Author: Balaguru Mamundi

Edusprint Youtube Channel : Edusprint Academy

We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 27th December current affairs 2024, curated from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs December 2024 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation

National news

UK Universities Set to Establish Campuses at GIFT City, Gujarat

Two UK universities, Queen’s University Belfast and Coventry University, have filed applications to set up international campuses at Gujarat’s GIFT City, continuing the trend initiated by Australian institutions. This marks a significant step as India opens its doors to foreign educational institutions through relaxed regulations.

Queen’s University Belfast:

• Approved by the International Financial Services Authority (IFSCA).
• Plans to start with postgraduate programs and expand to research and undergraduate courses.
• A prestigious institution with nearly 200 years of history and over 1,000 Indian students.

Coventry University:

• Expanding its global presence, already operating campuses in Egypt, Poland, Morocco, and Kazakhstan.
• Known for addressing global challenges and launched an “India Hub” in Delhi in 2024.

Regulatory Support: The IFSCA’s 2022 regulations encourage foreign campuses by allowing fund repatriation in foreign currency and relaxing infrastructure norms.

Existing Institutions in GIFT City: Australian universities offer programs in business analytics, cybercrime, and fintech, showcasing a growing international education ecosystem.

Gujarat:

• Capital: Gandhinagar
• Governor: Acharya Devvrat
• Chief minister: Bhupendra Patel

Rajnath Singh and Yogi Adityanath Unveil Atal Ji’s Statue

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath paid tribute to ‘Bharat Ratna’ and former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee by unveiling his statue at Kudiya Ghat along the Gomti River. The event was a grand homage to the leader’s legacy, emphasizing his contributions to the nation.

Dignitaries Present:

• Defence Minister Rajnath Singh.
• Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath.

Key Highlights:

• Sculptor Honored: Amarpal Singh was recognized for crafting Vajpayee’s statue.
• ‘Atal Sankalp’ Pledge: Led by Rajnath Singh, reaffirming commitment to Vajpayee’s ideals and vision.

Legacy Celebration: The statue symbolizes Vajpayee’s enduring contributions to India’s progress and leadership.

‘Viksit Panchayat Karmayogi’ Initiative‘Viksit Panchayat Karmayogi’ Initiative

On Good Governance Day, Dr. Jitendra Singh launched the ‘Viksit Panchayat Karmayogi’ initiative, aiming to empower Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and decentralize governance. This initiative is part of the broader ‘Prashasan Gaon Ki Aur’ campaign, which seeks to enhance governance at the grassroots level by providing elected representatives and officials with modern tools and knowledge for effective decision-making and planning.

Launch and Objective:

• Launched by Dr. Jitendra Singh on Good Governance Day.
• Aims to empower Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and enhance grassroots governance as part of the ‘Prashasan Gaon Ki Aur’ campaign.

Key Features:

Technology-Driven Governance:

• Utilizes e-learning platforms, AI-powered chatbots, and mobile apps to bridge knowledge gaps.
• Focuses on effective decision-making and planning for public service delivery.

Capacity Building:

• Targets Panchayats in Odisha, Assam, Gujarat, and Andhra Pradesh.
• Provides tools to enhance governance capabilities and foster sustainable rural development.

Decentralization: Aligns with the government’s vision for participatory governance and decentralized decision-making.

Complementary Initiatives:

iGOT Karmayogi Dashboard:

• Improves monitoring and decision-making for ministries and state governments.
• Focus on capacity building.

CPGRAMS Annual Report 2024: Highlights the resolution of 25 lakh grievances annually, showcasing commitment to transparent governance.

Simplified Pension Application:

• Introduces a single digital form for retiring officials.
• Ensures faster, cost-effective disbursement with an enhanced user experience.

Significance:

• Empowers rural governance by enabling citizen-centric, scalable models.
• Strengthens the foundation for inclusive and sustainable development across India.
• Reinforces the government’s commitment to modernizing governance systems at all levels.

UNICEF Partners with West Bengal Government to Tackle Childhood NCDs

In December 2024, UNICEF collaborated with the West Bengal (WB) Government to enhance the treatment of childhood Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), including juvenile diabetes.

The initiative aims to strengthen healthcare infrastructure and ensure equitable access to treatment for affected children.

Collaboration Details:

Primary Health Care (PHC) Model:

• Joint effort with West Bengal’s Department of Health and Family Welfare (DHFW), IPGMER & SSKM Hospital, Kolkata.
• Focus on improving community healthcare and primary health services for NCD prevention and management.

Statewide Treatment Expansion: Partnered with the West Bengal Academy of Paediatrics to provide treatment across all districts.

Training Healthcare Workers: Training for doctors, nurses, ANMs, ASHA workers, and community health officers to identify and refer affected children to NCD clinics.

About Juvenile Diabetes:

• Type: Chronic disease, also known as Type 1 diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes.
• Cause: The pancreas produces little or no insulin due to immune system destruction of insulin-producing cells.
• Symptoms: Extreme thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, blurry vision, and fatigue.
• Prevalence: Data from India’s Young Diabetic Registry (YDR) indicates that 5 out of 100,000 children are affected by juvenile diabetes.

About UNICEF:

• Executive Director: Catherine Russell
• Headquarters: New York, USA
• Established: 1946

International news

India and China Sign Six-Point Agreement to Resume Kailash Mansarovar Yatra

On December 18, 2024, India and China have signed a six-point agreement to resume the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra and Nathula border trade during the 23rd meeting of the Special Representatives (SRS) on the China-India Boundary Question in Beijing, China.

The agreement also addresses key issues such as cross-border river cooperation, representing a significant move toward rebuilding trust between the two nations.

significance of the Agreement:

• Cross-Border Cooperation: Focuses on enhancing cross-border river cooperation to foster trust between the two nations.
• Historical Context: The Kailash Mansarovar Yatra has been suspended since 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic and lack of renewal of arrangements by China.

Participants:

• Ajit Doval, India’s National Security Advisor (NSA)
• Wang Yi, China’s Foreign Minister

About Kailash Mansarovar Yatra:

Sacred Pilgrimage:

• Mount Kailash: Believed to be the abode of Lord Shiva in Hinduism; also significant in Buddhism, Jainism, and Bon.
• Lake Mansarovar: A revered spiritual site for devotees.

Geography:

• Located in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China.
• Indian routes to Mount Kailash include Lipulekh Pass (Uttarakhand) and Nathu La Pass (Sikkim).

Travel Routes:

• Pilgrims also access the site through Kathmandu (Nepal), Simikot (Nepal), and Lhasa (Tibet).
• This agreement marks a positive development in India-China relations and reinforces cultural and religious connectivity for Indian pilgrims.

China:

• Capital: Beijing
• President: Xi Jinping
• Official language: Mandarin

US Declare Bald Eagle As National Bird After 250 Years

• President Joe Biden signed a law on December 24, 2024 (Christmas Eve) officially recognizing the bald eagle as the national bird of the United States.
• Although symbolic since 1782, this is its first formal recognition.

Historical Context:

• The bald eagle has been featured on the Great Seal of the US since 1782, symbolizing strength, courage, and freedom.
• Founding Father Benjamin Franklin criticized the bald eagle, calling it a “bird of bad moral character.”

Conservation Status:

• Protected under the National Emblem Act of 1940, prohibiting its hunting or sale.
• The species has made a remarkable recovery from near extinction, with populations increasing since 2009.

Symbolism:

• Represents strength, courage, freedom, and immortality.
• Indigenous exclusively to North America, enhancing its symbolic uniqueness.

Legislation Highlights:

• Spearheaded by lawmakers from Minnesota, a state with a significant bald eagle population.
• Signed alongside 50 other laws, including a federal anti-hazing law

China Approves $137-Billion Mega Dam on Brahmaputra Near Indian Border

China has approved the construction of the world’s largest dam on the Yarlung Zangbo (Brahmaputra) in Tibet, close to the Indian border. Estimated at $137 billion, this project raises strategic and environmental concerns for India and Bangladesh. The massive hydropower dam, located at a tectonic boundary prone to earthquakes, has been touted as safe by Chinese authorities, who emphasize ecological protection and advanced engineering techniques.

Strategic and Diplomatic Implications:

• India’s Concerns: Potential Chinese control over water flow and risk of floods during hostilities.
• India’s Response: Construction of a counter dam on the Brahmaputra in Arunachal Pradesh.
• Data Sharing: India and China collaborate under the Expert Level Mechanism (ELM) since 2006, reaffirmed during the 2024 meeting between India’s NSA Ajit Doval and China’s Wang Yi.

Engineering and Environmental Challenges:

• Tectonic Risks: Located in the seismically active Tibetan Plateau.
• Ecological Claims: China emphasizes ecological protection and advanced technologies to ensure safety.

Geopolitical Context:

• Regional Impacts: Could affect downstream countries like Bangladesh, which depend on the Brahmaputra for water resources.
• Strategic Importance: Highlights geopolitical tensions in the region due to shared river systems.

Economy news

India’s Economic Growth Forecast for FY25: 6.5%

India’s economic growth is expected to reach 6.5% in FY25 despite facing a subdued first half, as outlined in the Finance Ministry’s Monthly Economic Review. The report attributes the slowdown primarily to the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) restrictive monetary policy stance and weaker demand. While global uncertainties weigh on the economy, domestic factors like agricultural activity and industrial gains are expected to drive growth in the second half of the fiscal year.

Projected Growth:

• India’s GDP growth for FY25 is expected to reach 6.5%, despite a subdued first half.
• Aligned with RBI’s forecast of 6.6% growth.

H1 FY25 Slowdown: GDP Growth Decline: Fell to 5.4% (July-September) from 6.7% in the previous quarter.

Key Factors:

• Weaker expansion in manufacturing and consumption.
• RBI’s restrictive monetary policy aimed at inflation control.

RBI’s Monetary Policy Impact:

• 11 consecutive meetings with unchanged key interest rates.
• Recent reduction in the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) expected to boost credit growth.

Outlook for H2 FY25:

Agricultural Activity:

Strong rural demand driven by favorable rabi crop season factors:

• Increase in Minimum Support Price (MSP).
• High reservoir levels and fertilizer availability.

Urban Demand Recovery:

• Passenger vehicle sales grew 13.4% year-on-year.
• Air passenger traffic shows significant growth.

Banking news

ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Launches ICICI Pru Wish for Women-Specific Illnesses

In December 2024, ICICI Prudential Life Insurance introduced ICICI Pru Wish, a unique health insurance product tailored for women. Developed in collaboration with the Reinsurance Group of America (RGA), it offers a lump sum payout upon the diagnosis of specific conditions, making it a pioneering product in the life insurance sector.

Key Features:

Women-Specific Coverage:

• Focuses on illnesses such as breast, cervical, and uterine cancers, as well as heart conditions.
• Includes coverage for maternity-related complications and genetic disorders in newborns.

Instant Payout: Provides up to 100% of the health cover amount upon diagnosis of covered conditions.

Premium Guarantee: Offers a 30-year premium guarantee, ensuring stable premiums over the policy term.

Financial Flexibility: Features a 12-month premium vacation, allowing policyholders to pause premium payments during unexpected situations.

RBI Sets Up Panel for Ethical AI Framework in Financial Sector

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has formed an eight-member committee to develop a Framework for Responsible and Ethical Enablement of Artificial Intelligence (FREE-AI).

Focus: Adoption of ethical AI technologies in banks, NBFCs, FinTechs, and payment operators.

Objectives:

• AI Adoption: Assess AI integration globally and in India.
• Regulatory Review: Analyze global supervisory approaches to AI for Indian adaptation.
• Risk Mitigation: Identify AI-related risks and propose compliance mechanisms.
• Governance: Create guidelines for ethical and responsible AI deployment.

Committee Members:

Chairperson: Pushpak Bhattacharyya (Professor, IIT Bombay).

Members:

• Debjani Ghosh (Independent Director, RBI Innovation Hub).
• Balaraman Ravindran (Professor, IIT Madras).
• Abhishek Singh (Additional Secretary, Ministry of Electronics and IT).
• Rahul Matthan (Partner, Trilegal).
• Anjani Rathor (Group Head, HDFC Bank).
• Sree Hari Nagaralu (Head of Security AI Research, Microsoft India).
• Suvendu Pati (CGM, FinTech Department, RBI).

Timeline: Final report due within six months of the committee’s first meeting.

Significance:

• Strengthens AI governance and ethics in India’s financial sector.
• Enhances risk management and promotes responsible innovation.
• Aligns India’s financial industry with global AI practices.

Appointment news

Kristrun Mjoll Frostadottir Appointed as Iceland’s Youngest Prime Minister

In December 2024, Kristrun Mjoll Frostadottir, leader of the Social Democratic Alliance (SDA), was appointed as the Prime Minister of Iceland by President Guðni Th. Jóhannesson, succeeding Bjarni Benediktsson. At 36 years old, she is the youngest Prime Minister in Iceland’s history.

Key Points:

Parliamentary Election Victory:

• Secured 20.8% of votes in the 2024 Icelandic Parliamentary Election.
• Won 15 seats in the Althing (National Parliament).

Notable Achievements:

• Represents a shift in leadership and a progressive vision under the Social Democratic Alliance.
• Her appointment marks a milestone in Icelandic political history with a focus on inclusivity and innovation.

About Iceland:

• President: Guðni Th. Jóhannesson
• Prime Minister: Kristrun Mjoll Frostadottir
• Capital: Reykjavík
• Currency: Icelandic króna (ISK)

Amitava Chatterjee Appointed as MD & CEO of J&K Bank

Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) Bank’s share price soared by 7.4% on December 26, 2024, following the announcement of Amitava Chatterjee’s appointment as the new Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO). This significant development comes after the bank’s board appointed Chatterjee for a three-year term starting December 30, 2024. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) approved his appointment, with Chatterjee set to take over from Baldev Prakash, who retires on December 27, 2024.

Key Event:

• Appointment: Amitava Chatterjee named MD & CEO of J&K Bank for a three-year term starting December 30, 2024.
• Approval: Appointment approved by RBI under Section 35B of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.

Impact on Stock:

Market Response: J&K Bank’s share price rose by 7.4% on December 26, 2024.

Compensation:

• Fixed Pay: INR 1.40 crore annually, including perquisites.
• Variable Pay: Target of INR 1.40 crore.

Transition Plan: J&K Bank advised to propose an interim arrangement to RBI if Chatterjee’s assumption of office is delayed.

Profile of Amitava Chatterjee:

• Experience: Over 33 years in banking, currently Deputy MD at SBI; past roles include MD & CEO of SBICAPS.
• Education: MBA from ICFAI University and CAIIB qualification.
• Interests: Enthusiastic about tennis, football, and cricket.

State news

Uttar Pradesh Signs MoU with Japan’s Yamanashi Prefecture to Strengthen Economic and Cultural Ties

In December 2024, Uttar Pradesh (UP) Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, to enhance economic and cultural cooperation. The signing ceremony took place in Lucknow, with the Japanese delegation led by Yamanashi Governor Kotaro Nagasaki.

Key Points:

Economic Relations:

• Yogi Adityanath highlighted the strong economic ties between Japan and India, emphasizing collaboration with Japanese companies in various sectors.
• Both nations, being large economies, seek to strengthen their bilateral economic ties.

Historical and Cultural Connections:

• The Japan-India relationship is rooted in a “Special Strategic and Global Partnership”, built over centuries of cultural and spiritual exchanges.
• A key historical event dates back to 752 AD, when Indian monk Bodhisena consecrated a Buddha statue at the Todaiji Temple in Nara, Japan, marking a significant moment in the two countries’ shared history.

Indian Community in Japan:

• The growing Indian diaspora in Japan, especially in fields like IT and engineering, has further strengthened bilateral ties.
• The Nishikasai area in Tokyo, known as “mini-India”, is home to over 40,000 Indians, reflecting the increasing influence and integration of the Indian community in Japan.

Uttarpradesh:

• Capital: Lucknow (Executive Branch)
• Chief minister: Yogi Adityanath
• Governor: Anandiben Patel

Award news

RINL Wins Gold at AP State Energy Conservation Awards 2024

Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL), the corporate entity of Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (VSP), has won the prestigious Gold Award at the Andhra Pradesh State Energy Conservation Award 2024. The award, presented by the State Energy Conservation Mission of Andhra Pradesh, recognizes RINL’s impactful initiatives in energy conservation in the iron and steel sector. This achievement highlights the company’s commitment to sustainability and innovation in harnessing waste energy over the past three years.

Award Ceremony:

• Uttam Brahma (GM, Energy, Environment & Utilities) and VVVS Pulla Reddy (DGM, Energy Management Department) accepted the award.
• The award was presented by K. Vijayanand, IAS, Special Chief Secretary (Energy) of Andhra Pradesh, during the Energy Conservation Week celebrations in Vijayawada.

Key Highlights of RINL’s Efforts:

Sustained Energy Efficiency:

• Continuous implementation of energy-saving measures over the past three years.
• Focus on innovative utilization of waste energy to enhance operational efficiency.

Leadership in Sustainability:

• Positioned as a leader in energy conservation within the iron and steel industry.
• Commitment to adopting innovative and sustainable practices.

Leadership Acknowledgement:

• A.K. Saxena, CMD (additional charge) of RINL, congratulated the Energy Management team and supporting departments for their dedication.
• Emphasized the importance of energy conservation in ensuring sustainable growth and reinforcing RINL’s role in India’s industrial landscape.
• This award underscores RINL’s focus on innovation and sustainability, setting a benchmark in the industrial sector for environmental responsibility and energy efficiency.

RINL:

• Headquarters: Visakhapatnam
• Subsidiary: Eastern Investments Ltd.
• Founded: 18 February 1982
• Owner: Ministry of Steel, Government of India

Dr. Ravi Pillai Honored with Bahrain’s ‘Medal of Efficiency’

In December 2024, Dr. Ravi Pillai, a renowned Indian entrepreneur and founder of the RP Group of Companies, became the first foreign national to receive Bahrain’s ‘Medal of Efficiency (First Class)’. The award was presented by Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, the King of Bahrain, in a ceremony held in Dubai, UAE.

Key Achievements:

Recognition for Contributions:

• Honored for his exceptional work in refinery operations, community development, and enhancing Bahrain’s global standing.
• Acknowledged as a significant contributor to Bahrain’s progress and development.

Bahrain’s Highest Honor: The Medal of Efficiency is Bahrain’s top national award, celebrating individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the nation.

Past Honors:

• 2008: Received the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award (PBSA) from the Government of India.
• 2010: Conferred with Padma Shri, India’s fourth-highest civilian honor.
• 2015: Ranked as the 4th most powerful Indian in the Middle East by Arabian Business.

Defence news

India’s Defence Exports Reach Rs. 21,083 Crore In 2023-24

In the fiscal year 2023-24, India achieved a significant milestone in its defence sector. The country’s defence exports reached a record-high value of Rs 21,083 crore (around USD 2.63 billion), marking a 32.5% growth over the previous year. This growth is part of a broader trend in India’s defence sector, reflecting both enhanced domestic production and export capabilities. In parallel, India’s indigenous defence production also set a record, with a value of Rs 1,26,887 crore, representing a 16.7% increase compared to the previous fiscal year. The combined efforts of the private sector and Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) have been crucial in this success, contributing to a strengthened and self-reliant defence ecosystem.

Key Highlights Includes

Defence Exports: Reached Rs 21,083 crore, a 32.5% growth from Rs 15,920 crore in FY 2022-23.

Defence Export Growth Over 10 Years: Increased by 31 times since FY 2013-14.

• Contribution by Sectors: Private sector contributed 60% and DPSUs contributed 40% to defence exports.
• Defence Minister’s Target: Rajnath Singh set a target of Rs 50,000 crore in defence exports by 2029.
• Indigenous Defence Production: A record Rs 1,26,887 crore in production value, up 16.7% from the previous year.
• Positive Indigenisation Lists (PIL): Government issued five new PILs to boost domestic production and minimize reliance on imports.

The efforts to enhance Aatmanirbharta (self-reliance) in defence include steps like the creation of the Positive Indigenisation Lists, which focus on increasing the production of complex systems, sensors, and weapons.

These efforts are aligned with the government’s vision to reduce dependence on defence imports and to make India a hub for defence exports.

Key Figures

• Defence Exports: Rs 21,083 crore (USD 2.63 billion)
• Growth in Defence Exports: 32.5% increase from Rs 15,920 crore
• Defence Production Value: Rs 1,26,887 crore
• Growth in Defence Production: 16.7% increase from Rs 1,08,684 crore

Edusprint Youtube Channel : Edusprint Academy

We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 30th December current affairs 2024, curated from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs December 2024 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation

National news

India to host World Audio Visual Entertainment Summit – WAVES for first time in 2025

Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced in his ‘Mann Ki Baat’ programme that India will host the World Audio Visual Entertainment Summit (WAVES) for the first time in 2025.

Objective: WAVES aims to showcase India’s creative talent to a global audience, emphasizing its vibrant and diverse audiovisual entertainment industry.

Role of Youth:

• The PM highlighted the pivotal role of young creators in the preparation for WAVES.
• He appreciated the enthusiasm and innovation of the youth, showcasing India’s dynamic creator economy.

Significance for Economy: WAVES aligns with India’s vision to become a $5 trillion economy, leveraging the growth of the media, entertainment, and creator economy sectors.

Cultural Tribute to Iconic Figures of Indian Cinema

Prime Minister Modi paid homage to the 100th birth anniversaries of legendary figures of Indian cinema in 2024:

• Raj Kapoor: Known as the “Showman of Indian Cinema.”
• Mohammed Rafi: Renowned playback singer whose melodious voice transcended generations.
• Akkineni Nageswara Rao (ANR): A stalwart of Telugu cinema, often referred to as “Natasamrat” (King of Acting).

First Commercial Aircraft Lands Successfully at Navi Mumbai International Airport

The first commercial aircraft successfully landed today on the runway of Navi Mumbai International Airport. The IndiGo A320, which took off from Mumbai Airport, made a direct landing at Navi Mumbai International Airport. Following the successful landing, the aircraft was given an air salute. The certification test also included a technical evaluation of landing and take-off manoeuvres. Senior officials from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Airports Authority of India (AAI), and other key agencies, including senior officials from CIDCO, were present for the event.

Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA):

• Located in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
• Developed by CIDCO in collaboration with private partners.
• Expected to become a major aviation hub, easing the burden on Mumbai’s Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport.
• Designed to handle 60 million passengers annually once fully operational.

Economy news

Monthly Per Capita Expenditure increases by 9% in rural areas & around 8% in urban areas in 2023-24

The Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (MPCE) has increased by nine percent in rural areas and around eight percent in urban areas in 2023-24 from the level of 2022-23. According to the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey 2023-24 released by the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation, the average MPCE in rural India has been estimated to be 4 thousand 122 rupees. The average MPCE in urban India has been estimated to be six thousand 996 rupees.

Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (MPCE):

Overall Increase:

• Rural Areas: 9% increase in MPCE from 2022-23 to 2023-24.
• Urban Areas: 8% increase in MPCE during the same period.

Average MPCE:

• Rural India: Estimated at ₹4,122 per month.
• Urban India: Estimated at ₹6,996 per month.

Survey Coverage:

• The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey 2023-24 was conducted by the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation.
• It covered over 2.6 lakh households nationwide, providing a comprehensive analysis of consumption patterns.

Urban vs Rural Consumption: Faster Growth in Rural Consumption: Data indicates that rural consumption is growing faster than urban consumption.

Declining Urban-Rural Consumption Gap:

• The urban-rural consumption gap in MPCE has narrowed significantly.
• The gap decreased from 84% in 2011-12 to 71% in 2022-23.

Expenditure Breakdown:

Non-Food Items:

• In both rural and urban areas, non-food items constitute the major part of the average household expenditure.
• Rural Areas: 53% of MPCE is spent on non-food items.
• Urban Areas: 60% of MPCE is spent on non-food items.

Food Items:

• Beverages, refreshments, and processed foods continue to be major contributors to food expenditure in both rural and urban households.
• These items form a significant part of the food basket, indicating changing dietary patterns in both sectors.

Sports news

Konery Humpy crowned 2024 FIDE Women’s World Rapid Champion for record second time

Golden Era For Indian Chess”: Koneru Humpy After Scripting HistoryGrandmaster Koneru Humpy capped off a wonderful year for Indian chess. “Golden Era For Indian Chess”: Koneru Humpy After Scripting History

Grandmaster Koneru Humpy capped off a wonderful year for Indian chess, defeating Irene Sukandar of Indonesia to emerge the FIDE Women’s World Rapid Chess champion in New York Humpy had won the event back in 2019 at Georgia and the Indian No. 1 is only the second player after China’s Ju Wenjun to clinch the title more than once.

D Gukesh’s Achievement:

• Defeated China’s Ding Liren to become the World Classical Chess Champion.
• Event held in Singapore, marking a historic milestone for India.

Chess Olympiad Success:

• India won gold medals in both the Open and Women’s categories in the 2024 Chess Olympiad held in Budapest.
• First-ever gold medals in these categories for India.

Golden Era of Indian Chess:

• The year 2024 witnessed remarkable achievements, including individual and team victories.
• India’s dominance in chess highlights the strength and depth of its players.

17-year-old from Mumbai becomes the youngest female in world to scale highest peaks on each of 7 continents

Kaamya Karthikeyan, a 17-year-old student from Navy Children School in Mumbai, has made history by becoming the youngest female in the world to scale the highest peaks on each of the seven continents. Demonstrating an extraordinary feat of mountaineering prowess, the 17-year-old adventurer has conquered Africa’s Mt Kilimanjaro, Europe’s Mt Elbrus, Australia’s Mt Kosciuszko, South America’s Mt Aconcagua, North America’s Mt Denali, Asia’s Mt Everest and culminating the current climb in Antarctica.

Seven Summits Conquered:

• Africa: Mt Kilimanjaro
• Europe: Mt Elbrus
• Australia: Mt Kosciuszko
• South America: Mt Aconcagua
• North America: Mt Denali
• Asia: Mt Everest (scaled at the age of 16)
• Antarctica: Mt Vincent (summited on December 24, 2024, at 17:20 hrs Chilean Standard Time)

The Climb to Mt Vincent (Antarctica): Kaamya reached the summit of Mt Vincent along with her father, Commander S. Karthikeyan, marking the completion of the Seven Summits Challenge.

Significance of the Achievement:

This incredible accomplishment places Kaamya in the record books as the youngest female to complete the Seven Summits Challenge, a rare and prestigious mountaineering feat.

She was just 7 years old when she embarked on her first trek in Uttarakhand, marking the beginning of her passion for mountaineering.

Awards and Recognition:

• In 2021, Kaamya was awarded the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Shakti Puraskar, India’s highest national honor for young achievers.
• She has also received accolades from Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his Mann-ki-Baat for her remarkable achievements.

Banking news

RBI Constitutes 8-Member Committee for Ethical AI in Financial Sector (FREE-AI)

In December 2024, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced the formation of an 8-member committee to develop a framework for the responsible and ethical enablement of artificial intelligence (AI) in the financial sector. The committee is named FREE-AI (Framework for Responsible and Ethical Enablement of AI).

Committee Leadership: The committee will be chaired by Pushpak Bhattacharya, a Professor from the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT-B), Mumbai.

Timeline: The committee is expected to submit its report within 6 months from the date of its first meeting.

Key Functions and Mandates:

• Examine AI Adoption: The committee will assess the current level of AI adoption in the financial services sector, both globally and in India.
• Review Regulatory Approaches: It will review existing regulatory and supervisory frameworks on AI in the financial sector across the world, with a particular focus on how these approaches can be adapted to India.
• Identify Risks and Mitigation: The committee will identify potential risks related to AI and recommend a framework for evaluation, mitigation, and monitoring of AI-related risks in financial institutions (FIs) such as banks, Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs), and FinTechs.
• Recommend Ethical AI Governance: It will propose a framework that includes governance mechanisms for the responsible and ethical adoption of AI models in India’s financial sector.
• Secretarial Support: The RBI’s FinTech Department will provide secretarial support to the committee.

RBI:

• Founded: 1 April 1935, Kolkata
• Incumbent: Sanjay Malhotra
• Headquarters: Mumbai

ICICI Bank and Times Internet Launch ‘Times Black ICICI Bank Credit Card’

In December 2024, ICICI Bank and Times Internet, the digital arm of Times of India (TOI) Group, launched the “Times Black ICICI Bank Credit Card”, a super-premium co-branded metal card aimed at offering exclusive benefits to high-net-worth individuals.

Key Features of the Card:

Reward Points: Cardholders can earn 2.5% reward points on international spends and 2% reward points on domestic purchases.

Exclusive Access: The card provides exclusive access to premium events organized by The Times Group, ensuring privileged experiences for its holders.

Luxury Travel Benefits:

• The card offers a wide array of luxury travel services, including:
• Visa services at home for a hassle-free experience.
• Unlimited access to lounges at over 1,300 international airports.
• Stay at luxurious hotels and resorts.
• Airport transfers for added convenience.
• Exclusive access to ‘The Quorum Club’, a premium business and lifestyle club.
• Lifestyle management services by CribLife, a luxury concierge service.

Design and Symbolism: The inaugural edition of the card is crafted from metal infused with historic printing plates of The Times of India, symbolizing a blend of legacy and innovation.

Powered by Visa: The Times Black ICICI Bank Credit Card is powered by Visa Inc., ensuring seamless transactions and global acceptance.

ICIC bank:

• Headquarters: Mumbai
• Founded: January 1994 in Vadodara
• Head: Sandeep Bakhshi

PNB and FCAOI Sign MoU to Enhance Agricultural Infrastructure

In December 2024, Punjab National Bank (PNB) and the Federation of Cold Storage Associations of India (FCAOI) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to promote agricultural infrastructure and develop the cold chain network across India. The MoU was signed in the presence of key officials from both organizations, including:

• Atul Kumar Goel, Managing Director (MD) & CEO of PNB
• Kalyan Kumar, Executive Director (ED) of PNB
• Mukesh Aggarwal, President of FCAOI

Key Points:

Objective:

• The MoU aims to promote innovation and upgrade agricultural infrastructure, particularly focusing on storage and cold chain solutions that benefit farmers and agribusinesses.
• The initiative will help reduce post-harvest losses by improving cold storage facilities, which is expected to lead to better prices for farmers and enhance economic growth in rural areas.

Impact on Farmers: The modern storage infrastructure will help farmers by reducing spoilage and waste, ensuring that produce can be stored and transported efficiently. This will result in better profits for farmers and a more sustainable agricultural supply chain.

Economic Growth in Rural Areas: The upgrade in cold storage and agricultural infrastructure is expected to boost the agricultural economy, creating opportunities for rural development and job creation in the sector.

Defence news

18th India -Nepal Military exercise Surya Kiran to commence in Nepal

• The 18th edition of the Surya Kiran military exercise is set to take place in Saljhandi, Nepal from 31st December 2024 to 13th January 2025.
• The Indian Army contingent, consisting of 334 personnel, has already departed for the event. The exercise is hosted alternately by the Indian Army and Nepali Army each year.
• The 17th edition of Surya Kiran was held in Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand from 24th November to 7th December 2023.

Participants: The Indian contingent for the 18th edition includes members from the 11th Gorkha Rifles Regiment, which is historically significant as the first regiment of the Indian Army raised after India’s independence.

The Nepali Army will be represented by the Srijung Battalion.

Objectives and Key Features: The primary aim of Surya Kiran is to foster closer bilateral military relations between India and Nepal, enhancing mutual trust, and sharpening professional skills.

Key Focus Areas of the exercise:

• Joint operations in jungle warfare and counter-terrorism operations.
• Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations, in line with the UN Charter.
• The exercise will provide both armies with an opportunity to enhance their combat skills and operational capabilities, especially in challenging environments.

India-Nepal Defence Relations:

• Strong Defence Ties: India and Nepal share strong military connections, with Nepali Gorkhas being recruited into the Indian Army.
• Honorary Ranks: Both countries traditionally confer honorary ranks on each other’s military heads. Recently, General Upendra Dwivedi (Indian COAS) was awarded the honorary rank of General of the Nepali Army by the Nepali President, and General Ashok Raj Sigdel (Nepali COAS) was honored with the honorary rank of General of the Indian Army by Indian President Droupadi Murmu in December 2024.

Nepal:

• Capital: Kathmandu
• Currency: Nepalese Rupee
• Official language: Nepali

Appointment news

‘Dr. Sandip Shah’ Appointed new Chairperson of NABL-QCI

Government of India has appointed Dr Sandip Shah as the Chairperson of the National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL). Dr Shah succeeds  Prof. Subbanna Ayyappan who conceptualised and launched India’s first Drive-through COVID testing facility.

The NABL is a constituent of the Quality Council of India (QCI) that works to improve the quality of testing and calibration services, ensuring trust in the products and services used by consumers, businesses, and regulators.

About Quality Council of India

• The Quality Council of India was set up in 1996 under the Union Ministry of  Commerce.
• It is a joint venture of the government of India and the three premier Industry bodies-Indian Industry represented by the three premier industry associations- FICCI (Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry);  ASSOCHAM (Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India); and CII (Confederation of Indian Industry).
• It is registered as a non profit organsiation under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860.
• The nodal agency of the QCI is the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Union Ministry of Commerce & Industry.

Salman Khan and Tiger Shroff as Brand Ambassadors for Kho Kho World Cup 2025

In December 2024, the Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI) announced Salman Khan and Tiger Shroff as the brand ambassadors for the Kho Kho World Cup 2025. The inaugural edition of this event will take place from 13th to 19th January 2025 in New Delhi and Noida, at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium and Noida Indoor Stadium.

Key Highlights:

Announcement Event:

The announcement was made during an event at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, New Delhi, which was attended by KKFI President Sudhanshu Mittal, KKFI General Secretary MS Tyagi, and members of the Indian men’s and women’s Kho Kho teams.

Tournament Details: The Kho Kho World Cup 2025 will feature 21 men’s teams and 20 women’s teams from 24 countries.

Official Logo and Tagline: The official logo and tagline for the World Cup, #TheWorldGoesKho, were unveiled by KKFI in October 2024.

State news

Government of Andhra Pradesh Declares ‘Ratha Saptami’ as a State Festival

In December 2024, the Andhra Pradesh (AP) government announced the declaration of ‘Ratha Saptami’ as a State festival. The festival will be celebrated for three days at the Sri Suryanarayana Swamy Temple in Arasavalli, Srikakulam, AP.

Key Highlights:

Festival Dates for 2025: Ratha Saptami will be celebrated from February 4 to February 6, 2025.

Significance:

• The festival marks the birthday of Lord Surya (Sun God), also known as Surya Jayanti.
• It emphasizes Andhra Pradesh’s cultural and spiritual heritage, boosts the local economy, and enhances religious tourism in the state.

Cultural Importance: Ratha Saptami is symbolic of the transition from winter to spring, marking the harvesting season’s commencement.

About Ratha Saptami:

Religious Observance:

• Celebrated in the Hindu month of Magha (February/March), the festival is dedicated to Lord Sri Suryanarayana Swamy.
• Devotees worship the Sun God as a symbol of energy and prosperity.

Venue: The main festivities occur at the Sri Suryanarayana Swamy Temple in Arasavalli, a renowned pilgrimage site in Srikakulam Town, Andhra Pradesh.

Andhra Pradesh:

• Capital: Amaravati
• Chief minister: N. Chandrababu Naidu
• Governor: Syed Abdul Nazeer

Punjab Achieves 100% Piped Water Supply Under Jal Jeevan Mission

In December 2024, Punjab became the fifth state in India to achieve 100% piped water supply to rural households under the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) – Har Ghar Jal (HGJ) Scheme. This achievement was announced by Hardeep Singh Mundian, the Ministry for Water Supply and Sanitation of Punjab, under the leadership of Chief Minister Bhagwant Singh Mann.

Key Highlights:

• 100% Piped Water Supply: Punjab is the fifth state to provide 100% piped water supply, benefiting rural households with clean drinking water.
• Milestone: As of December 2024, 11 states and Union Territories (UTs) have achieved 100% coverage, and all states/UTs have over 50% coverage in rural tap water connections.

Punjab’s Ongoing Development Projects:

Water Quality and Scarcity Solutions: 15 major canal water projects with an investment of Rs. 2,174 crore are being implemented across 1,706 villages to benefit around 25 lakh people.

Open Defecation Free (ODF) Status: All villages in Punjab have achieved ODF status under the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), with the construction of 5.64 lakh individual toilets and 1,340 community toilets.

Waste Management:

• Waste management facilities have been established in 3,366 villages for solid waste and 9,909 villages for grey water management.
• 23 plastic waste management units have been set up at the block level in rural areas.

Biogas Plants: 20 biogas plants have been set up to manage cow dung in shelters in partnership with Punjab Energy Development Agency (PEDA).

About Har Ghar Jal Scheme:

Launched by: Ministry of Jal Shakti (MoJS), Government of India in 2019.

Objective: To provide 55 liters of tap water per person per day to every rural household.

States and UTs with 100% Tap Water Supply:

• Goa, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Puducherry, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Arunachal Pradesh, Haryana, and Punjab.
• Conclusion: Punjab’s achievement in providing piped water to rural households reflects the state’s commitment to improving water supply, sanitation, and overall rural development.

Punjab:

• Capital: Chandigarh
• Chief minister: Bhagwant Mann
• Governor: Gulab Chand Kataria

India’s First Sports Management Mobile App Launched in Andhra Pradesh

On December , 2024, the Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh (SAAP) launched the ‘Kreeda App’, India’s first mobile app dedicated to enhancing sports management. The app was launched by Mandipalli Ramprasadh Reddy, Minister for Youth and Sports of Andhra Pradesh, at an event in Vijayawada.

Key Features of the Kreeda App:

One-Stop Solution for Athletes: Athletes can update profiles, track performance, and access achievement certificates via DigiLocker.

Enhanced Sports Management: Features for tracking coaches’ performance, real-time inventory management, addressing grievances, and asset management.

Central Sports Calendar: A comprehensive calendar to help players apply for tournaments efficiently.

Transparency and Efficiency:

• Prevents misuse of sports quota certificates.
• Facilitates player registration, performance tracking, tournament applications, and equipment management.

Significance:

Digital Achievement Certificates: Currently, only Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu issue digital certificates for sports achievements or participation.

Impact:

• The app aims to streamline sports administration, making it easier for athletes and officials to manage sports activities while promoting transparency and efficiency.
• This innovative step by Andhra Pradesh demonstrates a significant stride toward leveraging technology to support sports development and administration in India.

Andhra Pradesh:

• Capital: Amaravati
• Chief minister: N. Chandrababu Naidu
• Governor: Syed Abdul Nazeer

Science and tech news

ISRO to Launch SpaDeX Mission

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to launch its Space Docking Experiment, SpaDeX, on Monday. In an interview, Minister of State for Space Dr. Jitendra Singh today said that ISRO’s year-end mission will be a historic one as it will seek the rare feat of docking or merging two satellites in space.

Significance:

• Marks India’s entry into the elite group of nations mastering space docking technology.
• Demonstrates India’s indigenous capability in advanced space technologies.

Technology:

• PSLV Rocket: Launch vehicle for SpaDeX.
• Bhartiya Docking System: Indigenous system used for docking.

Minister’s Remarks:

• Dr. Jitendra Singh emphasized the mission as a historic milestone for India’s space program.
• Highlights ISRO’s capability to execute complex space maneuvers.
• This mission will position India at the forefront of space exploration and technology.

ISRO:

• Founded: 15 August 1969
• Headquarters: Bengaluru
• Head: Sreedhara Panicker Somanath

Ranks and report news

Country records highest-ever coal production in the year 2023-24.

India has witnessed the highest ever coal production in 2023-24 year. The all-India coal production in the year 2023-24 was 997.826 Million Tonne (MT) in comparison to 893.191 Million Tonne in the year 2022-23 with a growth of about 11.71 percent. The Ministry of coal in statement said that the country has supplied about 963.11 MT of coal till 15th of this Month.

Coal Production Figures:

• Total coal production in 2023-24: 997.826 Million Tonnes (MT).
• Comparison with 2022-23: Increased from 893.191 MT, showing a growth of 11.71%.
• Coal supply till 15th December 2023: 963.11 MT.

Coking Coal Production:

• Domestic raw coking coal production: 66.821 MT in 2023-24.
• Future projections: Under the ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative, domestic coking coal production is expected to reach 140 MT in the next five years.

Significance:

• India achieved its highest-ever coal production, reflecting the success of government initiatives and increased domestic supply.
• Focus on increasing self-reliance in coal production, reducing dependence on imports.

IRDAI Annual Report 2023-24: Key Highlights of Non-Life Insurance Industry

According to the Annual Report 2023-24 of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI), claims ratio(the net incurred claims to net earned premium) of non-life insurance industry declined to 82.52% for the Financial Year 2023-24(FY24), compared to 82.95% in FY23.

Total Premium Underwritten:

• The non-life insurance sector in India underwrote a total direct premium of Rs 2.90 lakh crore in FY24, showing a growth of 12.76% from the previous year.
• The growth was mainly driven by increased premiums in health and motor insurance.

Insurance Penetration: Insurance penetration in India stood at 3.7% for FY24, a decrease from 4% in FY23.

Public vs Private Sector Performance: Public sector general insurers saw an increase in their contribution by 8.88%, rising from Rs 82,891 crore in FY23 to Rs 90,252 crore in FY24.

Private sector insurers, including standalone health insurers, underwrote Rs 1.88 trillion in FY24, up from Rs 1.58 trillion in FY23.

Life Insurance Benefits: The life insurance sector paid total benefits of Rs 5.77 lakh crore in FY24, accounting for 70.22% of the net premium.

About IRDAI:

• Constitution and Establishment: IRDAI was constituted in 1999 and became a statutory body in April 2000.
• Chairperson: Debasish Panda
• Headquarters: Hyderabad, Telangana

Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) for 2023-24

In December 2024, the National Statistical Office (NSO), under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), released the results of the Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) for the period October 2023 to September 2024. The report highlights key developments in the unincorporated non-agricultural sector:

Key Highlights:

Employment Creation: Fresh employment generation slowed during the period, with an increase of 10.97 million jobs, down from 11.74 million in the previous year (October 2022-September 2023).

Growth in Establishments: The number of new establishments in the unincorporated sector grew significantly, from 5.34 million in 2022-23 to 8.35 million in 2023-24.

Total Number of Establishments: The total number of unincorporated establishments increased from 65 million in 2022-23 to 73.4 million in 2023-24, showing a growth of 12.48%.

Employment in the Sector: The number of workers employed in the sector rose from 109.6 million (October 2022-September 2023) to 120.6 million (October 2023-September 2024).

Conclusion: The ASUSE report reflects continued growth in the unincorporated non-agricultural sector, with a notable increase in the number of establishments and workers employed. However, the growth in fresh job creation showed a slight decline compared to the previous year.

About MoSPI: Minister of State (MOS) (Independent Charge): Rao Inderjit Singh (Constituency: Gurugram, Haryana)

Obituary news

Architect of the Car Revolution in India Osamu Suzuki passes away

Osamu Suzuki, founder and former chairman of Suzuki Motor Corporation, passed away at the age of 94. He was suffering from lymphoma, a type of blood cancer.

Legacy and Contributions:

• Leadership at Suzuki: Osamu Suzuki was at the helm of Suzuki Motor Corporation for over 40 years, during which he transformed the company into a global automobile powerhouse. He played a crucial role in establishing Maruti Suzuki India Limited, which revolutionized the Indian car industry with the Maruti 800 — a small, affordable car that became a symbol of personal mobility for millions in India.
• Suzuki’s Entry into India: Despite initial resistance from both the Japanese embassy in India and the general reluctance of foreign companies to invest in India at the time, Suzuki took a bold step to establish operations in the country. This decision, driven by Suzuki’s vision, led to the creation of Maruti Udyog Limited in 1981, which later became Maruti Suzuki India Limited. His investment laid the foundation for Suzuki’s success in India, making it a key player in the global automobile market.

Business Expansion:

Partnerships: Under Suzuki’s leadership, Suzuki forged strategic ties with General Motors and Volkswagen, expanding the company’s footprint in North America and Europe.

Global Expansion: Suzuki became a significant player in small cars and motorcycles, with a focus on affordable and fuel-efficient vehicles.

Maruti Suzuki’s Impact in India:

Maruti 800: Launched in 1983, the Maruti 800 changed the landscape of India’s passenger car industry, providing affordable cars for the masses.

• Production Milestones: Maruti Suzuki India now produces over 20 lakh vehicles per year. India has become a key hub for small cars, and Suzuki’s cumulative production in India reached 3 crore vehicles by March 2024, making India the second country after Japan to achieve this milestone.
• Recognition: In 2007, the Government of India conferred the Padma Bhushan, India’s third-highest civilian award, on Osamu Suzuki for his monumental contribution to the Indian automobile sector and for strengthening the India-Japan relationship.

Renowned Malayalam Writer and Filmmaker MT Vasudevan Nair Passes Away at 91

MT Vasudevan Nair, renowned Malayalam writer, filmmaker, and recipient of the Padma Bhushan, passed away at the age of 91 in Kozhikode, Kerala. Born in 1933 in Kudallur, Kerala, MT Vasudevan Nair, popularly known as MT, was a towering figure in Malayalam literature and cinema.

About MT Vasudevan Nair:

Career in Journalism:

• Began his career as a sub-editor at the Malayalam weekly ‘Mathrubhumi’ in 1956.
• Became the editor of ‘Mathrubhumi’ in 1968.

Literary Contributions:

Authored 9 novels, 19 collections of short stories, and numerous essays and memoirs over his 70-year career.

Notable works include:

• Naalukettu
• Randamoozham
• Manju
• Kaalam
• Asuravithu
• Iruttinte Athmavu

Contributions to Cinema:

• Directed 6 films, including the critically acclaimed Nirmalyam.
• Directed two documentaries.

Wrote approximately 54 screenplays, earning:

• 4 National Awards
• 11 Kerala State Awards

Awards and Honors: Conferred the Padma Bhushan in 2005, India’s third-highest civilian honor.

Books and author news

Deepa Malik’s Memoir ‘Bring It On: The Incredible Story of My Life’ to be Released by HarperCollins India

In December 2024, HarperCollins Publishers India Private Limited, headquartered in Gurgaon, Haryana, announced the release of “Bring It On: The Incredible Story of My Life”, a memoir by Deepa Malik, India’s first female Paralympic medalist.

Highlights of the Memoir:

Inspiring Journey:

• The book narrates Deepa Malik’s incredible journey of resilience and determination.
• She overcame challenges such as surviving three spinal tumors, societal biases, patriarchy, and political struggles.
• Her story exemplifies her fight to excel as a wheelchair-liberated athlete.

Achievements and Accolades:

• Deepa Malik is a leading para-athlete with 23 international medals to her name.
• She created history by becoming India’s first female Paralympic medalist, winning a silver medal at the Rio Paralympics 2016.

Recognized with numerous honors, including:

Padma Shri: Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award (now Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna)

Arjuna Award: Four Limca Book of Records (LBR) entries.

Leadership Roles:

• Served as the first female president of the Paralympic Committee of India (PCI).
• Currently represents South Asia on the board of the Asian Paralympic Committee (APC).
• Holds three honorary doctorates and the Asian Order for her contributions.

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National news

India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2023:

The 18th edition of the India State of Forest Report (ISFR 2023) was released on December 21, 2024, by Union Minister Bhupender Yadav at the Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun, Uttarakhand.

Forest & Tree Cover Statistics:

Total forest and tree cover in India stands at 827,357 sq km (25.17% of the country’s geographical area).

• Forest cover: 715,343 sq km (21.76% of India’s area).
• Tree cover: 112,014 sq km (3.41% of India’s area).

The total area of forest cover has increased by 1,445 sq km since 2021, with a notable rise of 156 sq km in forest cover.

Top States with Largest Forest Cover:

• Madhya Pradesh (MP) has the highest forest cover at 77,073 sq km.
• Arunachal Pradesh (AR) follows with 65,882 sq km.
• Chhattisgarh ranks third with 55,812 sq km.

About Forest Survey of India (FSI): FSI was established in 1981, evolving from the Pre-Investment Survey of Forest Resources (PISFR), a project initiated in 1965 by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the Government of India (GoI).

The ISFR is published biennially, and it provides valuable insights into the state of forest resources in India.

Losar Festivities Illuminate Ladakh with Culture and Unity

Ladakhi Losar, marking the New Year in the Tibetan calendar, is a vibrant festival celebrated with great enthusiasm across Ladakh. Deeply rooted in the region’s culture and heritage, Losar is more than a festive occasion; it is a time for reflection, community bonding, and the preservation of Ladakhi traditions. This year’s celebrations are particularly notable as they coincide with Christmas and New Year, creating a grand and inclusive festive atmosphere.

Overview:

• Ladakhi Losar marks the New Year in the Tibetan calendar, celebrated with enthusiasm across Ladakh.
• Organized by LAHDC Leh with the Culture Academy, Leh.
• Festivities (Dec 20-31) included cultural performances, choirs, and market promotions in Leh.

Purpose & Vision:

• Bring traditions closer to urban areas and inspire villagers to preserve customs.
• Offer tourists a glimpse into Ladakhi heritage.

Culture & Heritage:

• Focus on preserving traditions while adapting to modern times.
• Promoted eco-friendly practices like cleaning homes, lighting butter lamps, and fostering harmony.
• Featured traditional dishes and community feasts.

Adapting Traditions:

• Emphasis on systematic adaptation to balance heritage and change.
• Gradual development respecting Ladakhi societal values.

Cultural Documentation: LAHDC’s initiative documents the culture of 133 villages in Leh through audio, video, and written formats for preservation.

Significance:

• Promotes unity, wisdom, and harmony.
• Highlights Ladakhi culture globally with messages of love, kindness, and peace.

Ladakh:

• Capitals: Leh, Kargil
• Lieutenant Governor: B. D. Mishra

Indore Airport Launches Waste Processing Unit In Green Initiative

IndiGo’s CSR initiative, IndiGoReach, has launched the Zero Waste Airport Project at Indore Airport, in partnership with the Airports Authority of India (AAI) and AAS Foundation, Indore. This project aims to create a sustainable and eco-friendly airport by utilizing the 4R strategy: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Recover. By reducing the environmental impact of airport operations, the initiative sets a new benchmark for waste management in aviation, focusing on behavioral change, stakeholder engagement, and training.

Key Features:

Material Recovery Facility (MRF):

• Inaugurated by Shri Rammohan Naidu, Union Minister of Civil Aviation.
• Sorts dry waste into 10 categories for recycling.
• Offers guided tours to showcase waste segregation processes.

Wet Waste Processing Unit:

• Converts organic waste into nutrient-rich compost.
• Compost used for airport landscaping.

Delhi Waste Management Plant: Processes 750 kg of daily waste on-site, reducing landfill dependency.

Self-Sustaining Model: Income from compost and recycled materials will fund green workers’ salaries from the third year onward.

Public Awareness and Engagement: Campaigns and waste segregation practices encourage responsible waste disposal by passengers and staff.

Madhya Pradesh:

• Capital: Bhopal (Executive Branch)
• Governor: Mangubhai C. Patel
• CM: Dr. Mohan Yadav

Agreement news

GSV and Indian Navy Sign MoU to Enhance Logistics Education and Research

In December 2024, Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya (GSV) based in Vadodara, Gujarat, and the Indian Navy (IN) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to improve logistics education, research, and training for the Navy.

Key Details:

• Signatories: The MoU was signed by Vice Admiral Deepak Kapoor, Controller of Logistics of the Indian Navy, and Professor Manoj Choudhary, Vice-Chancellor of GSV.
• Objective: The partnership aims to strengthen the Indian Navy’s logistics capabilities by focusing on supply chain management, integrated transportation systems, and sustainable logistics practices.
• Technology Integration: The MoU also promotes the sharing of expertise and case studies on Artificial Intelligence (AI), predictive analytics, and blockchain technology to improve logistics operations.
• National Initiatives: The collaboration aligns with and supports significant national projects like the Pradhan Mantri Gati Shakti National Master Plan (PMGS-NMP) 2021 and the National Logistics Policy (NLP) 2022.

About GSV: Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya (GSV) was established in 2022 as a central university under the Ministry of Railways (MOR), aiming to advance education in logistics and related fields.

Gujarat:

• Capital: Gandhinagar
• Governor: Acharya Devvrat
• Chief minister: Bhupendra Patel

Banking news

ADB to Lend USD $500 Million to India for Sustainable Infrastructure

On December, 2024, the Government of India and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) signed a $500 million loan agreement.

The loan, with a sovereign guarantee, will support green infrastructure projects aligned with India’s climate goals.

The funds will be channeled through India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited (IIFCL) to finance projects in energy transition, urban development, education, and healthcare.

Key Objectives:

• Empower IIFCL: Focus on integrating green practices in infrastructure development.
• Sustainable Projects: Ensure that infrastructure projects in sectors like energy, connectivity, and healthcare are both economically viable and environmentally sustainable.
• Minimizing Carbon Footprint: Projects will be designed to reduce their carbon footprint, contributing to India’s net-zero emissions target.

Enhancing IIFCL’s Capacity:

• Sustainability Unit: The loan agreement includes establishing a dedicated sustainability unit within IIFCL.
• Environmental Framework: The unit will develop and enforce a sustainability framework, creating a scoring system to assess the green credentials of infrastructure projects.
• Building Institutional Capacity: Strengthening IIFCL’s ability to handle the growing demand for climate-aligned infrastructure in India.

Asian development bank:

• Headquarters: Mandaluyong, Philippines
• Founded: 19 December 1966
• President: Masatsugu Asakawa (until February 23, 2025), Masato Kanda

Award news

100th Edition of Tansen Sangeet Samaroh Celebrated in Gwalior

The 100th edition of the Tansen Sangeet Samaroh, one of India’s most iconic classical music festivals, took place from December 15 to 19, 2024, in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh (MP). This prestigious festival was organized by the Department of Culture, MP, with Dharmendra Singh, the Culture Minister of MP, as the chief guest at the award ceremony.

Highlights of the Event:

Honoring Music Legends: Renowned tabla player Padma Shri Pandit Swapan Chaudhuri was conferred with the ‘Rashtriya Tansen Samman 2023’, recognizing his contributions to Indian classical music.

Raja Mansingh Tomar Samman: The ‘Raja Mansingh Tomar Samman 2023’ was awarded to Sanand Nyas Institution of Indore for its role in preserving and promoting classical music and cultural heritage. The award was accepted by Jayant Madhav Bhise, President, and Sanjeev Babikar, Secretary of Sanand Nyas.

About the Awards:

• Rashtriya Tansen Samman: Established in 1980 by the MP Government, this is India’s highest music award in the classical music field. It includes a cash prize of Rs. 5 lakh and a citation plaque.
• Raja Mansingh Tomar Samman: This award recognizes outstanding contributions to Indian classical music, drama, and cultural events, with a cash prize of Rs. 5 lakh and a citation plaque.
• Pandit Swapan Chaudhuri: Born in 1945 in Kolkata, West Bengal, Pandit Swapan Chaudhuri is a renowned tabla virtuoso.

He has received multiple prestigious awards, including the Sangeet Natak Academy Award (1996) and the Padma Shri (2019) in the field of Art-Music-Tabla.

Pandit Chaudhuri has also earned the American Academy of Artists Award and was nominated for the Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame.

Gwalior as UNESCO City of Music: Gwalior, a city known for its rich musical heritage, is recognized by UNESCO as a City of Music, reflecting its historical significance in the cultural and classical music landscape.

69th Ati Vishisht Rail Seva Puraskar (AVRSP 2024) Conferred to Railway Officials

In December 2024, Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, representing the Ministry of Railways (MOR), Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MoI&B), and Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), presented the prestigious 69th Ati Vishisht Rail Seva Puraskar (AVRSP 2024) to 101 Railway officials and 22 Railway Zones at a ceremony held at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.

The theme for this year’s ceremony was “Mai Hoon Bhartiya Rail,” celebrating the pride and dedication of Indian Railways.

Key Highlights of the Ceremony:

Dignitaries Present: The event was attended by Satish Kumar, Chairman & CEO of the Railway Board, Union Minister of State (MOS) V Somanna (MoR and Ministry of Jal Shakti), Union MoS Ravneet Singh (MoR and Ministry of Food Processing Industries), along with members of the Railway Board and General Managers (GMs) from various Railway Zones and Production Units.

About the Ati Vishisht Rail Seva Puraskar: The AVRSP is awarded to railway employees for exceptional performance in various fields.

The awards are presented in two categories:

• Individual Awards: Recognizing personal achievements in different aspects of railway services.
• Shields to Best-Performing Railway Zones: Awarded to the top-performing zones for their excellence.

Key Areas of Recognition:

Innovation and Productivity Enhancement: 15 employees and officers were honored for driving innovation and improving productivity, focusing on reducing import dependency and promoting indigenous technology.

Bravery and Selflessness in Safeguarding Lives: 16 employees were recognized for their exceptional bravery and selfless acts in ensuring the safety of passengers and staff, particularly in safeguarding railway property and preventing accidents.

About Indian Railways (IR):

• Chairman & CEO: Satish Kumar
• Headquarters: New Delhi, Delhi
• Established: 1853

Science and tech news

Shenzhou-19 Astronauts Set World Record for Longest Spacewalk

In December 2024, two astronauts from China’s Shenzhou-19 mission aboard the Tiangong Space Station (TSS) successfully completed their first Extravehicular Activity (EVA), setting a new world record for the longest spacewalk, lasting 9 hours. This historic achievement surpassed the previous record of 8 hours 56 minutes, set by NASA astronauts James Voss and Susan Helms in 2001.

Key Details:

• Mission Commander Cai Xuzhe and Song Lingdong conducted the spacewalk outside the Tiangong Space Station in Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
• The astronauts wore second-generation “Feitian” spacesuits, which marked a significant advancement over the first-generation suits used in China’s first spacewalk in 2008.
• During the spacewalk, they completed tasks such as installing debris protection on the exterior of the space station.

History of Spacewalks:

• 1965: The Soviet Union became the first country to conduct a spacewalk, lasting about 12 minutes.
• 2008: China’s first spacewalk was performed by Zhai Zhigang during the Shenzhou-7 mission, lasting nearly 19 minutes.
• May 2024: Shenzhou-18 astronauts Ye Guangfu and Li Guangsu set China’s previous EVA record of 8.5 hours working outside the TSS.

About Shenzhou-19 Mission:

Launch Date: October 2024

• The Shenzhou-19 spaceship was launched with Mission Commander Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong, and Wang Haoze onboard. The mission will last 6 months, and its purpose is to continue operations at the Tiangong Space Station.
• The spacecraft was launched atop a Long March-2F carrier rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in northwest China.

About China:

• President: Xi Jinping
• Capital: Beijing
• Currency: Renminbi (CNY)

State news

Governance Reshuffle: President Droupadi Murmu’s New Appointments and Transfers

In a significant move to address political, administrative, and security challenges, President Droupadi Murmu announced the appointment of two new governors and reassigned three others across five states. This reshuffle is part of a strategic approach to strengthen leadership in regions facing unrest, administrative issues, and security concerns. The states involved are Kerala, Bihar, Odisha, Manipur, and Mizoram.

• Ajay Kumar Bhalla Appointed as Governor of Manipur Replaces: Anusuiya Uikey
• Arif Mohammed Khan Transferred to governor Bihar Previous Role: Governor of Kerala
• Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar Transferred to governor Kerala Previous Role: Governor of Bihar
• Hari Babu Kambhampati Transferred to governor Odisha Previous Role: Governor of Mizoram
• General Dr. Vijay Kumar Singh Appointed as Governor of Mizoram Replaces: Hari Babu Kambhampati

Political and Administrative Implications

Addressing Regional Challenges: Ajay Kumar Bhalla’s appointment to Manipur is vital due to the state’s ongoing ethnic violence and security concerns. His leadership is expected to bring stability and effective governance.

Balancing Political Dynamics: The exchange of governors between Kerala and Bihar reflects efforts to ease political tensions and ensure smoother governance in both states.

Strategic Appointments:

• General V.K. Singh’s military experience brings a strategic perspective to Mizoram, enhancing its security framework.
• Hari Babu Kambhampati’s transfer to Odisha ensures continuity in leadership and administration.

Administrative Expertise:

• All appointments highlight the emphasis on appointing experienced and capable leaders to address the complex challenges facing these states.
• This reshuffle aims to strengthen governance and resolve key issues in these states, ensuring more effective leadership in the face of growing political, administrative, and security concerns.

Dr. Ambedkar Samman Yojana

The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP), led by Arvind Kejriwal, has introduced the Dr. Ambedkar Samman Yojana, aiming to support Dalit students pursuing higher education abroad. The announcement, made just before the Delhi Assembly elections, is seen as a strategic move to win over Dalit voters, linking the initiative with the legacy of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s vision of educational empowerment for marginalized communities.

Purpose of the Scheme

Objective: To support Dalit students pursuing higher education abroad.

Coverage: The scheme will cover all educational expenses, including:

• Tuition fees
• Travel costs

Other essential expenditures

Goal: To remove financial barriers, ensuring Dalit students can pursue their educational aspirations without monetary constraints.

Political Context and Criticism

• Announcement Timing: Just before the Delhi Assembly elections, AAP introduced the scheme to appeal to Dalit voters by linking it to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s legacy.
• Opposition: The BJP has criticized the initiative, accusing AAP of rebranding unfulfilled promises from previous years and questioning its transparency and funding.
• AAP’s Defense: AAP’s Chief Minister, Atishi, emphasized the government’s consistent commitment to education, pointing out that 25% of the Delhi government’s budget has been allocated to education in the last decade. The new scholarship program is presented as part of the effort to realize Dr. Ambedkar’s vision of educational empowerment for marginalized communities.

Appointment news

Tonga Elects Aisake Valu Eke as New Prime Minister

Tonga’s parliament has elected veteran politician Aisake Valu Eke as its new Prime Minister after Siaosi Sovaleni’s abrupt resignation. The political transition comes at a time of significant challenges, including strained monarchy-government relations, economic hardships, and the aftermath of natural disasters.

Maia Sandu Sworn in as President of Moldova for 2nd Term

Ms Maia Sandu was sworn in as the President of the European country of Moldova for her second term of four years on 24 December 2024.

• Ms Maia Sandu first became the President of Moldova in 2020. She is the first woman to become the President of the country after it gained Independence in 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union.
• According to the constitution of Moldova, a person can be the President of the country for two terms of four years each.
• During her rule, the country moved away from Russia and sought closer ties with the European Union. In 2022, Moldova applied for membership in the 27-nation European Union.

About Moldova  It is a landlocked country in Europe.

• Capital: Chișinău
• Currency: Moldovan leu
• President : Maia Sandu

Sports news

33 medals for India at Asian Youth and Junior Weightlifting C’ship 2024

The young Indian weightlifters finished their campaign at the Asian Youth and Junior Weightlifting Championships 2024 with a credible 33 medals – seven gold,16 silver, and 10 bronze medals. Jyoshna Sabar of Uttar Pradesh stood out with three gold medals and a new Asian record.

In the 2023 Asian Youth and Junior Weightlifting Championships held in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, the Indian weightlifting contingent finished with a total of 42 medals.

Organiser &Host of the 2024 Championships: The  Asian Youth and Junior Weightlifting Championships 2024 was organized by the Asian Weightlifting Federation in Doha, Qatar from 19-25 December 2024.

Notable Performers:

• Jyoshna Sabar (Uttar Pradesh) led with 3 Gold Medals and set a new Asian record in the women’s youth 40kg category (Total Lift: 135kg).
• Payal won 2 Gold and 3 Bronze medals.
• Sanjana won 5 Silver medals.

Details of Medal Winners:

Asian Junior Weightlifting Championships 2024:

Silver Medalists:

• Sanjana – Women’s 76kg (Clean and Jerk, Total)
• Nilam Devi – Women’s Junior 55kg (Snatch, Clean and Jerk, Total)
• Maibam Martina Devi – Women’s Junior +87kg (Total, Clean and Jerk)
• Valluri Ajaya Babu – Men’s Junior 81kg (Snatch)

Bronze Medalists:

• Payal – Women’s Junior 45kg (Total, Clean and Jerk)
• Shankar Lapung – Men’s Junior 61kg (Total)
• Maibam Martina Devi – Women’s Junior +87kg (Snatch)

Asian Youth Weightlifting Championships 2024:

Gold Medalists:

• Jyoshna Sabar – Women’s Youth 40kg (Total, Snatch, Clean and Jerk)
• Payal – Women’s Youth 45kg (Total, Snatch)
• Koyel Bar – Women’s Youth 55kg (Clean and Jerk)
• Sairaj Pardeshi – Men’s Youth 81kg (Total)

Silver Medalists:

• Preetismita Bhoi – Women’s 45kg (Clean and Jerk)
• Koyel Bar – Women’s 55kg (Total)
• Sanjana – Women’s 76kg (Snatch, Clean and Jerk, Total)
• Sairaj Pardeshi – Men’s 81kg (Snatch, Clean and Jerk)
• K Oviya – Women’s 81kg (Clean and Jerk)

Bronze Medalists:

• Payal – Women’s 45kg (Clean and Jerk)
• Babulal Hembrom – Men’s 49kg
• Asmita Dhone – Women’s 49kg (Clean and Jerk)
• Koyel Bar – Women’s 55kg (Snatch)
• Parv Chaudhary – Men’s 96kg (Clean and Jerk, Total)

M Raghu & Devika Sihag crowned 2024 Sr National Badminton Champion

Important days

International Day of Epidemic Preparedness

The International Day of Epidemic Preparedness, observed annually on December 27, serves as a global reminder of the critical importance of investing in public health systems to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious disease outbreaks. Established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2020, this observance aims to raise awareness, educate the public, and strengthen partnerships for epidemic preparedness. Born out of the experience with the COVID-19 pandemic, the day highlights the urgent need for resilient healthcare systems and collaborative international efforts to address health threats effectively.

Global Insights:

• The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes building resilient health systems.
• Epidemic preparedness includes raising awareness, sharing scientific knowledge, and implementing education and advocacy programs.
• The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgency for strong public health systems.

Obituary news

Former PM Dr Manmohan Singh passes away at 92

Former Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh passed away in New Delhi last night. He was 92. Dr Singh breathed his last at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi. He was admitted to the Emergency ward of AIIMS around 8 PM in a critical condition.

Dr. Manmohan Singh, former Prime Minister of India, served from 2004 to 2014. Here are some key points about his tenure as Prime Minister:

• Tenure: Dr. Manmohan Singh served as India’s 14th Prime Minister for two consecutive terms, from May 22, 2004, to May 26, 2014.
• Economic Reforms: He is widely credited with being the architect of India’s economic liberalization in the early 1990s as the Finance Minister. As Prime Minister, he continued to implement key economic reforms, including measures aimed at boosting India’s global trade, improving infrastructure, and increasing foreign investment.
• Strengthening Foreign Relations: Dr. Singh played a significant role in strengthening India’s foreign relations, particularly with countries like the United States, Russia, China, and the neighboring South Asian nations. The Indo-US nuclear deal in 2008 was one of the most significant foreign policy achievements of his tenure.
• Leadership During Global Financial Crisis: His leadership during the 2008 global financial crisis was praised for steering India’s economy through turbulent times while maintaining growth rates. His government also introduced several fiscal stimulus measures to counter the global downturn.
• Focus on Social Welfare: Dr. Singh’s government focused on inclusive growth, with a strong emphasis on social welfare programs such as the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) and the Right to Information Act (RTI), which aimed to improve transparency and reduce corruption in governance.

Edusprint Youtube Channel : Edusprint Academy

We at Edusprint Academy are committed to bringing you the most relevant and updated 25th & 26th December current affairs 2024, curated from trusted and official sources. These updates are designed to keep you ahead in your exam preparation journey.

Our comprehensive Current Affairs December 2024 coverage aims to enhance your knowledge and boost your scores in Banking, Insurance, SSC, Railways, UPSC, and all State Government Exams. Explore our Current Affairs tailored to simplify your exam preparation

National news

PM Modi to Distribute Over 58 Lakh Property Cards Under SVAMITVA Scheme

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will distribute over 58 lakh property cards under the SVAMITVA Scheme in a nationwide event on Friday. During the program, he will also interact with beneficiaries of the scheme, which aims to provide rural property owners with proof of ownership for their properties in Village Abadi or inhabited areas.

Key Features of the SVAMITVA Scheme:

• Property Ownership: The scheme provides property owners with a record of rights for their properties, serving as official proof of ownership.
• Economic Empowerment: These ownership documents can be used for monetisation, allowing landowners to secure credit and loans.
• Dispute Resolution: It helps reduce property-related disputes in rural areas.
• Planning and Tax Collection: The scheme will improve comprehensive village-level planning and assist in boosting property tax collection.

Progress Under the Scheme:

The Ministry of Panchayati Raj reports that:

• Around 3.17 lakh villages have been surveyed using drone technology.
• Over 1.37 crore square meters of residential land has been mapped.
• Nearly 2 crore property cards have been created, marking significant progress in the implementation of the scheme.

Significance:

• Economic Growth: By enabling property owners to access financial resources, the scheme fosters economic growth in rural areas.
• Strengthened Governance: The SVAMITVA scheme supports better management and planning at the village level.
• National Rollout: The event will see participation from various Union Ministers and Chief Ministers, joining online from different parts of the country.

Panchayati Raj Secretary’s Remarks: Speaking to the media, Vivek Bhardwaj, Secretary of the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, highlighted the transformative potential of the scheme. He emphasized the milestone of creating 2 crore property cards and its impact on reducing disputes and enhancing planning in rural India.

This initiative underscores the government’s commitment to empowering rural communities, streamlining property rights, and fostering sustainable development.

About that scheme:

About the SVAMITVA Scheme

• Full Form: SVAMITVA stands for Survey of Villages Abadi and Mapping with Improvised Technology in Village Areas.
• Launch Date: The scheme was launched on 24th April 2020, on the occasion of National Panchayati Raj Day.
• Implementing Ministry: Ministry of Panchayati Raj.

Objective:

• To provide property ownership rights to rural household owners in abadi areas (inhabited lands).
• Facilitate the creation of accurate land records for rural planning.
• Minimise disputes related to property.
• Enhance financial inclusion by enabling property owners to use their land as a financial asset for loans.

PM Modi Lays Foundation for India’s 1st Ken-Betwa River Linking Project in Madhya Pradesh

Prime Minister Narendra Modi today laid the foundation stone for the Ken-Betwa National River Linking Project in Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, marking the 100th birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The project is India’s first ambitious multipurpose national river linking initiative.

In addition to launching the river linking project, PM Modi inaugurated the Omkareshwar Floating Solar Project and performed the Bhoomi Pujan of 1,153 Atal Gram Sushasan Bhawans. He also released a stamp and coin in memory of Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

Key Highlights:

Ken-Betwa National River Linking Project:

• The project is worth Rs 44,605 crore, with 90% of the funding provided by the Central Government and 10% by the respective State Governments.
• It will irrigate over 8 lakh hectares of land and benefit more than 7 lakh farmer families in 2,000 villages across 10 districts of Madhya Pradesh.
• The project will also provide drinking water to a population of 44 lakh in Madhya Pradesh and 21 lakh in Uttar Pradesh.
• It will generate 103 MW of hydropower and 27 MW of solar power, supporting both energy and irrigation needs.
• It aims to address water disputes and improve water levels in the drought-prone Bundelkhand region, while promoting industrialization, tourism, and providing employment opportunities.

Madhya Pradesh:

• Capital: Bhopal (Executive Branch)
• Governor: Mangubhai C. Patel
• CM: Mohan Yadav

Prime Minister Narendra Modi to participate in Veer Baal Diwas celebrations at Bharat Mandapam

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will participate in Veer Baal Diwas today, a national celebration dedicated to honoring the courage and sacrifice of the Sahibzades, the sons of Guru Gobind Singh, who gave their lives for justice. The event will take place at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi, where the Prime Minister will address the gathering. The day, observed annually on December 26, was first announced by Modi in 2022, with a focus on celebrating children as the future of India.

Key Highlights of the Event:

• Suposhit Gram Panchayat Abhiyan Launch: The Prime Minister will launch this initiative aimed at improving nutritional outcomes and overall well-being, strengthening the implementation of nutrition-related services, and ensuring community participation.
• Event Attendance: Around 3,500 children, including the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar awardees, along with dignitaries, will attend the event.

Engagement Activities:

• Nationwide Initiatives: The celebration will include online competitions, quizzes, and activities through platforms like MyGov and MyBharat.
• Creative and Educational Activities: Schools, Child Care Institutions, and Anganwadi centres will engage in storytelling, creative writing, poster-making, and other interactive events.

UDAAN Yatri Cafe: A Solution To Expensive Airport Food

To address growing concerns about overpriced food and beverages at airports, the Indian government has launched the ‘Udaan Yatri Cafe’ initiative. This project aims to offer affordable refreshments to passengers, starting with a pilot at Kolkata’s Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport. The initiative was proposed after Rajya Sabha MP Raghav Chadha raised the issue in Parliament, emphasizing the need to reduce the financial burden on air travelers.

Role of Raghav Chadha:

• Advocacy in Parliament: Highlighted overpriced food and beverages at airports.
• Examples: Water bottles priced at ₹100; tea at ₹200-250.
• Additional Concerns: Raised issues of overcrowding and mismanagement, comparing airports to bus stands.
• Public Impact: Praised widely for addressing concerns of ordinary citizens.

Public Support:

• Citizens and social media users welcomed the initiative.
• Ladakh Connection: Konchok Stanzin highlighted the relief for remote regions like Ladakh.

Republic Day 2025: 15 States, 11 Ministries to Present Tableaux

The Ministry of Defence announced the theme for the Republic Day 2025 tableaux as “Swarnim Bharat: Virasat aur Vikas” (Golden India: Heritage and Development). This year’s tableaux will showcase the dynamic relationship between India’s rich heritage and its ongoing development. The display will take place on Kartavya Path and feature creative exhibits from various states, Union Territories, and central ministries. Aimed at highlighting India’s diversity, the Republic Day tableaux will offer a glimpse of the country’s cultural roots and modern progress.

Theme for 2025 Tableaux

• Title: “Swarnim Bharat: Virasat aur Vikas” (Golden India: Heritage and Development).
• Objective: To depict the harmonious relationship between India’s rich cultural heritage and its strides in development.

Event Overview

• Occasion: Annual Republic Day Parade.
• Location: Kartavya Path (formerly Rajpath), New Delhi.

Participants:

• States and Union Territories (15): Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli & Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal.
• Union Ministries and Departments (11): Various central ministries and departments will also showcase their creative exhibits.

Key Features

Focus:

• India’s cultural diversity and modern development.
• Balance between tradition (Virasat) and progress (Vikas).

Alternative Showcase:

Bharat Parv: States and UTs not selected for the parade can display their tableaux at the Bharat Parv held at the Red Fort from January 26 to 31, 2025.

Selection Process

Submission of Proposals: States, UTs, and Union Ministries invited to present proposals.

Evaluation by Expert Committee: The committee included professionals from art, culture, music, architecture, and choreography.

Selection Criteria:

• Originality: Unique and fresh concepts.
• Creativity: Innovative and artistic presentation.
• Aesthetic Composition: Visually appealing designs.
• Representation of Heritage and Development: Effective portrayal of India’s rich traditions and developmental achievements.

Feedback and Enhancements: Recommendations from a senior-level meeting in April 2024 were incorporated to improve the quality and diversity of tableaux.

Avoidance of Repetition: Proposals with repetitive or redundant ideas were excluded to maintain variety.

Centre Ends No Detention Rules In Schools

The government of India abolished the ‘No-detention policy’ for students in class 5 and 8 who fail their year end exams. This significant amendment to the Right of children to free and compulsory education rules, 2010 is aimed at improving learning outcomes among students. The revised policy mandates that students who failed their annual exams will be required to retake within two months, failing which they will have to repeat the academic year.

Policy Amendment: The ‘No-Detention Policy’ ensured automatic promotion for students up to Class 8, regardless of their academic performance.

Abolition for Classes 5 and 8:

• Students failing their year-end exams must retake the exams within two months.
• If they fail the retake, they will repeat the academic year.

Objective:

• To improve learning outcomes among students.
• Encourage accountability in education by ensuring academic standards are met.

Applicability

Centrally Run Schools:

Over 3,000 schools under the central government are impacted, including:

• Kendriya Vidyalayas (KVs).
• Sainik Schools.
• Navodaya Vidyalayas.

State-Specific Decisions: Education as a State Subject: Individual states retain the autonomy to implement or modify the policy.

Implementation Status:

• Implemented: 16 states and 2 Union Territories (UTs), including Delhi, have adopted the revised rule.
• Pending Decisions: Haryana and Puducherry are yet to finalize their stance.

State news

Madhya Pradesh Named “Go-To Global Destination for 2025” by WSJ

Madhya Pradesh has earned global recognition as one of the Wall Street Journal’s “Go-To Global Destinations for 2025,” showcasing its rich heritage, unique wildlife, and natural beauty. This prestigious acknowledgment builds upon the state’s ongoing efforts to establish itself as a premier travel destination. With iconic UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Khajuraho, Panna, and Bandhavgarh, as well as an array of vibrant cultural experiences, Madhya Pradesh is solidifying its position on the global tourism map.

International Recognition:

• Madhya Pradesh has earned a spot on the Wall Street Journal’s “Go-To Global Destinations for 2025” list.
• This recognition highlights the state’s growing appeal as a premier travel destination for history, culture, and nature enthusiasts.

Cultural and Natural Heritage:

The state is renowned for its UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including:

• Khajuraho: Famous for its intricately carved temples and UNESCO World Heritage status.
• Panna: Known for its rich biodiversity and the Panna Tiger Reserve.
• Bandhavgarh: A popular wildlife destination, home to one of India’s richest tiger reserves.

Tourism Opportunities:

• Vibrant Cultural Experiences: Madhya Pradesh is celebrated for its traditional festivals, architecture, and cultural richness.
• Wildlife and Adventure: The state boasts nine Tiger Reserves and is home to diverse wildlife, attracting eco-tourists and wildlife enthusiasts.
• Stunning Landscapes: The state’s natural beauty, including forests, rivers, and mountain ranges, provides a variety of tourism experiences.

Significance of the Recognition

• International Appeal: Being named as a “Go-To Destination” enhances Madhya Pradesh’s visibility on the global tourism map, particularly among travelers looking for off-the-beaten-path experiences.
• Cultural Pride: This acknowledgment reflects the state’s rich history and cultural significance, helping foster pride among residents and stakeholders.
• Economic Impact: Increased international tourism will contribute to the local economy, benefiting hospitality, transport, and local artisans.

Appointment news

Justice GS Sandhawalia as Chief Justice of Himachal Pradesh High Court

The Centre has officially notified the appointment of Justice Gurmeet Singh Sandhawalia as the new Chief Justice of the Himachal Pradesh High Court. Justice Sandhawalia, the senior-most puisne Judge of the Punjab and Haryana High Court, has been appointed following a recommendation by the Supreme Court Collegium. His appointment comes after a delay of more than three months and after the retirement of Justice Rajiv Shakdher in October 2024.

Appointment Notification:

• Justice Gurmeet Singh Sandhawalia has been officially appointed as the Chief Justice of Himachal Pradesh High Court.
• This appointment follows the recommendation by the Supreme Court Collegium and is effective from the date he assumes office.
• His appointment comes after a delay of over three months, following the retirement of Justice Rajiv Shakdher in October 2024.

Legal Background of Justice Sandhawalia:

Educational Qualifications:

• He graduated in BA (Hons) from DAV College, Chandigarh.
• He earned his law degree from Panjab University, Chandigarh.

Professional Experience: Justice Sandhawalia was enrolled as an advocate in August 1989 and began practicing at the Punjab and Haryana High Court.

Himachal Pradesh:

• Capitals: Shimla (Summer), Dharamshala (Winter)
• Chief minister: Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu
• Governor: Shiv Pratap Shukla

V. Ramasubramanian Appointed NHRC Chairperson

The post of Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) remained vacant since Justice (retd) Arun Kumar Mishra completed his tenure on June 1, 2024. The appointment of former Supreme Court judge, V. Ramasubramanian, was confirmed by President Droupadi Murmu on December 23. Ramasubramanian’s appointment marks a new chapter in the NHRC, following Mishra’s tenure from June 2021 to June 2024.

Interim Leadership:

• After Justice Mishra’s tenure ended, the NHRC was led by acting Chairperson Vijaya Bharathi Sayani.
• A high-powered committee, headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, convened on December 18, 2024, to select the new Chairperson.

Judicial Career of Justice V. Ramasubramanian: Supreme Court Appointment: Justice Ramasubramanian was appointed to the Supreme Court of India in 2019.

Career Milestones:

• He served as the Chief Justice of the Himachal Pradesh High Court before his appointment to the Supreme Court.
• Over his judicial career, he authored 102 judgments, including landmark rulings on issues like demonetization and the application of circumstantial evidence in bribery cases.
• His vast legal expertise and experience will be instrumental in guiding the NHRC to ensure the protection of human rights across India.

Significance of the Appointment

• Guiding the NHRC: Justice Ramasubramanian’s experience will enhance the NHRC’s efforts in safeguarding human rights and upholding justice for all citizens.
• NHRC’s Mandate: His leadership will play a crucial role in steering the commission as it continues to address human rights violations and promote awareness about human rights protection.

About NHRC:

Key Facts About the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)

Establishment: The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India was established on 12th October 1993 under the provisions of the Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA), 1993.

Purpose:

To protect and promote human rights (the rights related to life, liberty, equality, and dignity guaranteed under the Indian Constitution and international human rights covenants).

Headquarters: New Delhi, India.

Composition:

Chairperson: A former Chief Justice of India (CJI).

Members:

• One serving or retired judge of the Supreme Court.
• One serving or retired Chief Justice of a High Court.
• Two members having knowledge of, or practical experience in, human rights.

Ex-officio Members: Chairpersons of four national commissions:

• National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)
• National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST)
• National Commission for Women (NCW)
• National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR).

Appointment:

Members are appointed by the President of India based on the recommendation of a six-member committee consisting of:

• Prime Minister (Chairperson)
• Speaker of the Lok Sabha
• Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
• Union Home Minister
• Leaders of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.

Tenure: The Chairperson and members serve for a term of 3 years or until they reach the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier.

Rank and report news

3 Indians in Forbes’ 2024 Power Women List

Forbes’ prestigious annual ranking highlights influential women who have made significant strides across various sectors. This year, three Indian women earned their place in the top 100 for their remarkable achievements in business, finance, and philanthropy.

Key Achievements of Indian Women in the List 2024

Nirmala Sitharaman (Rank 28)

Position: Finance Minister of India

Achievements:

• Nirmala Sitharaman became the first woman to hold the role of Finance Minister in May 2019, a pivotal position in the Indian government.
• She has played a crucial role in managing India’s $4 trillion economy, with projections to make India the third-largest economy by 2027.
• Sitharaman is a staunch advocate for women’s financial empowerment, focusing on supporting entrepreneurship and enhancing financial literacy.
• Her previous roles include serving at the BBC World Service and as a member of the National Commission for Women.

Roshni Nadar Malhotra (Rank 81)

Position: Chairperson of HCL Technologies and CEO of HCL Corporation

Achievements:

• As the chairperson of HCL Technologies, a $12 billion global IT services company, Roshni Nadar Malhotra has overseen key strategic decisions since taking charge.
• She is the trustee of the Shiv Nadar Foundation, which focuses on transformative education and building a strong foundation for future generations.
• Roshni is also the founder of The Habitats Trust, an organization dedicated to conserving natural habitats and endangered species.
• She holds a background in journalism and an MBA from Kellogg School of Management.

Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw (Rank 82)

Position: Founder and Chairperson of Biocon

Achievements:

• Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw transformed Biocon, India’s leading biopharmaceutical company, into a global powerhouse.
• Under her leadership, Biocon expanded internationally, including establishing one of Asia’s largest insulin manufacturing facilities in Malaysia.
• In 2022, she led Biocon Biologics to acquire Viatris’ biosimilars business for $3.3 billion.
• In 2024, she raised $362 million through Bicara Therapeutics’ IPO, a company backed by Biocon.
• Kiran is a notable philanthropist, having donated $7.5 million for cancer research in 2019.

Significance of the Recognition

• These three women’s inclusion on Forbes’ list of the 100 Most Powerful Women in the world emphasizes their influence and leadership across a range of sectors.
• Their achievements in business, finance, and philanthropy are a testament to their commitment to not only shaping industries but also driving positive change within their communities.

India Ranks 49th in Network Readiness Index (NRI) 2024

India has made significant strides in the 2024 Network Readiness Index (NRI), rising 11 places from 60th in 2023 to 49th in 2024. The country’s NRI score has also improved, reaching 53.63 in 2024, up from 49.93 in 2023. This achievement reflects India’s growing commitment to advancing digital infrastructure and technology adoption, positioning it as a global leader in technological advancements.

Ranking Improvement and Score Growth

• India’s Rank: 49th (up from 60th in 2023).
• India’s NRI Score: Increased from 49.93 in 2023 to 53.63 in 2024.
• This surge in rank and score signifies substantial progress in enhancing India’s digital landscape, reflecting effective governance, innovation, and technology adoption across various sectors.

Key Areas of Technological Advancement

Artificial Intelligence (AI):

• India has made notable advancements in AI research and development, applying AI technologies to improve the quality of life for its citizens and contributing to global AI research.
• AI has been leveraged for various purposes, including healthcare, agriculture, and education, improving efficiency and accessibility.

Mobile Networks & Broadband Connectivity:

• Mobile network infrastructure and broadband connectivity have seen substantial improvements, thanks to government efforts to enhance connectivity across the country.
• The focus on expanding broadband networks and improving mobile services has played a pivotal role in boosting India’s digital readiness and supporting technological growth, particularly in rural areas.

Government Initiatives and Digital Transformation

India’s improvement in the NRI rankings is largely attributed to government initiatives aimed at enhancing the nation’s digital infrastructure. Key actions include:

• Promoting research and development (R&D) in emerging technologies like AI, blockchain, and 5G.
• Supporting innovation ecosystems that drive growth and provide better services to citizens.
• Expanding the Digital India initiative, which aims to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.
• Focusing on improving e-governance and citizen engagement through digital platforms, enhancing the accessibility and efficiency of public services.

AIM & UNDP Launch Youth Co:Lab 2025 to Empower Disability-Inclusive Innovation

The 7th edition of the Youth Co:Lab National Innovation Challenge for 2024-2025 has been launched by the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), NITI Aayog, and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), in partnership with Citi Foundation. This initiative, which began globally in 2017 and was introduced in India in 2019, has already empowered over 2,600 youth-led social innovation teams and impacted more than 19,000 participants.

The primary goal for this year’s challenge is to foster social entrepreneurship and create opportunities for Persons with Disabilities (PwDs), aiming to contribute to the advancement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Focus Areas and Objectives

• The 2024-2025 edition is specifically focused on inclusive innovation for Persons with Disabilities (PwDs), under the theme: “Enhance Access to Opportunities and Well-Being for Persons with Disabilities”

The challenge invites startups and social innovation solutions in three key categories:

• Inclusive and Accessible Assistive Technology (AT) Solutions focused on making assistive technologies more inclusive and accessible for PwDs.
• Inclusive Educational Technology and Skilling Solutions
• Innovations aimed at improving access to education and skill development opportunities for PwDs.

Accessible and Inclusive Care Models

Creating solutions for accessible healthcare services and care models that cater to the needs of PwDs.

Springboard Program

This year, the Springboard Program will support 30-35 early-stage startups that focus on solutions for PwDs. Selected startups will benefit from:

• Mentorship from industry experts.
• Networking opportunities with key stakeholders.
• Seed grants to scale impactful ideas and innovations.

The program will be implemented in collaboration with AssisTech Foundation (ATF), a prominent organization dedicated to accelerating assistive technology innovations for PwDs.

Appointment news

Various IAS officer appointed

Here are the recent key appointments in the Indian administrative services:

• Arunish Chawla – Appointed as Revenue Secretary, Ministry of Finance. Chawla, a 1992 batch Bihar cadre IAS officer, was previously serving as the Secretary of Pharmaceuticals in the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.
• Amit Agrawal – Appointed as the new Secretary of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers. Agrawal is currently the CEO of the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI).
• Vineet Joshi – Appointed as Secretary of Higher Education, Ministry of Education. Joshi was previously serving as the Chief Secretary of Manipur.
• Neerja Sekhar – Appointed as Director General of the National Productivity Council. Sekhar was serving as the Special Secretary in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
• Rachna Shah – Appointed as Secretary of the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT). Shah was serving as the Secretary of Textiles.
• Neelam Shammi Rao – Appointed as the new Secretary of Textiles, Ministry of Textiles. Rao was previously the Secretary of the National Commission for Minorities.
• Sanjay Sethi – Appointed as the new Secretary of the National Commission for Minorities.

Award news

President Droupadi Murmu to confer ‘Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar’ on 17 children for their exceptional achievements

President Droupadi Murmu will confer the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar on 17 children today in New Delhi for their exceptional achievements across seven categories. These children, hailing from 14 States and Union Territories, will be recognized for their remarkable contributions in the following fields:

• Art and Culture
• Bravery
• Innovation
• Science and Technology
• Social Service
• Sports
• Environment

Each of the awardees will receive a medal, certificate, and a citation booklet as part of the recognition for their outstanding accomplishments. This award acknowledges the talent, resilience, and contributions of young individuals in various fields, inspiring others to follow suit.

Jaishankar Receives Sri Chandrasekarendra Saraswathi Award for Leadership

External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar was conferred with the Sri Chandrasekarendra Saraswathi National Eminence Award for Public Leadership by the South Indian Education Society (SIES). The award was presented to Jaishankar in recognition of his exceptional contributions to India’s foreign policy and global leadership.

In his acceptance speech, Jaishankar reflected on India’s rising global assertiveness and stressed the significance of confidence in the nation’s capabilities. Drawing inspiration from Maha Periyavar’s teachings, Jaishankar reinforced India’s commitment to global cooperation while emphasizing that India’s independence should never be mistaken for neutrality.

Key Highlights from Jaishankar’s Address:

• Influence of Maha Periyavar: Jaishankar shared how Maha Periyavar’s teachings, particularly his musical composition Maithreem Bhajatham, which advocates for universal brotherhood and compassion, continue to inspire India’s approach to international relations. He also reflected on Periyavar’s global connections, which shaped India’s vision of universal cooperation and peace in diplomacy.
• India’s Global Significance: Jaishankar highlighted the rise of India as an independent global power, asserting that India’s leadership is now more confident in pursuing the global good, especially focusing on the well-being of the Global South. He also underscored India’s firm stance on important international issues, including its efforts to combat terrorism and its role in supporting the African Union during G20 discussions.
• India’s Independence vs Neutrality: Jaishankar clarified that India’s growing assertiveness does not mean that it is neutral. He reiterated that India would always act in its national interests while contributing to global good, refusing to conform to any external pressures. His comments underscored India’s commitment to diplomacy, dialogue, and global cooperation, while ensuring its sovereign rights are upheld.

Sports news

Martina Devi Wins Silver in Asian Junior Weightlifting Championship in Doha

Martina Devi from Manipur made India proud by winning multiple medals at the Asian Junior Weightlifting Championships held in Doha. The 18-year-old athlete competed in the women’s junior +87kg category and delivered an impressive performance.

Achievements:

• Silver Medal: Secured for her total lift of 225 kg.
• Silver in Clean-and-Jerk: Highlighting her strength in this lift.
• Bronze in Snatch: A commendable effort in this category.

Key Points:

Medals in weightlifting are awarded separately for:

• Snatch
• Clean and Jerk
• Total Lift

These distinctions apply in continental competitions, World Cups, and World Championships.

Book and author news

“The Unyielding Judge: A Tribute to Justice A.N. Grover’s Legacy”

At the launch of the book ‘The Unyielding Judge: The Life and Legacy of Justice A.N. Grover’, Attorney General R. Venkataramani underscored the critical importance of judicial integrity in maintaining the credibility of the legal system. Reflecting on Justice Grover’s contributions, particularly in the Kesavananda Bharti case of 1973, Venkataramani highlighted how a judge’s resistance to external pressures and temptations is key to upholding constitutional values and national liberty. This case, in which Justice Grover played a pivotal role, upheld the basic structure doctrine of the Indian Constitution, safeguarding its fundamental principles.

Judicial Integrity and Legacy

Venkataramani praised Justice A.N. Grover for his unyielding commitment to the law, noting that his ability to resist temptations places him among the highest ranks of humanity’s values. The Attorney General emphasized that this unwavering integrity is vital in protecting constitutional principles and ensuring the liberty of the nation. Venkataramani’s comments marked the first time he publicly spoke about a judge who significantly shaped India’s constitutional history.

Reflections on Justice Grover’s Contributions

The launch event also featured valuable insights from former cabinet minister Salman Khurshid and retired Justice S.K. Katriar, who discussed Justice Grover’s monumental contributions to constitutional law. Their reflections celebrated his legal legacy and his role in strengthening the democratic foundations of India.