Explanation: The National Statistical Office (NSO) projects India’s real GDP growth for FY 2024-25 at 6.4%, a slowdown from the 8.2% growth recorded in FY 2023-24. This projection is slightly below the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)’s forecast of 6.6% for the same period. The slowdown is attributed to weaker performance in the manufacturing and services sectors, while agriculture and construction sectors are expected to show positive growth.
7.What is the government’s fiscal deficit target for the fiscal year 2024-25?
Explanation: The government’s fiscal deficit target for the fiscal year 2024-25 is 4.9% of GDP. Despite a downward revision in India’s GDP growth forecast, the fiscal deficit target remains attainable. The government plans to offset the lower GDP growth by reducing capital expenditure, ensuring minimal impact on the fiscal deficit.
8.Which state is organizing the 18th Pravasi Bhartiya Divas Convention in January 2025?
Explanation: The 18th Pravasi Bhartiya Divas Convention will be hosted in Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Odisha, from 8-10 January 2025. This marks the first time that Bhubaneswar is hosting the biannual event. Additionally, the Youth Pravasi Bharatiya Divas will be held in Bhubaneswar on 8 January 2025.
10.Which state launched the Shahid Madho Singh Haath Kharcha Scheme for Scheduled Tribe students in January 2025?
Explanation: The Shahid Madho Singh Haath Kharcha Scheme was launched by Odisha Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi on January 7, 2025, at the Adivasi Mela in Bhubaneswar. The scheme aims to reduce dropout rates among Scheduled Tribe (ST) students by providing ₹5,000 as one-time financial assistance to students enrolling in Class IX and Class XI, with eligibility for families having an annual income not exceeding ₹2,50,000.
11.Who has been appointed as the 11th chairman of ISRO and secretary of the Department of Space (DOS)?
Explanation: V. Narayanan has been appointed as the 11th chairman of ISRO and secretary of the Department of Space (DOS). He will succeed the current chairman, S. Somanth, and assume office on 14 January 2025. His appointment was approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet in a meeting chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 7 January 2025. His term is for two years, effective from 14 January 2025.
12.How many languages have been added to the e-Shram portal to make it accessible to unorganised workers?
Explanation: The e-Shram portal has been upgraded to support all 22 scheduled languages of India, making it more accessible to unorganised workers across the country. This enhancement was launched by Union Minister of Labour and Employment Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya and is facilitated through the Bhashini project by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. The previous versions of the portal supported only a few languages such as English, Hindi, Kannada, and Marathi.
13.On which date is Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (NRI Day) celebrated annually in India?
Explanation: Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (NRI Day) is celebrated annually on January 9th in India to honour and engage with the Indian diaspora worldwide. The event aims to strengthen the relationship between India and its overseas citizens and utilize their expertise and resources for the nation’s development.
Test your knowledge with the latest quiz on current affairs from 8th January 2025 Current Affairs Quiz ! Stay updated and challenge yourself with key events and happenings around the world.
1.What is the theme of the 2025 Government of India Calendar?
A) “Digital India for a Sustainable Future”
B) “Women Empowerment for a Progressive India”
C) “Janbhagidari se Jankalyan” (Welfare through Public Participation)
C) “Janbhagidari se Jankalyan” (Welfare through Public Participation)
Explanation: The theme of the 2025 Government of India Calendar is “Janbhagidari se Jankalyan“, which translates to “Welfare through Public Participation”. This theme emphasizes transformative governance with a focus on poverty alleviation, women empowerment, and infrastructure development. It highlights the government’s commitment to inclusivity, transparency, and participatory governance, demonstrating the positive impact of such governance over the past decade.
2.Where is the Indusfood 2025 festival going to take place?
Explanation: Indusfood 2025, the country’s farm-to-fork trade exhibition, will take place in Delhi-NCR. The event is set to kick off with the participation of over 2,300 exhibitors from more than 30 countries. This edition will feature networking opportunities, trade fairs, and industry-specific summits, aiming to enhance India’s global position in the food trade industry.
3.Who inaugurated the Gandhi Darshan Art Gallery at Rajghat, New Delhi?
Explanation: The Gandhi Darshan Art Gallery at Rajghat, New Delhi was inaugurated by Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla. The gallery features artwork from over 80 artists who have portrayed Mahatma Gandhi in unique and modern styles. During the inauguration, Om Birla emphasized the global relevance of Gandhian Philosophy and its importance in educating today’s youth. The gallery aims to deepen the understanding of Gandhian principles and his crucial role in India’s freedom struggle.
4.Which state announced a $1 million prize for deciphering the mysterious Indus Valley script?
Explanation: Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin announced a $1 million prize for experts or organizations that succeed in deciphering the mysterious Indus Valley script. This significant announcement was made at a three-day International Conference in Chennai, marking the centenary of the discovery of the Indus Valley Civilisation. The Chief Minister highlighted the importance of unraveling this ancient script and emphasized Tamil Nadu’s commitment to supporting research and archaeological endeavors.
5.Which state announced a ₹15 crore sponsorship deal for the Indian national kho kho team?
Explanation: The Odisha government, under the leadership of Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi, announced a significant ₹15 crore sponsorship deal for the Indian national kho kho team. This sponsorship will be spread over three years, with the state investing ₹5 crore annually from January 2025 to December 2027, funded through the Odisha Mining Corporation. The deal aims to enhance the prominence of the sport both nationally and internationally.
6.In 2024, after adding 8 tonnes of gold to its reserves, India became the second-largest gold buyer globally. What is India’s total gold holding as of November 2024?
Explanation: In November 2024, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) added 8 tonnes of gold to its reserves, bringing India’s total gold holdings to 876 tonnes. This move made India the second-largest gold buyer globally for 2024, following Poland, which added 21 tonnes of gold. The addition of 8 tonnes brought India’s total purchases for the year to 73 tonnes.
7.With the inauguration of new metro rail stretches in January 2024, India has surpassed 1,000 km of operational metro rail network. What position does India now hold in terms of the largest operational metro networks in the world?
Explanation: India has officially surpassed 1,000 km of operational metro rail network, making it the third-largest operational metro network in the world, following China and the United States. This significant achievement was marked by the inauguration of key stretches, including Delhi Metro Phase-IV and the Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut Namo Bharat Corridor. These developments are part of India’s growing metro infrastructure, which is expanding rapidly to meet the transportation needs of its urban population.
8.In 2024, India became the second most targeted nation globally for cyberattacks. How many entities in India fell victim to data theft?
Explanation: According to CloudSEK’s ThreatLandscape Report 2024, India became the second-most targeted country globally for cyberattacks, with 95 entities falling victim to data theft. The United States topped the list with 140 attacks, while Israel ranked third with 57 attacks. This highlights the growing concern of cyber threats in India, emphasizing the need for stronger cybersecurity measures.
10.Who has been appointed as the new CEO of the Delhi Waqf Board by Lieutenant Governor V.K. Saxena?
Explanation: Azimul Haque, an IAS officer, has been appointed as the new CEO of the Delhi Waqf Board by Lieutenant Governor V.K. Saxena. The appointment came amid criticism from the L-G, who accused the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) government of procedural lapses and handling the matter in a casual manner. This change in leadership aims to strengthen the functioning of the board.
11.Who has been elected as the new President of the Athletics Federation of India (AFI)?
Explanation: Bahadur Singh Sagoo, an Asian Games champion in Men’s Shot Put, has been elected as the new President of the Athletics Federation of India (AFI). His election was announced during the two-day Annual General Assembly Meeting of the federation in Chandigarh. He succeeds Adille Sumariwalla, who had served as the AFI President since 2012. Sagoo will face significant challenges ahead, including overseeing the World Athletics Continental Tour level event, which India will host for the first time on August 10, 2024.
12.Which country did the Indian Navy’s INS Tushil visit for its inaugural port visit?
Explanation: The Indian Navy’s INS Tushil, a guided missile ship, successfully completed its inaugural port visit to Dakar, Senegal. The three-day visit highlighted the growing naval cooperation between India and Senegal. During the visit, Captain Peter Varghese of INS Tushil engaged with Rear Admiral Abdou Sene, the Chief of Staff of the Senegalese Navy, to discuss strengthening naval cooperation and advancing shared maritime security initiatives between the two nations.
13.What is the theme of Aero India 2025, Asia’s premier aerospace exhibition?
Explanation: The theme of Aero India 2025, Asia’s premier aerospace exhibition, is “The Runway to a Billion Opportunities.” This theme aims to bolster India’s position in the global aerospace sector and foster international partnerships. The event is scheduled to take place from February 10 to 14, 2025, at Air Force Station, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, and will focus on showcasing India’s growing aerospace capabilities.
14.What prestigious award did Lionel Messi receive from the United States?
Explanation: Lionel Messi, captain of the Argentina men’s football team, received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom, which is the highest civilian award in the United States. Messi becomes the second footballer to receive this prestigious honor, following Megan Rapinoe in 2022. This award recognizes Messi’s profound global influence both on and off the pitch, with his exceptional contributions to the sport of football and his societal impact.
15.In which state was the country’s first-ever organic fisheries cluster launched?
Explanation: The country’s first-ever organic fisheries cluster was launched in Sikkim, a state known for its sustainable agricultural practices. This initiative was launched by Union Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Minister Rajiv Ranjan Singh in Soreng District, Sikkim. The cluster aims to promote ecologically sustainable and chemical-free fish farming practices, providing organic, antibiotic-free, and pesticide-free fish. This aligns with Sikkim’s reputation for embracing organic farming and highlights the state’s leadership in sustainable agriculture.
16.What is the purpose of the BHARATPOL portal developed by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)?
A) To enhance national security and border control
B) To facilitate real-time international police assistance via INTERPOL
C) To provide online crime reporting services for citizens
B) To facilitate real-time international police assistance via INTERPOL
Explanation: The BHARATPOL portal, developed by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), aims to facilitate real-time international police assistance for Indian law enforcement agencies through INTERPOL. The portal is designed to enhance communication between Indian law enforcement agencies and INTERPOL, thereby improving coordination in combating transnational crimes. This initiative will significantly contribute to India’s efforts in tackling global criminal activities.
17.Where was the first photographic evidence of the elusive Pallas’s cat captured in India?
Explanation: The first photographic evidence of the elusive Pallas’s cat in India was captured in the Kinnaur area of Himachal Pradesh during a snow leopard survey. This rare photograph provides valuable insights into the presence and distribution of this enigmatic species in India, adding to the growing understanding of its habitat and behavior. Pallas’s cats are known for being nocturnal and elusive, making such sightings exceptionally rare and significant.
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Union Minister Piyush Goyal sets target of 10,000 GI tags by 2030
Union Minister of Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal has set an ambitious target to achieve 10,000 Geographical Indication (GI) Tags by 2030. Speaking at the GI Samagam event in New Delhi, Mr. Goyal outlined the government’s strategy to meet this goal through a whole-of-government approach, including the formation of a committee to oversee the implementation.
Key Highlights
Current Status: Number of GI Tags Issued to Date: 605 tags have been granted so far.
Intellectual Property Ecosystem Growth:
GI Tags: Increase in authorized users of GI tags from 365 to 29,000.
Patents Granted: The number of patents granted has risen from 6,000 to 1 lakh in the past 10 years.
Government’s Efforts Under Prime Minister Modi: The government has made concerted efforts to promote the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) ecosystem, supporting the Prime Minister’s vision of ‘Vikas bhi aur Virasat bhi’ (Development and Heritage).
Collaboration for Branding and Quality: Emphasis on improving branding for GI products, including collaboration with FSSAI and BIS to ensure better quality standards.
India Inaugurates CSIR Mega Innovation Complex in Mumbai
On January , 2025, Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh inaugurated India’s first-of-its-kind CSIR MegaInnovation Complex in Mumbai, marking a significant milestone in the nation’s innovation landscape. This state-of-the-art facility is designed to bolster start-ups, micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), and industry stakeholders by providing high-end scientific infrastructure and expertise.
Key Features of the Innovation Complex
Infrastructure and Facilities:
Nine Floors of cutting-edge infrastructure.
24 Incubation Labs equipped for specialized research.
Office Spaces and Networking Zones to encourage collaboration and innovation.
Tailored to support the growth of start-ups and MSMEs.
Support for Regulatory Compliance:
Bridges the gap between research and industry.
Focus on regulatory studies, technology transfer, and addressing sector-specific challenges in areas like:
Healthcare
Chemicals
Energy
Materials Science
Collaboration and Partnerships:
Fosters collaboration among start-ups, MSMEs, and CSIR’s network of researchers.
Supports the vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India).
Strategic Collaborations and Achievements
Memoranda of Association:
Six MoUs signed between CSIR and institutes like IIT Bombay, iCreate, and NRDC.
These MoUs aim to strengthen industry-academic collaborations and boost innovation.
Technology Transfers:
Fifty technology transfers from CSIR institutes to start-ups, MSMEs, and other institutions.
This promotes commercialization of research and enhances entrepreneurship.
Centre Hikes MSP on Jute, Promises 66.8% Returns for farmers
The Centre has made a significant decision to increase the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for raw jute by Rs 315, setting it at Rs 5,650 per quintal for the 2025-26 marketing season. This move, approved by the Union Cabinet, aims to provide farmers with a return of 66.8 per cent over the all-India weighted average cost of production, thus encouraging farmers to invest in jute cultivation.
Increase in MSP for Raw Jute (2025-26)
New MSP: ₹5,650 per quintal, up by ₹315 from the 2024-25 rate of ₹5,335.
Return to Farmers: 66.8% over the all-India weighted average cost of production.
Historical Growth: MSP for raw jute has increased 2.35 times since 2014-15.
Impact: Expected to boost jute production and provide better financial incentives for farmers.
2. Extension of the National Health Mission (NHM)
Duration: Extended for an additional five years.
Achievements:
Added 1.2 million healthcare workers between 2021 and 2022.
Played a critical role during the Covid-19 pandemic, supporting vaccination drives and public health campaigns.
Enhanced healthcare access in rural and underserved areas.
These decisions reflect the government’s commitment to supporting farmers and strengthening healthcare infrastructure in India.
India Launches Diamond Imprest Authorization (DIA) Scheme to Boost Diamond Sector Exports
In January 2025, the Department of Commerce (DOC) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I) introduced the Diamond Imprest Authorization (DIA) Scheme, effective from April 1, 2025. The scheme aims to enhance the global competitiveness of India’s diamond sector by encouraging value addition and increasing exports.
Key Features of the DIA Scheme
Duty-Free Import: Allows duty-free importation of Natural Cut and Polished Diamonds weighing less than 4 carats (25 cents), promoting value addition.
Export Requirement: Exports under the scheme must have at least 10% value added.
Eligibility: Diamond exporters with USD 15 million in annual exports and Two Star Export House status or higher are eligible for the benefits.
Diamond Imprest License (DIL):
Validity: 1 year for import and 18 months for export.
Value: 5% of the average of the past 3 years’ exports, with a maximum value of USD 15 million per exporter annually.
Import and Export Conditions:
Diamonds imported under the Actual User Condition.
Import/Export will be restricted to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, Mumbai (Maharashtra).
Focus on MSME Competitiveness: Aimed at Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), providing a level playing field to compete against larger exporters.
India Launches First-ever Survey on Edible Oil Consumption Patterns
On January 9, 2025, the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (MOA&FW) launched the first-ever survey on the “My Gov” portal to assess edible oil consumption patterns across India. This initiative is crucial for supporting the effective implementation of the National Mission on Edible Oils-Oilseeds (NMEO-Oilseeds) and addressing the absence of recent data on edible oil consumption in the country.
Key Details
Objective:
To gather data on edible oil consumption patterns, aiding the formulation of policies for the NMEO-Oilseeds.
India is the world’s largest consumer and importer of edible oils, and accurate data is essential for managing supply and demand effectively.
Survey Duration: The questionnaire-based survey runs from January 9 to February 23, 2025, for a period of 45 days.
Industry Insight: Reports indicate that India’s per capita annual consumption (PCAC) of edible oils has surpassed 20 kg, significantly higher than the recommended limits of 12 kg by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and 13 kg by the World Health Organization (WHO).
About the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (MOA&FW)
Union Minister: Shivraj Singh Chouhan (Constituency: Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh)
Minister of State (MOS): Ram Nath Thakur (Rajya Sabha, Bihar)
Significance: The survey will provide essential insights into edible oil consumption in India, enabling the government to design targeted interventions to balance consumption and promote healthier alternatives, while also supporting domestic oilseed production under the NMEO-Oilseeds mission.
International news
India and France Strengthen Maritime Security Cooperation
In January 2025, India and France further bolstered their maritime security cooperation during the 7th India-France Maritime Cooperation Dialogue held in New Delhi. This dialogue focused on ensuring peace and security in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), a vital area for global maritime trade.
Key Points
Co-Chairs:
Pavan Kapoor, Deputy National Security Adviser (NSA), Government of India.
Alice Rufo, Director General for International Relations and Strategy, Ministry for the Armed Forces, France.
Maritime Security Focus:
Both countries agreed to analyze threats to maritime security in the IOR, aiming to combat issues such as:
Piracy and armed robbery
Maritime terrorism
Contraband smuggling
Unreported and excessive fishing
Ensuring Secure Sea Lanes: India and France committed to ensuring free and secure access to sea lanes of communication by enhancing their collaboration through maritime assets and organizations.
Maritime Organizations Involved:
Information Fusion Centre-Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR) in Gurugram, India.
Regional Coordination Operations Centre (RCOC) in Seychelles.
Regional Maritime Information Fusion Centre (RMIFC) in Madagascar.
Additional Context India’s Role:India assumes the chairmanship of the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) in 2025 for the next two years, strengthening its leadership in regional maritime security.
Significance: The India-France cooperation on maritime security enhances both nations’ capabilities to address regional challenges in the IOR and contributes to maintaining peace, security, and stability in this strategically important region.
India Joins the Eurodrone Programme as Observer State
In January 2025, India officially joined the Medium Altitude Long Endurance Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (MALE RPAS) or Eurodrone programme as an Observer State. This makes India the second Asia-Pacific country, after Japan, to obtain this status. The move allows India access to technical data and the opportunity to place orders for the Eurodrone aircraft.
Key Details
Approval: The Letter of Approval (LOA) was handed over by Joachim Sucker, Executive Administration Director of the Organisation for Joint Armament Cooperation (OCCAR), to Ajit Gupte, India’s Ambassador to Germany, in Berlin, Germany.
Access and Participation:
India is granted access to technical data and can place orders for the Eurodrone aircraft.
However, India will not participate in decision-making related to the platform’s design, development, or distribution of workshare among participating countries.
About OCCAR
Full Name: Organisation Conjointe de Coopération en matière d’Armement (OCCAR).
Role: An intergovernmental organization that manages and facilitates collaborative armament programs.
Director: Joachim Sucker.
Headquarters: Bonn, Germany.
Established: 1996.
Banking news
RBI’s Strategic Liquidity Infusion to Stabilize Money Markets
To address liquidity constraints in the Indian banking system, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has infused ₹76,000 crore into the financial system through Variable Rate Repo (VRR) auctions. This measure aims to stabilize short-term interest rates, particularly the call money rates, which had been trading above the RBI’s repo rate of 6.5%.
Crux of the Matter
The RBI’s intervention aims to inject liquidity into the banking system, which will:
Lower the Weighted Average Call Rate (WACR).
Align overnight borrowing costs with the repo rate.
Stabilize short-term interest rates, preventing them from rising sharply above the current repo rate.
Key Details
Auction Details (January 20, 2025):
Bids accepted: ₹75,772 crore.
Cut-off rate: 6.51%.
The liquidity injected is scheduled to be reversed on January 21, 2025.
Liquidity Deficit:
As of January 19, 2025, the banking system’s liquidity deficit stood at ₹1.93 lakh crore.
The average deficit in January was ₹1.61 lakh crore.
Market Impact: On January 20, 2025, the WACR closed at 6.60%, indicating overnight borrowing costs were slightly above the repo rate due to the liquidity deficit.
Expert Insights
Alok Singh, Group Head of Treasury at CSB Bank, noted that while daily VRR auctions help reduce volatility in overnight rates, they may not fully address the higher liquidity deficit in the long term.
These measures are seen as short-term interventions to stabilize the market but may require additional steps for durable liquidity.
Historical Context: This intervention follows previous actions, including the March 2024 infusion of ₹1.16 lakh crore through three VRR auctions amidst tight liquidity conditions.
Variable Rate Repo (VRR) – Key Points
Definition: A liquidity adjustment tool used by the RBI to inject short-term funds into the banking system.
Interest Rate: Determined through an auction, unlike the fixed-rate repo.
Purpose: To manage liquidity deficits and stabilize short-term interest rates like the call money rate.
Tenure: Typically short-term, often overnight or up to 14 days.
Mechanism: Banks bid for funds at varying interest rates, with the RBI accepting the lowest rates first.
Frequency: Conducted as needed, depending on market liquidity conditions.
Significance: Ensures market rates align with the RBI’s policy repo rate.
Ranks and report news
19th Global 500 2025 Report by Brand Finance
According to the 19th Global 500 2025 report published by Brand Finance, Apple has retained its position as the world’s most valuable brand, with a brand value of USD 574.5 billion (bn). Tata Group (USD 28.6 bn) is the most valuable Indian brand for the 15th consecutive holding 60th spot in the list.
Top Global Brands
Apple has retained its position as the world’s most valuable brand with a brand value of USD 574.5 billion.
Microsoft is ranked 2nd with a value of USD 461.1 billion.
Google holds the 3rd spot with a brand value of USD 413 billion.
Strongest Brands in the World
WeChat is the strongest brand for the 2nd consecutive year, with a score of 95.2.
Nike follows in 2nd place with a score of 94.7.
Google ranks 3rd with a score of 94.3.
Brand Distribution by Country
United States has the greatest number of brands, with 193 brands in the list.
China follows with 69 brands, and Germany ranks 3rd with 27 brands.
India is ranked 8th, with 15 brands making the list.
Top Indian Brands
Tata Group remains the most valuable Indian brand for the 15th consecutive year, valued at USD 28.6 billion, ranked 60th globally.
Infosys is one of the top-performing IT brands globally, with the highest compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.2% over the past 5 years.
HDFC Group, Life Insurance Corporation (LIC), and Reliance Group round out the top five Indian brands.
Noteworthy Growth
HCL Technologies (HCLTech) has emerged as the world’s fastest-growing IT services brand in 2025.
e&, a telecommunications brand, is the fastest-growing brand in the world with an eight-fold increase in brand value, now valued at USD 15.3 billion.
State news
Mizoram Pioneers Property Card Distribution in Northeast
Mizoram has become the first state in Northeast India to distribute property cards under the Survey of Villages Abadi and Mapping with Improvised Technology in Village Areas (SVAMITVA) scheme. On January 18, 2025, Governor Gen (Dr) VK Singh virtually participated in the distribution event from Raj Bhavan, Aizawl. Prime Minister Narendra Modi also attended, distributing over 65 lakh property cards to beneficiaries across 10 states and two Union Territories. Among these, 1,754 property cardholders from 18 villages in Mizoram received their cards.
Participants:
Governor Gen (Dr) VK Singh participated virtually from Raj Bhavan, Aizawl.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi distributed over 65 lakh property cards to beneficiaries across 10 states and 2 UTs, including 1,754 cards to 18 villages in Mizoram.
SVAMITVA Scheme Overview
Launch Date: April 24, 2020.
Objective: To provide legal documentation of property ownership in rural areas using drone and GIS technology.
Significance:
Property cards serve as legal proof of ownership.
Usable as collateral for loans and other financial purposes.
Mizoram’s Implementation Journey
MoU with Survey of India: Signed on July 8, 2021.
Drone Surveys:
Began on December 9, 2021.
Completed by December 2, 2024, covering 319 villages across 9 districts.
Property Card Distribution: Started on April 24, 2023.
As of January 18, 2025: 2,909 cards distributed.
Future goal: Provide 35,000 property cards.
The Pangsau Pass International Festival 2025- Celebrating History, Culture, and Heritage in Arunachal Pradesh
The Pangsau Pass International Festival (PPIF) 2025, held in Nampong, Arunachal Pradesh, is a vibrant celebration of the region’s rich cultural heritage and its historical significance during World War II.This year’s festival is particularly special as it coincides with the 80th anniversary of the war’s conclusion. Chief Minister Pema Khandu emphasized plans to bolster tourism by restoring World War II remnants in the region, underscoring the festival’s role in promoting economic growth, cultural exchange, and historical remembrance.
Occasion: Celebrates the region’s cultural heritage and marks the 80th anniversary of World War II’s conclusion.
Significance:
Promotes tourism, economic growth, and cultural exchange.
Highlights the historical importance of Pangsau Pass and the Stilwell Road.
Historical and Geographical Significance of Pangsau Pass
Geographical Facts
Location:
Situated on the India-Myanmar border, at an altitude of 3,727 feet (1,136 meters).
Forms a part of the Patkai Hills.
Nearby Areas:
Pangsau Village (Myanmar) is located 2 km east of the border.
Close to Chaukan Pass, India’s easternmost point, in Changlang district, Arunachal Pradesh.
Accessibility: One of the most accessible routes from the Assam plains into Myanmar.
Historical Context
13th Century: Used by the Ahoms, a Shan tribe, to enter Assam.
British Era: Surveyed for possible railway and road connections between India and Burma (Myanmar).
No railway was constructed.
World War II:
Played a key role in constructing the Stilwell Road (Ledo Road).
Known as “Hell Pass” due to the challenging terrain faced during the road’s construction.
Used to connect British India to Nationalist China, serving as a vital supply route for Allied forces against Japanese troops.
Science and tech news
Kerala Launches KaWaCHAM: India’s First Fully Integrated Disaster Warning System
On January 21, 2025, Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan launched the Kerala Warnings, Crisis, and Hazard Management (KaWaCHAM) System, India’s first fully integrated disaster warning system. The system was inaugurated at the Kerala State Disaster Management Authority (KSDMA) headquarters in Thiruvananthapuram.
Key Features of KaWaCHAM
Objective:
To enhance disaster preparedness and response capabilities.
Issues alerts for extreme weather events such as cyclones and heavy rainfall.
Development:
Designed by KSDMA with support from the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and the World Bank (WB).
Part of the National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP).
Symbolism: “KaWaCHAM” means shield in Malayalam, representing protection.
System Infrastructure
Sirens and Emergency Operations:
A network of 126 siren-strobe light units and 93 emergency operation centers linked through a Virtual Private Network (VPN) and data center.
91 sirens installed in Phase 1, with the rest to follow in subsequent phases.
Geographical Deployment:
Thiruvananthapuram and Ernakulam have the highest number of sirens (13 each).
Kottayam, Idukki, and Wayanad have the fewest (5 each).
Significance
Disaster Management: Improves the state’s ability to mitigate risks from cyclones and other extreme weather events.
Technological Advancement: Establishes Kerala as a leader in using advanced systems for disaster preparedness.
India Launches World’s First Commercial Satellite for Space Situational Awareness (SSA)
In January 2025, Digantara, a Bengaluru-based aerospace company, launched the Space Camera for Object Tracking (SCOT) satellite, marking a significant milestone as the world’s first commercial satellite dedicated to Space Situational Awareness (SSA). The project is backed by the Aditya Birla Group and the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI).
Key Details
Launch Details:
The SCOT satellite was launched aboard SpaceX’s Transporter-12 mission from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California, USA.
XDLINX Space Labs, another Indian space-tech startup, also launched its high-tech satellites aimed at monitoring both Earth and space objects.
Purpose of SCOT:
Space Situational Awareness (SSA): As Earth’s orbits become increasingly crowded with satellites and space debris, SSA is critical to preventing collisions and ensuring the safety of spacecraft.
SCOT offers precise and reliable tracking capabilities, significantly improving safety in space by monitoring and tracking space objects.
Significance
Space Safety: SCOT is a significant step toward enhancing global space safety. By providing critical data on space debris and satellite movements, the satellite plays a vital role in preventing potential collisions and ensuring secure operations in space.
Indian Space-Tech Growth: The successful launch of SCOT marks a key achievement for India’s space-tech sector, showcasing the country’s growing capabilities in Space Situational Awareness and satellite technology.
About Digantara:
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)- Anirudh Sharma
Headquarters- Bengaluru, Karnataka
Established-2018
India to deploy 1st human-operated underwater submersible
India is preparing to deploy its first human-operated underwater submersible as part of the Deep Ocean Mission, a groundbreaking initiative aimed at exploring and harnessing underwater resources while advancing India’s blue economy. The submersible, capable of reaching depths of up to 500 meters, is expected to be launched this year, with plans to extend its operational depth to 6,000 meters by the next year.
Key Objectives of the Deep Ocean Mission
Exploration of Underwater Resources: Focus on discovering critical minerals, rare metals, and marine biodiversity that have both economic and environmental significance.
Advancement of the Blue Economy: Promotes the sustainable use of ocean resources, benefiting India’s scientific community and economy.
Contributions to Fisheries and Conservation: Supports the sustainable fisheries sector and contributes to biodiversity conservation.
Environmental and Economic Benefits: The mission will help identify and harness underwater resources, providing long-term advantages for India’s economy and environmental protection.
Significance of the Mission
Human-Operated Submersible: Marks a major step in underwater exploration and deep-sea research.
Alignment with Space Program: The Deep Ocean Mission runs parallel to the Gaganyaan space program, showcasing India’s advancements in both marine and space technologies.
Sarla Aviation Unveils India’s First eVTOL Air Taxi ‘Shunya’
Sarla Aviation, a Bengaluru-based aerospace startup, has unveiled ‘Shunya,’ India’s first electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) air taxi prototype. This marks a significant advancement in urban air mobility, aiming to alleviate traffic congestion and pollution in Indian cities.
Key Features of ‘Shunya’
Design and Capacity:
Designed for short trips (20–30 km).
Accommodates up to 6 passengers with a maximum payload of 680 kg—the highest in its category.
Speed and Efficiency: Maximum speed of 250 km/h, providing a fast alternative to traditional transport.
Environmental Impact: Fully electric, promoting cleaner and sustainable urban transportation.
Sports news
India to Host FIDE Chess World Cup 2025
India is set to host the FIDE Chess World Cup 2025, marking a historic milestone for the country as it takes on the prestigious role of hosting its first major international chess tournament since the 2022 Chennai Chess Olympiad. This event is poised to further solidify India’s growing influence in the global chess arena.
Details of the Tournament
Dates: The FIDE Chess World Cup 2025 will take place from October 31 to November 27, 2025.
Format: The tournament follows a knockout format and will feature over 200 players from around the world.
Qualification Importance:
The event serves as a crucial gateway to the Candidates Tournament, with three qualification spots available for the winners.
The Candidates Tournament ultimately determines who will challenge the reigning World Chess Champion.
Reaffirmed Hosting Rights: Although there was initial uncertainty due to a retraction in the official announcement by FIDE, sources within the All India Chess Federation (AICF) confirmed that India has indeed secured the hosting rights, reaffirming the country’s commitment to hosting this prestigious event.
Historical Context of India’s Chess Achievements
R. Praggnanandhaa’s Remarkable Performance (2023):
In the 2023 FIDE Chess World Cup, India’s R. Praggnanandhaa made history by securing the silver medal after a narrow loss to Magnus Carlsen in the final.
His remarkable performance captivated chess enthusiasts globally and underscored India’s rising prominence in the world of chess.
Viswanathan Anand’s Legacy:
Viswanathan Anand, one of India’s most iconic chess players, remains the only Indian to have won the FIDE World Cup, securing back-to-back titles in 2000 and 2002.
Anand’s victories helped elevate India’s reputation in the global chess community and cemented his legacy as one of the greatest chess players of all time.
Significance of India’s Hosting
Hosting the FIDE Chess World Cup 2025 not only reinforces India’s growing stature in the chess world but also strengthens its role as a leader in global chess development.
The tournament will bring international attention to India’s chess culture, fostering growth at both the grassroots and professional levels.
Award news
Indian Short Film Anuja Nominated for the Oscars 2025
Anuja, an Indian short film directed by Adam J. Graves and Suchitra Mattai, has earned a nomination for Best Short Film (Live Action) at the Oscars 2025. The film tells the compelling story of a nine-year-old girl, Anuja, and her sister Palak, as they navigate a life-changing opportunitythat tests their bond, reflecting the universal struggles faced by girls around the world.
Key Details
Directors: Adam J. Graves and Suchitra Mattai.
Backing: The film is produced by Guneet Monga, a two-time Academy Award winner, with support from actors Priyanka Chopra and Mindy Kaling.
Plot: Follows Anuja and Palak’s journey, offering a poignant look at the challenges young girls face globally.
Other Nominated Films:
A Lien
The Last Ranger
I’m Not a Robot
The Man Who Could Not Remain Silent
Oscars 2025 Nominations: The nominations were announced by Bowen Yang and Rachel Sennott after being postponed twice earlier in the month due to wildfires in Los Angeles.
Significance: Anuja’s nomination marks a significant achievement for Indian cinema, highlighting the growing global influence of Indian films and the importance of supporting narratives that amplify universal stories.
INCOIS Honored with Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar-2025
The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) in Hyderabad has been selected for the Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar-2025 in the Institutional Category, recognizing its exceptional contributions to disaster management.
INCOIS’s Contributions
Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre (ITEWC): Provides tsunami alerts within 10 minutes for India and 28 Indian Ocean countries.
High-Wave, Cyclone, and Storm Surge Forecasts: Protects coastal areas and maritime operations.
Cyclone Assistance: Facilitated evacuations during 2013 Phailin and 2014 Hudhud cyclones.
Search and Rescue Aided Tool (SARAT): Assists Coast Guard and Navy in locating lost individuals/objects at sea.
SynOPS Visualization Platform: Integrates real-time data for better coordination during extreme events.
Recognition and Awards
Geospatial World Excellence in Maritime Services Award (2024)
Disaster Risk Reduction Excellence Award (2021)
Conclusion: INCOIS, founded in 1999, plays a critical role in India’s disaster management by providing early warnings for ocean-related hazards and assisting in emergency response operations. The Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar-2025 recognizes its significant impact in this field.
Test your knowledge with the latest quiz on current affairs from 10th 11th & 12th January 2025 Current Affairs Quiz ! Stay updated and challenge yourself with key events and happenings around the world.
1) What is the total investment worth for the INROAD project, aimed at improving natural rubber quality in India’s North-East?
The INROAD project is supported by an investment of ₹100 crore. It focuses on enhancing the quality of natural rubber in the North-East of India through skill development, infrastructure establishment, and collaboration with tyre manufacturers such as Apollo, Ceat, JK, and MRF.
2) Which platform was unveiled by Union Minister of Commerce & Industry, Shri Piyush Goyal, at the Bharat Climate Forum 2025 in New Delhi?
The Bharat Cleantech Manufacturing Platform was unveiled by Shri Piyush Goyal at the Bharat Climate Forum 2025. The initiative is aimed at enhancing India’s cleantech value chains in sectors like solar, wind, hydrogen, and battery storage. The platform encourages collaboration, co-innovation, and the exchange of technologies to advance India’s sustainability objectives.
3) India achieved a record renewable energy capacity addition in 2024. What was the total renewable energy capacity added in the country in 2024?
India achieved a record renewable energy capacity addition of 30 GW in 2024, according to the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE). This marks a 113% increase from the 13.75 GW added in 2023. The milestone is significant as it moves India closer to its goal of 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030, reflecting the nation’s strong commitment to clean energy and sustainability. This growth highlights India’s ongoing efforts to reduce its carbon footprint and transition toward a greener, more sustainable future.
4) The Z-Morh Tunnel, inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, connects which two places in Kashmir?
The Z-Morh Tunnel connects Gagangir to Sonmarg, located on the Srinagar-Leh National Highway in Kashmir. This 6.5 km long, two-lane tunnel bypasses a Z-shaped stretch of the road, facilitating smoother and safer travel through the region. It is part of the India-China Border Roads initiative, aimed at enhancing road infrastructure in northern and northeastern India. The tunnel is situated at an altitude of 8,652 feet above sea level, making it a significant engineering achievement in the challenging terrain of Kashmir.
5) The Uttar Pradesh government partnered with which company to launch the Uttar Pradesh Open Network for Agriculture (UPONA)?
The Uttar Pradesh government partnered with Google Cloud (India) to launch the Uttar Pradesh Open Network for Agriculture (UPONA). This digital public infrastructure, powered by Gemini AI and Beacon technology, aims to provide comprehensive digital support to farmers in the state, transforming agriculture through advanced technological solutions.
6) The Pravasi Bharatiya Express flagged off by Prime Minister Narendra Modi marks the 110th anniversary of whose return to India from South Africa?
The Pravasi Bharatiya Express, flagged off by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on January 9, 2025, marks the 110th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi’s return to India from South Africa in 1915. This train, launched under the Pravasi Teerth Darshan Yojana (PTDY), aims to reconnect the Indian diaspora with India’s cultural and religious heritage by providing a special tourist experience.
7) The Viksit Bharat Young Leaders Dialogue 2025 was organized by which department?
The Viksit Bharat Young Leaders Dialogue 2025 was organized by the Department of Youth Affairs under the leadership of Union Minister Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya. The event, held at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, is designed to engage young leaders from across India in discussions, competitions, and cultural experiences, with the goal of empowering them to contribute to India’s vision of becoming a developed nation by 2047.
8) India aims to achieve how much in combined exports from the Food & Beverage (F&B), agriculture, and marine product industries within the next five years?
India aims to achieve $100 billion in combined exports from the Food & Beverage (F&B), agriculture, and marine product industries over the next five years. This target was highlighted by Union Minister of Commerce & Industry, Shri Piyush Goyal, during his keynote address at Indusfood 2025. The Minister emphasized the need for 14-15% annual growth to reach this goal, building on India’s success in achieving $50 billion in exports last year.
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9) Which country launched the first certificate course in Hindi on World Hindi Day (Vishwa Hindi Diwas), observed on 10th January 2025?
Sri Lanka launched the first certificate course in Hindi on 10th January 2025, coinciding with the celebration of World Hindi Day (Vishwa Hindi Diwas). The initiative was launched in Colombo, Sri Lanka, aiming to promote Hindi education in the country. World Hindi Day has been observed every year on 10th January since 2006 to mark the anniversary of the first World Hindi Conference held in 1975 in Nagpur, India. This step by Sri Lanka reflects the growing global recognition and interest in the Hindi language.
10) Where is the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Action Summit scheduled to take place on February 10-11, 2025?
The Artificial Intelligence (AI) Action Summit is scheduled to take place in Paris, France on February 10-11, 2025. The summit, hosted by French President Emmanuel Macron, aims to promote international dialogue on AI, focusing on innovation, regulation, and the future of AI technologies. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to attend the summit, making it an important platform for global leaders to discuss AI’s potential and challenges.
11) India has joined which organization to leverage Big Data and data science for improving official statistics and tracking Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
A) World Economic Forum (WEF)
B) United Nations Committee of Experts on Big Data and Data Science for Official Statistics (UN-CEBD)
B) United Nations Committee of Experts on Big Data and Data Science for Official Statistics (UN-CEBD)
Explanation:
India has joined the United Nations Committee of Experts on Big Data and Data Science for Official Statistics (UN-CEBD), marking a significant step in enhancing the country’s global influence in statistical frameworks. This membership highlights India’s commitment to using Big Data and technology for evidence-based policymaking, with the committee focusing on how Big Data and data science can improve official statistics and help track the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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Title: WHO is right: On the U.S. leaving the World Health Organization
President Donald Trump’s decision to withdraw the United States from the World Health Organization (WHO), based on charges of bias, is stunningly short sighted, and deeply concerning to the global health community. Pundits are predicting that this move, if not withdrawn, or reconsidered, may well unleash the butterfly effect — a cascading set of unpredictable consequences arising from even the smallest of changes in a system. Soon after his inauguration, Mr. Trump wasted no time in announcing the beginning of the process of ending the U.S.’s membership of WHO. In language that smacked of petulance, Mr. Trump, as he signed his first batch of executive orders, declared: “The World Health [Organization] ripped us off.” The U.S. will now leave the United Nations health agency in 12 months’ time and stop all financial contributions to its work. He accused the organisation of mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic, and of being partisan towards China, though the U.S. contributed more to its coffers. The move has not been entirely unexpected: during his previous term as U.S. President, he relentlessly criticised WHO for acting slow and being “owned and controlled by China”; in 2020 he initiated a move to halt funding to WHO, though it was scuppered as his term came to an end.
Why is the withdrawal of the U.S. significant? For starters, Mr. Trump is right — the U.S., which is a founding member of WHO, is also its biggest financial backer, contributing around 18% of its overall funding. Withdrawal of these funds will seriously impact health programmes being implemented across the world, including interventions for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and the eradication of certain infectious diseases. WHO is also involved in ensuring equity of access to life-saving drugs for people across the world, building stronger health systems, detecting and preventing disease outbreaks. If Mr. Trump could set his petulance aside, it would be clear that global health does not operate in silos, and neither a stern countenance nor physical boundaries can keep pathogens out of one’s own geography. If any lessons have been learned at all from the COVID-19 pandemic, it is that no one is safe until everyone is safe, and that collaboration among nations, and open sharing of data and technology are essential to tackle pandemics. WHO has reached out to the U.S., hoping that it will reconsider its decision and engage once again with it. As fantastic as it may sound, medicine is no stranger to miracles of science, and the health community hopes one more will restore the U.S. back to WHO’s fold.
Meaning of the word:
Word
Meaning
Synonyms
Antonyms
Stunningly
Stunningly means in a way that is extremely impressive, beautiful, or surprising, often to the point of awe or amazement.
Amazingly Incredibly Beautifully Remarkably
Ordinarily Unimpressively Plainly Dully
Unleash
Unleash means to release something that has been held back, restrained, or controlled, allowing it to be expressed or acted upon freely. It often implies a sudden or powerful release of energy, emotions, or forces.
Release Let loose Liberate Unchain
Restrain Suppress Confine Hold back
Petulance
Petulance refers to a quality of being easily irritated, annoyed, or showing childish sulkiness, especially over trivial matters.
We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 23rd January 2025 current affairs curated from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.
Our comprehensive Current Affairs of 23rd January 2025 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation.
Geographical Indications (GI) Tags Granted to Products from Andaman and Nicobar Islands (December 2024)
The Geographical Indications (GI) Registry, located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, under the Department of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry (moc&I), granted GI tags to seven indigenous products from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (A&N). This recognition underscores the cultural and traditional importance of these products and highlights the unique heritage of the Union Territory (UT).
The Seven GI-Tagged Products:
Nicobari Mat (Chatrai-hileuoi)
Nicobari Hut (Chanvi Pati – Nyi hupul)
Nicobari Hodi Craft
Padauk Wood Craft
Nicobar Coconut
Nicobari Tavi-i-Ngaich (Virgin Coconut Oil)
Andaman Karen Musley Rice
This is the first time in India that a single Union Territory has been granted GI tags for seven products in a single instance.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands:
Capital: Port Blair
Governor: Incumbent Devendra Kumar Joshi
Rubber Board’s New Initiatives to Boost India’s Rubber Industry (January 2025)
In January 2025, during the platinum jubilee celebrations of the Rubber Act, 1947, and the Rubber Growers’ Conference in Kottayam, Kerala, the Rubber Board (RB), under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I), unveiled two significant initiatives:ISNR (Indian Sustainable Natural Rubber) and INR Konnect platform. These initiatives are designed to strengthen India’s position in the global rubber market and promote domestic rubber production.
Key Initiatives:
ISNR (Indian Sustainable Natural Rubber):
Goal: Align Indian rubber production with European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) standards.
This initiative aims to ensure that India’s natural rubber production is sustainable and meets international environmental standards, enhancing India’s global competitiveness.
INR Konnect Platform:
Type: Web-based platform.
Goal: Connect owners of untapped rubber plantations with adopters to enhance productivity.
The platform will facilitate the adoption of underutilized rubber plantations, encouraging productivity and optimizing rubber cultivation across India.
About the Rubber Board (RB):
Executive Director (ED): M. Vasanthagesan
Headquarters: Kottayam, Kerala
Founded: 1947
Role: The Rubber Board is responsible for promoting the cultivation and processing of natural rubber in India. It works to ensure the development of sustainable rubber production and serves as a key regulator in the industry.
UNESCO and MeitY Partner on AI Readiness Assessment in India
UNESCO’s South Asia Regional Office, in collaboration with India’s Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and Ikigai Law, held a two-day consultation on AI Readiness Assessment Methodology (RAM) on January 16-17, 2025. The events took place at IIIT Bangalore and NASSCOM AI office. The primary goal was to align India’s AI ecosystem with global ethical standards and identify opportunities for responsible AI adoption.
Objective: To develop actionable insights for ethical and responsible AI deployment using AI RAM, a diagnostic tool that assesses AI infrastructure, legislation, and stakeholder engagement. The initiative focuses on fostering trust and safety in India’s AI landscape.
Key Highlights
Diverse Stakeholder Engagement:
Participants included government officials, academia, industry leaders, and civil society.
Discussions centered on ethical principles like transparency, inclusiveness, and fairness.
Focus on Startups:
The second day emphasized startups’ role in driving AI innovation.
Strategies for creating an innovation-friendly and responsible AI environment were explored.
Expert Discussions: Dr. Mariagrazia Squicciarini from UNESCO emphasized the importance of RAM for assessing AI readiness and ensuring responsible growth.
Alignment with India’s AI Initiatives
Supports INDIAai Mission with a ₹10,000 crore investment.
Focus on the Safe and Trusted AI pillar to promote ethical practices, indigenous frameworks, and robust governance in AI development.
Aims to democratize AI benefits while ensuring accountability and safety.
UNSECO:
Founded: 16 November 1945, London, United Kingdom
Headquarters: Paris, France
Abbreviation: UNESCO
Director-General: Audrey Azoulay
International news
U.S. Withdraws from WHO and Suspends Foreign Aid
On January, 2025, President Donald Trump signed an executive order initiating the United States’ withdrawal from the World Health Organization (WHO) and suspending all foreign aid for 90 days, sparking global concern and debate.
Reasons for Withdrawal:
Mishandling of COVID-19: Criticism of WHO’s perceived leniency towards China’s initial response to the pandemic.
Lack of Independence: Concerns about the WHO being influenced by political pressures from member states.
Financial Disparities: The U.S. argued it was contributing disproportionately to the WHO’s budget compared to other nations, like China.
Yala Glacier in Nepal Set to Vanish by 2040s Due to Climate Change
The Yala Glacier, located in Nepal’s Langtang National Park, is a key site for studying the effects of climate change on the Himalayan cryosphere. Recent predictions indicate that the glacier could vanish by the 2040s, emphasizing the urgency of climate action.
Historical Retreat and Current Status:
Retreat:
Scientific Significance: The glacier is listed in the Global Glacier Casualty List (launched in 2024), marking its critical status among endangered glaciers.
Implications of Glacier Loss:
Water Resources: The Hindu Kush Himalaya region, warming twice as fast as the global average, relies on glaciers for freshwater, supporting 240 million people.
Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs): Accelerated melting leads to the formation of unstable glacial lakes, posing catastrophic flood risks to nearby communities.
Global and Regional Responses:
International Efforts:
The United Nations designated 2025 as the International Year of Glaciers’ Preservation.
March 21 will now be observed annually as the World Day for Glaciers to raise awareness about glacier preservation.
Regional Actions:
India:
Launched the National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem.
Established the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) to monitor glacier-related events and issue GLOF alerts.
Nepal:
Capital: Kathmandu
Currency: Nepalese Rupee
PM: KP Sharma Oli
Agreement news
India and USA Sign MoU to Boost Cybercrime Investigation Cooperation (January 2025)
In January 2025, the Government of India (GoI) and the Government of the United States of America (USA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to enhance cooperation in cybercrime investigations. The MoU aims to strengthen security collaboration between the two nations and tackle interconnected issues such as terrorism, drug trafficking, human trafficking, money laundering, and other security challenges linked to cybercrime.
Key Points of the MoU:
Signing of the Agreement: The MoU was signed by Indian Ambassador Vinay Kwatra and Acting USA Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Kristie Canegallo in Washington DC, USA.
Key Objectives:
The agreement focuses on cybercrime investigations and aims to strengthen India-USA security cooperation.
Shared focus: Addressing cybercrime, terrorism, drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, which are often interconnected and cross-border issues.
Implementation in India:
In India, the Indian Cybercrime Coordination Centre (I4C) under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) will oversee the implementation of the agreement.
Implementation in the USA: In the USA, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), along with its agencies like U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Homeland Security Investigations Cyber Crimes Center (C3), will be responsible for executing the MoU.
State news
Chhattisgarh CM Launches Rs 10K Annual Aid Scheme for Labourers
On January , 2025, Chhattisgarh Chief Minister (CM) Vishnu Deo Sai launched the ‘Deendayal Upadhyay Bhoomiheen Krishi Majdoor Kalyana Yojana’ in Raipur, Chhattisgarh. The scheme aims to provide financial support to landless agricultural labourers and other marginalized communities to enhance their income and improve their quality of life.
Key Features of the Scheme:
Financial Assistance: The scheme provides Rs 10,000 annually to landless agricultural labourers, including Baigas, Gunias, and other landless families in the state.
Beneficiaries:
A total of 5.62 lakh landless agricultural labourers across Chhattisgarh will benefit from the scheme.
Total Allocation:Rs 562 crore has been allocated to support these beneficiaries.
Inclusive Coverage:
The scheme also includes forest produce collectors, shepherds, carpenters, blacksmiths, cobblers, barbers, washermen, and other families involved in the Pauni-Pasari system.
Additionally, the scheme extends to tribal temple worshippers such as Pujari, Baiga, Gunia, and Majhi families in scheduled areas.
Related Initiatives by CM Vishnu Deo Sai:
‘Nagar Vikas Ke Sopan’ Program: CM Vishnu Deo Sai participated in the ‘Nagar Vikas Ke Sopan’ program in Raipur, during which he laid the foundation stone for 813 development works worth Rs 155.38 crore.
Inauguration of Works: The CM also inaugurated 70 works worth Rs 15.25 crore in various urban bodies across the state.
Water Supply Schemes: As part of the Amrit Mission-2.0, he laid the foundation stone for water supply schemes to be built at a cost of Rs 270 crore in 6 urban bodies.
About Chhattisgarh
Chief Minister (CM): Vishnu Deo Sai
Governor: Ramen Deka
Capital: Raipur
Ranks and report news
India Slips to Third Place in Edelman Trust Barometer 2025 Rankings
The Edelman Trust Barometer 2025, an annual survey by the global communications firm Edelman, provides insights into public trust levels in government, businesses, media, and NGOs. The survey revealed that India slipped one rank to third globally in terms of overall trust, despite its trust score remaining unchanged.
Key Highlights:
India’s Position in Trust Rankings:
Global Ranking: India ranks third in overall trust in institutions, behind China and Indonesia.
Top Three Countries:
1st: China
2nd: Indonesia
3rd: India
India lost its second position to Indonesia, which saw an increase in its trust score, while India’s score remained stable.
Trust in Indian-Origin Companies:
India ranks 13th in trust for companies headquartered in India.
Top Countries for Trust in Indian-Origin Companies: Canada, Japan, and Germany.
Trust Gap Between Income Groups in India:
High-Income Group:
India ranks 4th globally in trust, with 80% trust levels.
Top-ranking countries for high-income group trust: Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and China.
Low-Income Group: India ranks 3rd globally in trust, with 65% trust levels.
Top-ranking countries for low-income group trust: China and Indonesia.
The 15% trust gap between high and low-income groups highlights the impact of economic inequality on perceptions of institutional credibility.
Top 10 Countries with the Highest Public Pension Wealth in 2025
Public pension wealth, the total value of assets held by a country’s public pension system, plays a critical role in determining its financial stability and social security outlook. These funds ensure economic security for retired individuals, offering financial independence in their later years. In this article, we explore the top 10 countries with the highest public pension wealth in 2025, highlight the position of India, and examine the challenges and reforms in its pension system.
Importance of Public Pension Wealth:
Economic Security in Retirement: Provides financial independence for retirees, ensuring they can meet their basic needs.
Financial Stability for Governments: Reduces poverty among the elderly by guaranteeing social security in old age.
Sustainability: Ensures that future generations can also rely on pension benefits.
Top 10 Countries with the Most Public Pension Wealth in 2025:
According to the latest Global SWF 2025 report, the following countries lead the world in public pension assets:
USA $11,760
Japan $2,066
Canada $1,804
Netherlands $1,131
Australia $1,121
South Korea $948
UK $610
China $588
Denmark $569
Sweden $489
Key Highlights:
United States: Leads globally with a total of $11.76 trillion in public pension funds, demonstrating the size and strength of its social security system.
Japan: While ranked second, Japan holds the world’s largest pension fund, the Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF), valued at $15.93 trillion.
Canada, Netherlands, and Australia: These countries prioritize well-structured and sustainable pension systems, ensuring financial inclusion and long-term growth.
Appointment news
Justice Alok Aradhe Appointed as Chief Justice of Bombay High Court
The central government has issued a notification confirming the appointments of Justice Alok Aradhe as the Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court and Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya as the Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court. These transfers aim to strengthen judicial leadership in two of India’s busiest high courts.
Appointment of Chief Justice of a High Court:
Collegium System: The Chief Justice of a High Court is appointed by the President of India based on recommendations from the Supreme Court Collegium.
The Collegium consists of the Chief Justice of India (CJI) and a group of senior judges from the Supreme Court.
Senior Most Judge: The Chief Justice is typically selected from among the senior judges of the High Court, with seniority being a key factor.
Consultation with State: The Collegium may consider input from the state government, particularly the Governor and the Chief Minister of the concerned state.
Formal Appointment: After the recommendation from the Collegium, the President of India formally appoints the Chief Justice.
Transferability: The Chief Justice may be transferred from one High Court to another, based on the needs of the judiciary.
Article 217 of the Indian Constitution:
Article 217 outlines the process of the appointment and removal of judges in the High Courts, including the Chief Justice.
The President appoints the Chief Justice in consultation with the CJI and the Governor of the state.
Related Articles in the Indian Constitution:
Article 217: This article deals with the appointment of judges of the High Court, including the Chief Justice, and outlines the consultation process with the Chief Justice of India and the Governor.
Article 224: Pertains to the appointment of acting Chief Justices and judges in the High Court when required.
Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association vs. Union of India (1993): This landmark judgment by the Supreme Court established the Collegium System for judicial appointments, including the appointment of High Court judges and Chief Justices.
Dhananjay Shukla Becomes ICSI President for 2025
The Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI) has elected Dhananjay Shukla as its President and Pawan G Chandak as Vice President for the year 2025. This announcement was made on January 19, 2025.
About ICSI:
Established: Under the Company Secretaries Act, 1980.
Under: Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India.
Role: Regulates and develops the profession of company secretaries in India.
Membership: Over 75,000 members and approximately 200,000 students.
Senior IPS Officer Mahesh Kumar Aggarwal Appointed as BSF ADG
Mahesh Kumar Aggarwal, a 1994-batch Indian Police Service (IPS) officer from the Tamil Nadu cadre, has been appointed as the Additional Director General (ADG) of the Border Security Force (BSF). This appointment was confirmed by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) on January 19, 2025. Aggarwal will serve in this capacity for four years from the date he assumes charge or until further orders, whichever is earlier.
Summit news
3rd National Mining Ministers Conference in Konark, Odisha
The 3rd National Mining Ministers Conference concluded in Konark, Odisha, on 21 January 2025, with a focus on the mining of critical minerals and promoting sustainable mining practices in India. The event was aimed at making India self-sufficient in the mineral sector, especially for critical minerals, and fostering cooperation between the central government, state governments, and industry stakeholders.
Inauguration:
The conference was inaugurated by G. Kishan Reddy, Union Minister of Coal and Mines.
Mohan Charan Majhi, the Chief Minister of Odisha, was the Chief Guest at the event.
Participants:
Ministers of Mines from 11 states
Principal Secretaries/Special Secretaries (Mines)
Directorate General of Mines Safety
Officials from the Ministry of Mines, Ministry of Coal, and Ministry of Steel
Chairpersons and managing directors of Central Public Sector Enterprises under the Ministries of Mines, Coal, and Steel, along with private sector representatives.
Key Focus Areas:
Self-Sufficiency in Mineral Sector: Discussions centered around ways to make India self-sufficient in minerals, with a particular emphasis on critical minerals.
Sustainable Mining: Strategies for promoting sustainable mining practices were explored, ensuring minimal environmental impact.
Award for Rajasthan:
Rajasthan won the award for conducting the highest number of auctions in the 2023-24 fiscal year.
1st Place: Rajasthan
2nd Place: Madhya Pradesh
3rd Place: Maharashtra
This recognition highlights Rajasthan’s active role in the auctioning of mining leases and contributes to the country’s mineral resource development.
Odisha:
Chief minister: Mohan Charan Majhi
Capital: Bhubaneswar
Governor: Incumbent Kambhampati Hari Babu
Sports news
Karnataka won Vijay Hazare Trophy for the 5th time beating Vidarbha
Karnataka’s men’s senior cricket team claimed their 5th Vijay Hazare Trophy titleby defeating Vidarbha in the final by 36 runs. The match was played at Kotambi Stadium, Vadodara, Gujarat, marking the end of a five-year title drought for Karnataka in domestic cricket.
Key Highlights of the Final:
Date & Venue: The final was played on January 18, 2025, at Kotambi Stadium, Vadodara, Gujarat.
Karnataka’s Score: Karnataka, batting first, scored 348/6 in their 50 overs. Ravichandran Smaran was the top scorer with a brilliant 101 runs.
Vidarbha’s Reply: Vidarbha was bowled out for 312 runs, losing by 36 runs. Dhruv Shorey top-scored for Vidarbha with 110 runs.
Captaincy:
Karnataka Captain: Devdutt Padikkal
Vidarbha Captain: Karun Nair
Award Winners:
Player of the Final: Ravichandran Smaran (Karnataka) for his match-winning knock of 101 runs.
Player of the Tournament: Karun Nair (Vidarbha) for his 779 runs throughout the tournament.
Karnataka’s Historical Wins:
This victory was Karnataka’s 5th Vijay Hazare Trophy title, with their previous wins coming in the following seasons:
2013-14
2014-15
2017-18
2019-20
About the Vijay Hazare Trophy:
Introduction: Introduced by the BCCI in the 1993-94 season as the Ranji One Day Trophy for senior men’s teams.
Format Changes: Initially divided into zones, it changed to a group-based format in the 2002-03 season.
Renaming: The tournament was renamed in 2007-08 in honor of legendary Indian batsman Vijay Hazare.
First Winner: The first Vijay Hazare Trophy was won by Saurashtra.
Karnataka:
Capital: Bengaluru (Executive Branch)
Chief minister: Siddaramaiah
Governor: Thawar Chand Gehlot
Gujarat to host 1st Olympic Research Conference
India’s bid to host the 2036 Olympics has gained momentum with a significant four-day event held in Gujarat. Organized by the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) in collaboration with the Union Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, the event focuses on developing strategies, sustainable infrastructure, and innovative economic models to position India as a strong contender for the prestigious global sporting event.
The Four-Day Event: Vision and Strategy: This event serves as a critical platform to discuss the 2036 Olympics bid, featuring sessions, discussions, and collaborative efforts aimed at crafting a comprehensive roadmap for India’s Olympic aspirations. The aim is to ensure India is ready not only in terms of infrastructure but also in areas like sustainability, inclusivity, and competitiveness.
Key Themes of the Event:
“2036 Vision: Pathway to Become an Olympic Host”: Focused on India’s journey toward hosting the Olympics and evaluating its readiness to take on such a monumental challenge.
“Global Best Practices and Comparative Analysis in Olympic City Selection and Urban Legacy”: Studying successful host cities, understanding their urban development strategies, and applying these lessons to India’s bid.
“Financing the Future: Innovative Economic Models for Hosting Olympics in India”: Exploring funding mechanisms and investment opportunities that will make hosting the Olympics financially viable and sustainable.
“Greening the Games: Integrating Sustainability into the Indian Olympic Plan”: Ensuring the inclusion of environmentally friendly practices in the planning and execution of the Games to meet global sustainability standards.
“The Road to 2036: Promoting Gender Equity and Inclusion Across Disciplines”: Promoting gender equality and ensuring diversity and equal opportunities in various sports, aligning with the global push for inclusivity.
Indian Olympic association:
President: P. T. Usha
Founded: 1927
Books and author
How India Led the G20: Amitabh Kant’s Inside Story
Amitabh Kant, India’s G20 Sherpa, unveils the journey behind India’s historic G20 Presidency in his book, “How India Scaled Mt G20: The Inside Story of the G20 Presidency”. The book provides an inside look into the challenges, negotiations, and triumphs that led to the success of the G20 Summit held in New Delhi in September 2023.
Key Highlights:
The Road to Consensus: A Grueling Journey:
The New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration (NDLD), a key document, took 300 hours of intense negotiations and more than 250 bilateral meetings to finalize.
The book showcases the painstaking efforts of diplomats, negotiators, and world leaders to find common ground on various issues, despite conflicting national interests.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Leadership:
Kant describes Prime Minister Modi’s proactive role in the negotiations, underscoring his hands-on approach to the summit.
Modi stayed closely involved, demanding urgent situation reports every two hours to ensure the team remained focused and efficient.
A defining moment was on September 9, 2023, when Modi emphasized that he was results-driven and focused solely on securing a consensus, bypassing procedural concerns.
This decisive leadership helped to overcome the complex challenges faced during the summit.
Geopolitical Challenges: Navigating Conflicts:
The book highlights the significant geopolitical hurdles faced during the summit, especially the tense relations between the United States and China.
Kant describes how these bilateral issues threatened to derail the broader multilateral agenda of the summit, making the task of securing a unified agreement even more difficult.
However, Modi’s leadership helped navigate these conflicts, ensuring that India’s G20 Presidency was marked by diplomatic success.
Important days
International Year of Glaciers’ Preservation 2025 (IYGP)
On January 21, 2025, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) jointly declared 2025 as the International Year of Glaciers’ Preservation (IYGP). This declaration, made in Geneva, Switzerland, highlights the urgent need to protect glaciers, which are vital sources of freshwater for over 2 billion people worldwide.
Key Objectives of IYGP 2025:
Global Support and Awareness: The International Year aims to raise global awareness about the importance of glaciers and the rapid melting they are undergoing due to climate change.
Research and Data Accessibility: Focus on encouraging research related to glacier preservation and making cryosphere data more accessible to global scientists and policymakers.
Impact Reduction: The initiative aims to reduce the impacts of glacier melting, particularly in regions that depend heavily on glaciers for freshwater resources.
Key Events in 2025:
World Glacier Day: March 21, 2025, will mark the first-ever World Glacier Day, aligning with World Water Day (March 22), to emphasize the link between glacier preservation and water security.
International Conference on Glacier Preservation: An International Conference on Glacier Preservation will be held in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, in May 2025, bringing together global experts to discuss strategies and solutions for glacier protection.
Background: The International Year of Glaciers’ Preservation 2025 (IYGP 2025) was established through UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/77/158, adopted during its 77th session in December 2022. This resolution was led by UNESCO and the WMO, with the goal of fostering global action on glacier preservation.
WMO:
Founded: 23 March 1950
President: Abdulla Al Mandous
UNSCEO:
Founded: 16 November 1945, London, United Kingdom
Headquarters: Paris, France
Founders: India, United States, France, China, Mexico, Türkiye · See more
Title: An exit of bluster: On the U.S. and the climate change fight
President Donald Trump has fired his howitzers at multilateralism by signing into decree the United States’ withdrawal from the 2015 Paris Agreement. This sets records that are in a class of their own. The U.S. is the only country to have withdrawn thrice from a climate agreement — beginning with George W. Bush’s withdrawal, in 2001, from the Kyoto Protocol. Mr. Trump, of course, sets a new low by being the only President to withdraw from a climate agreement twice. In the run-up to the decree, there is a pall of gloom in the climate world over what the U.S.’s latest exit might mean, particularly when the globe has finished its first full calendar year above the 1.5° Celsius mark.
The U.S. is the second largest emitterof greenhouse gases. By virtue of being the most powerful economy, it has arrogated to itself the mantle of ‘global leadership’ in addressing climate change. But now that the leader has had the spottiest track record of keeping to the terms of a significant agreement — one, whose rule book the U.S. played a major role in compiling — perhaps it is time for the rest of the world to reassess America’s role in addressing climate change. Under both Republican and Democratic governments, U.S. domestic policy on greenhouse gas emissions has been subservient to business interests. Oil and gas production increased under the Biden administration. The U.S. remains the world’s largest crude oil producer, achieving record production in 2023. The country is also the world’s largest producer of gas and, in 2022, became the world’s largest exporter for liquified natural gas (LNG). Mr. Trump has only committed to add on to this already substantial base. The U.S. is critically short of achieving its target of greenhouse gas emissions. As of 2022, the U.S. has achieved only about one-third of its 2030 emissions reduction target. In the last weeks of his Presidency, Mr. Biden increased the U.S.’s emission-reduction commitments to 61%-66% of 2005 levels by 2035. This too, calculations suggest, will be insufficient to meet a 1.5° C target. Private capital propping up renewable energy has grown exponentially since Mr. Bush, and is now too substantial for Mr. Trump and his financial backers to ignore. While it will take a year for the exit to be formalised, it is likely that the U.S.’s behind-the-scenes engagement — especially at the next climate meet (COP 30) in Brazil in November 2025 — will continue. The politics of Mr. Trump suggests that he is not averse to running with the hare and hunting with the hounds.
Meaning of the word:
Word
Meaning
Synonyms
Antonyms
Engagement
Refers to actively being involved in an activity, event, or interaction.
Participation Interaction Connection Involvement
Disengagement Detachment Withdrawal Indifference
Arrogated
Arrogated means to take or claim something without justification or right. It is often used in contexts where someone assumes authority, power, or privileges that they are not entitled to.
